scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis of the Possibility to Incorporate Animal-Assisted Interventions into Psychosocial Service for Elderly People in Geriatric Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Ian Petinov
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Psychosocial Service ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Overview

The article contains a theoretical overview of the bases of animal-assisted interventions within the structure of psychosocial service for elderly people in geriatric centers. It also contains analysis of the main theories that explain the impact of animal-assisted interventions on the emotional state in humans, as well as the opportunities to incorporate such an approach in various types of psychosocial work. The article contains a thorough summary of the recent research papers on the use of animal-assisted interventions in educational and therapeutic work with elderly people in geriatric centers. The conclusion of the theoretical overview is that among the analyzed theories that explain the effect of animal-assisted interventions, the most scientifically grounded is the physiological theory, according to which the human brain produces a range of neurotransmitters that activate pleasurable emotional experience during human-animal interaction. Generally, the review of scientific articles has allowed us to discover the benefits of animal-assisted interventions in various human service fields, including occupational therapy, psychotherapy, counseling, and social service. In this view, there are various skills that can be supported for development when working with elderly people in geriatric centers, such as the following:1. Physical skills, including handling a wheelchair and the body balance.2. Psychological skills, including individual and group communication and interaction, self-esteem, leisure and recreation, attention, decrease of the subjective sense of loneliness, short- and long-term memory.3. Motivation, including interaction with staff members, exercise of goal-making.

Personality Factors as Determinants of the Stress Experienced By the Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Singh ◽  
Dr. Fariha Ishrat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Type D ◽  
Physical Maturation ◽  
Type A Personality ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Adolescence is an age of opportunity for children, and a pivotal time for us to build on their development in the first decade of life, to help them navigate risks and vulnerabilities, and to set them on the path to fulfilling their potential. During adolescents there are high rates of drug abuse, suicides, social withdrawals, alcohol abuse or sudden angry outbursts. The present study aims at investigating the personality factors as determinants of the stress experienced by the adolescents.  Anything that poses threat to our wellbeing is a stress for us. Stress is experienced by everyone from time to time. Not all stress is bad, thus, there is both eustress and distress. According to Baum (1990), stress is any uncomfortable emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes. Hans Selye defined stress as a non-specific response of the body to any demand for change. Adolescence has been considered, almost by definition, a period of heightened stress (Spear, 2000) due to the many changes experienced concomitantly, including physical maturation, drive for independence, increased salience of social and peer interactions, and brain development (Blakemore, 2008; Casey, Getz, & Galvan, 2008a; Casey, Jones, & Hare, 2008b). Although new-found independence can be stimulating it may also lead to feelings of being overwhelmed by change, which has historically led some researchers to characterize adolescence as ridden with ‘storm and stress’ (Hall, 1904). Thus, being pushed under the pressure of increased competition mostly in career opportunities, parent/ peer/ teacher’s pressure, there is lot of stress among adolescents and there is high need to focus on this issue amongst them. Many factors affect stress, personality is one major amongst them. Specific inherited characteristics, early experience in life, and particular, learned cognitive predispositions make individuals more or less susceptible to the effects of stressors.  Intensity of stress response are greatly dependable on age, gender, intelligence, and numerous characteristics of personality, such as hardiness, locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, optimism, hostility (component of type A personality) and type D traits (negative affectivity and social inhibition). The increasing number of suicide rates indicates that there is stress among adolescents, so we can work on the personality traits which help in reduction of stress amongst adolescents such as resilience, hardiness etc. Thus, to understand the relation between personality and stress, it is essential to recognize the impact of individual differences on stress. Quantitative method is being used by the researcher. Appropriate data analysis will be done.

scholarly journals Investigation of the psychophysiological response of passengers of fast trains with the different comfort level

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Yu. Bersenev ◽  
Vladimir I. Dubinin ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Ermakov ◽  
Anna I. Kirpicheva
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. To create a regulatory framework, including harmonized with European normative documents in terms of assessing passengers’ comfort, the standard of the enterprise STO RZD “Services in railway transport was developed. Rules for assessing the level of comfort of passengers on trains.” The objective of the study is to compare the indices of the comfort level of passengers, determined by the values of the accelerations acting on them, with the psychological sensations and physiological changes in the body arising in this case, depending on the rolling stock and the state of the track. Material and methods. The experiment using ECG monitoring devices was carried out in four groups of eleven people, six men and five women aged 30-55 years. Additionally, in each group, a psychological survey of 11 more passengers was carried out. All of them were staff members of the Russian Railways divisions. Results. When traveling on high-speed trains “Lastochka” and “Sapsan,” the respondents more often note drowsiness and an exhausted state’s progression. At the end of the trip, they often emphasize stiffness, discomfort, numbness, and numbness of the leg muscles, probably associated with an extended stay in a forced position in the absence of specific freedom movements. In the “lying” position, a person experiences less fatigue, which, according to the sensations, hardly differs from the conditions of a trip in a “sitting” position during short journeys. Regulatory changes in the cardiovascular system are manifested with the combined influence of uncanceled accelerations (the impact of centrifugal forces) and movement speed changes. Conclusion. Carrying out a questionnaire survey and physiological measurements of the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations on the investigated sections of the routes in combination with the obtained technical data on the nature of mobile rail vehicles’ movement confirm the absence of critical discomfort for passengers when traveling on passenger and high-speed trains. The calculated values of the average and constant comfort levels are consistent and do not require correction of the corresponding scales’ values.

Enhancing the Impact of Family Justice Centers via Motivational Interviewing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Simmons ◽  
Kathryn H. Howell ◽  
Michael R. Duke ◽  
J. Gayle Beck
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Body ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Family ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The Family Justice Center (FJC) model is an approach to assisting survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) that focuses on integration of services under one roof and co-location of staff members from a range of multidisciplinary agencies. Even though the FJC model is touted as a best practice strategy to help IPV survivors, empirical support for the effectiveness of this approach is scarce. The current article consolidates this small yet promising body of empirically based literature in a clinically focused review. Findings point to the importance of integrating additional resources into the FJC model to engage IPV survivors who have ambivalent feelings about whether to accept help, leave the abusive relationship, and/or participate in criminal justice processes to hold the offender accountable. One such resource, motivational interviewing (MI), holds promise in aiding IPV survivors with these decisions, but empirical investigation into how MI can be incorporated into the FJC model has yet to be published. This article, therefore, also integrates the body of literature supporting the FJC model with the body of literature supporting MI with IPV survivors. Implications for practice, policy, and research are incorporated throughout this review.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nutrition and Intestinal Microbiome on Elderly Depression—A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Michal Novotny ◽  
Martin Valis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Set Inclusion ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this review is to systematically review the evidence whether proper nutrition has a positive impact on the prevention or decline of depressive symptoms among elderly people. In addition, possible connections between nutrition, microbiome, and serotonin molecules and its tryptophan precursor are discussed. The methodology follows the PRISMA guidelines, including the PRISMA flow chart. The authors systematically reviewed peer-review, English-written articles published in Web of Science and PubMed between 2013 and 2018. The findings of six original articles, detected on the set inclusion and exclusion criteria, indicate that there is an association between nutrition and depressive symptoms in the target group, i.e., that proper nutrition has a positive impact on the prevention or reduction of depressive symptoms among elderly people. The findings also reveal that there is a considerable correlation between the intakes of vitamin B and a decrease in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sufficient nutrient intake of tryptophan appears to be an important factor in terms of nutrition and serotonin levels in the body. The authors consider it important to explore associations between the overall dietary intake and depression since diets are not consumed as individual nutrients. Returning to preventive approaches seems to be a rational way to promote the mental health of seniors. Future studies thus need to include interdisciplinary collaboration: from a good diagnosis of the disease by a psychiatrist, through an analysis of the need for nutrient metabolism by a biochemist to the development of a nutritional plan by a nutritional therapist. The limitations of this review consist in a relatively small number of the studies on this topic, including just few randomized controlled trials, which are a guarantee of efficacy and objectivity in comparison with cross-sectional studies.

scholarly journals Imagination as one of the key elements in the formation of a future actor psychotechnics

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (56) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
O.V. Kryvosheieva
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Acting Training ◽  
The Impact

Background. One of the most important questions in the acting profession is how to educate the psychophysical apparatus of the actor, what it consists of, what exercises will be useful and will be able to develop the necessary psychophysical qualities. Therefore, the theatrical teachers often turn to the sciences, which study the human, to be able to rely not only on the personal experience and on theoretical works of famous theatrical figures. Therefore, K. Stanislavsky creating theory of art turned to experimental psychology, the theory of conditioned reflexes by I. Pavlov. K. Stanislavsky sought to substantiate scientifically his system, to analyze creativity based on “brain physiology”, to study objectively higher nervous (mental) activity. One of the basic elements of the actor’s psychophysics is imagination, which remains by far one of the least studied. Moreover, the first studies of the “imagination” in such science as neuroscience began only in the second half of the XX century. Today, it is important to pay attention to the discoveries that take place in the related sciences in order to be able to understand deeper how a particular exercise affects the psychophysics of a future actor. There is a small amount of contemporary work devoted to the theoretical substantiation of the development of the psychophysical qualities of the actor. Among them the writings by famous theater educators Uta Hagen (“Play as Life”) and Ivana Chubbuk (“Chubbuk’s Actor Technique”) are, which consider the concept “imagination” in relation to other elements of actor psychotechnics, as one of the tools and ways of creating the role. The American actor and a teacher Gavin Levy has created an interesting book “275 Acting Games: Connected” presenting various exercises connected with developing of imagination. Professor of Acting at the University of California Bella Merlin in her work “Acting: Theory and Practice” proposes to develop imagination through a variety of games and improvisation also. Attempts to comprehensive study of actor training, the impact of exercise on the imagination and psychophysics of the actor as a whole are described in the works of M. Alexandrovskaya, S. Gippius, N. Rozhdestvenskaya, V. Petrov, and L. Gracheva, whose experimental results was used in this study, The objective of this paper is to consider the concept of “imagination” in the complex and interaction with other elements of actor psychophysics, using the latest scientific discoveries about human. A complex methodology was used in the work: analysis and synthesis methods that allow to explore a category such as “imagination”, separately and in conjunction with the elements of actor psychophysics; methods of systematization and generalization – to determine the key theoretical provisions of the study in the context of understanding the pedagogical experience of modern domestic and foreign theater schools; method of historical and cultural analysis – in the course of consideration of works on the theory of theater. Results. The concept of “imagination” in acting training is used quite often, but there is no specific answer to the question – whether imagination trains or not. Professor of Russian State Institute of Performing Arts Larissa Gracheva conducted an experiment to help answer this question. Students were asked to recall and relive in their imagination the acute emotional situation that was in the life of each participant in the experiment. A total of 30 student actors and 20 economics and theater students were involved. This experiment affirms the influence of special acting exercises on developing the imagination, because 95 % of participant-actors demonstrated body physical reactions. This concept is considered the paper in conjunction with other elements of actor psychotechnics, such as “visions” (after K. Stanislavskiy), affective and emotional memory, reaching truthful expressiveness on stage and muscular freedom. The chain of interaction between these elements is proposed and their interdependence is justified. The experiment answered the question of how imagination is dependent on “visions” and affective memory, what kind of exercises the future actors can train their imagination. Links has been established between imagination and muscular freedom. Recent discoveries of neuroscience have been used to answer the question of what is going on with the brain, when human being imagines something. Overall, the paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of the selected topic by discussing the findings presented in recent research papers that create an understanding of the theme for the reader. Conclusions. Training of “awakening the imagination” is a complex psychophysical process that can be developed only in combination with other elements of actor psychotechnics. Such complex approach will allow the actor to shape a completely harmonious personality. Imagination is based on visions that form and emerge from each person’s long-term memory. For each actor, these internal images will be unique. This proves that the use of imagination (substitution effect and affective memory) is quite personal and unique process. This approach causes an impression of truth of drama action and induces a strong emotional response. In turn, emotional reaction is first a muscular reaction of the body. Therefore, in acting training it is important to make exercises so as to harmoniously develop the psyche and physics of the actor using in plastic exercises imagination and vice versa, the physics reactions for the developing of imagery thinking.

Fear of crime amongst elders in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanish Bhai Patel ◽  
Anindya Jayanta Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Crime against elderly people is a matter of grave concern in contemporary India. Today, they are being attacked with grievous harm, murder, and abusive behaviour by known and unknown persons. These cases have certainly had a negative impact on their way of life and sense of well-being. Consequently, fear of crime is being recognised as an emerging social problem among the elderly population in India. The purpose of this paper is to examine different types of crime that are being committed against the elderly, leading to a fear of crime. And, to identify the victim offender relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed method approach has been applied in this paper. This study has been designed as an exploratory lead-in to a planned wider study. It examines the factors shaping the victimisation experience of the elderly. The study has been conducted from October 2012 to January 2013 on a sample of 220 elderly people living in both rural and urban areas of Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Findings – The findings suggest that emotional crime is a major problem among the elderly and more prevalent than crime against the body and property. The study has also found that elderly people have a fear of crime in their own houses due to victimisation. Originality/value – This is an original paper, which is based on the experiences of elderly people living in Indian society and discussed the impact of prior victimisation.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

Forms of physical activity of the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Piotr Czarnecki ◽  
◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Key Phrases ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries. Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging. Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly. Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies). Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document