scholarly journals ESTUDO DA EXTRAÇÃO DA QUERCETINA A PARTIR DA CEBOLA ROXA (Allium ceppa L.) E SEU USO COMO CONSERVANTE ALIMENTAR NATURAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 0153-0162
Author(s):  
Gustavo Tomas Galo ◽  
Ana Cristina Da Silva Lima ◽  
Karina Magro Machado ◽  
Lays Brandão Vieira ◽  
Vanessa Cabral Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solvent Volume

Neste trabalho estudou-se a extração sólido-liquido do flavonoide quercetina a partir da cebola roxa. Estudos experimentais de solvente, temperatura, massa de matéria-prima por volume de solvente e tempo de extração mostraram a melhor condição para a lixiviação: etanol 60% (v/v); 40°C; massa de matéria prima (g)/volume de solvente (mL) 1:10; 2 horas e rotação de 200 rpm; obtendo-se uma recuperação de quercetina de 209,83 mgquercetina/gmatéria-prima e 335,19 mgquercetina/gSST (Sólido Solúvel Total). Com esses valores simulou-se o processo completo de extração com auxílio do software Aspen Plus®. Partindo-se de uma base de cálculo de 1000 kg/dia de matéria-prima obteve-se uma produção de 21,7 kg/dia de quercetina, na forma de extrato alcoólico 40°BRIX. Estimou-se um reciclo do etanol de 788,2 kg/dia, sendo necessário repor 17,8 kg/dia de etanol anidro e 94,3 kg/dia de água no processo.The present work studied the solid-liquid extraction of the flavonoid quercetin from purple onion. Experimental studies of solvent, temperature, raw material mass per solvent volume and extraction time showed the best condition for leaching: ethanol 60% (v/v); 40°C; raw material mass (g)/solvent volume (ml) 1:10; 2 hours and 200 rpm shaking; with a quercetin recovery of 209.83 mgquercetin/graw material and 335.19 mgquercetin/gSST (Total Solid Soluble). With these values the complete extraction process was simulated with the aid of Aspen Plus® software. Starting from a base of calculation of 1000 kg/day of raw material it was obtained a production of 21.7 kg/day of quercetin, in the form of alcoholic extract 40 °BRIX. An ethanol recycle of 788.2 kg/day was estimated, requiring 17.8 kg/day of anhydrous ethanol and 94.3 kg/day of water in the process.

Investigating the Potential Use of Papaya Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Huda F. Maulana ◽  
Nuriaji L. Samudro ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Solid Liquid

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the majority of the large textile industry. The use of synthetic dyes can cause water pollution from sewage disposal of the textile industry. Some types of synthetic dyes contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health and can damage the environment. With increasing awareness of the current environmental problems, people begin to focus on returning back to natural dyes. These natural dyes can be extracted from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, wood or stems, and roots. Papaya leaves have the potential to be used as a basic ingredient to make natural dyes due to fairly high chlorophyll content. Therefore, we took the initiative to conduct research on the production of natural dyes from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was produced by using a solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From the results of the study, it was found that the most optimum extract results in the extraction process was about 2.20% of the raw material of dried papaya leaves by using ethanol solvent. The prepared cotton cloth was then colored with papaya leaf extract through three simple steps, namely: mordanting, dyeing, and fixation. Fabric staining results then tested its fastness by two methods, namely the rub method and the washing method with soap. From the test results it was found that the fabric which was dyed with papaya leaf extract was not too resistant to fade from rubbing and soap washing. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN KONDISI KESEIMBANGAN UNIT LEACHING PADA PRODUKSI EUGENOL DARI DAUN CENGKEH

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tagora Bangkit P.S ◽  
Rinaldry Sirait ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solvent Volume

Leafs of clove is an alternative source to obtain clove oil. Clove oil is classified into essential oil with eugenol as its main component. Clove oil is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The objective of this research is to obtain clove oil by solid-liquid extraction (leaching). This research was expected to give data of solid-liquid equilibrium for designing solid liquid extractor. This research was carried out by leaching process with ethanol as its solvent. The extract was then purified by distillation to separate solvent from oil. The fixed variables which were used in this research were stirring rate of 460 rpm and 90 grams dry-based clove leaf. Extraction process was carried out by using solvent with temperature of 30oC and 50oC, extraction time of 1-3 hours with 0.5 hour increment and solvent volume of 500 ml and 600 ml. The results showed that the highest yield of clove oil extraction was obtained at temperature of 50oC and solvent volume of 600 ml. Equilibrium was reached after 2.5 hours and 79%  eugenol concentration in the solvent.

Research on the Extraction Process of Water-Soluble Asparagus Powder and Removal of Free Radical

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
You Shun Peng ◽  
Shi Tao Song ◽  
Shu Yuan Wang ◽  
Xue Fang Zheng ◽  
Qi Lian
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The optimum extraction condition of water-soluble asparagus powder through water boiling method is to extract it twice, in the first extraction, 8% is set as the solid-liquid ratio, 15 minutes is set as the soak time and 40 minutes is set as the boiling time; in the second extraction, 10% is set as the solid-liquid ratio, 40 minutes is set as the boiling time. Under this condition, the dry yield rate is 33.98%, and the total active substance yield rate is 10.34% (including flavones yield rate of 1.0%, saponin yield rate of 5.99%, and polysaccharide yield rate of 3.35%). Water-soluble asparagus powder has good removal effects on hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, and DPPH free radicals. The water-soluble asparagus powders made from the raw material in different pick-time have different removal effects on DPPH free radicals, and the asparagus powder made from asparagus picked in August, September, and October is better.The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

scholarly journals Study of Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols from Curry Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sunita S. Patil ◽  
Umesh B. Deshannavar ◽  
M. Ramasamy ◽  
Sampath Emani ◽  
Nima Khalilpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Batch Extraction ◽  
Total Polyphenol Content ◽  
Curry Leaves ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of

Solid-liquid batch extraction of total polyphenol content from curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) was studied in this paper. The effect of different solvent concentrations and temperatures on total polyphenol content was investigated by performing batch experiments. The experimental studies showed that the kinetics of solid-liquid batch extraction was influenced by different solvent concentrations and temperatures. In solid-liquid batch extraction, more recovery of total polyphenols was obtained for 50% (v/v) aqueous methanol and at 333 K temperature. The total polyphenol obtained at optimum conditions was 79.34 mgGAE/L. Mathematical modelling is an important engineering tool used to study the kinetics of extraction as well as in the design of the extraction process to reduce time, energy, and chemical reagents. Peleg and Power law, the two mathematical models, were used to study the kinetics of the batch extraction process. The Peleg model showed the best fit to explain the kinetics of process with R2 > 0.99. Further conventional extraction methods are compared with the novel extraction method.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Roxburgh Rose Pomace and its Antioxidant Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 02014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhou ◽  
Guangxu Zhu ◽  
Yansheng Yang ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this experiment, at first the roxburgh rose juice was extracted and then roxburgh rose residue was taken as raw material. We have used the enzyme assisted method to study the extraction process of polysaccharides from roxburgh rose pomace. The effects of mesh number, the concentration of the enzyme, temperature and time, pH and solid-liquid ratio on the polysaccharides yield were explored by single factor experiments. And then orthogonal experiment was designed to study the optimal techniques on extracting of polysaccharides from pomace. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the obtained polysaccharides was studied. The results showed that the optimal condition of extracting polysaccharides was as follows: enzyme concentration 2.5%, enzymatic hydrolysis at 60° for 40 min, pH 4.0, mesh number were 100 and solidliquid ratio was 1:25 based on the ratio of cellulase and pectinase was 2: 1. The average polysaccharides yield of enzymatic extraction method reached (4.79±0.07) % under the optimal condition. The antioxidant activity assays in vitro revealed that polysaccharides from roxburgh rose pomace can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals The use of mica schist from Indonesia as raw material for lithium extraction process using sulfate roasting and acid leaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6 (111)) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Nadia Chrisayu Natasha ◽  
Latifa Hanum Lalasari ◽  
Lia Andriyah ◽  
Tri Arini ◽  
Fariza Yunita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Icp Analysis ◽  
Solid Liquid

Lithium minerals become a sub-economic raw material for lithium production to fulfill the lithium demand. This study is about lithium extraction from mica schist using the roasting and leaching processes. The mica schist located in Kebumen, Indonesia was used to study the phenomena during the lithium extraction process. Sodium sulfate was used as a roasting agent while 0.36 M sulfuric acid was used as a leaching agent. Solid/liquid ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 (g/mL)) and leaching time (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) were used as variables in this study. The roasting process was done at 700 °С for 40 minutes while the leaching process was done at 70 °С and 350 rpm. The ratio of additive and mica schist was 1.5:1 (g/g). XRD, ICP-OES, and SEM were used to observe the formed compounds, chemical composition and morphology of the materials. HighScore Plus (HSP) was used to interpret the content of each compound in mica schist, roasted mica schist, and residue. ICP analysis confirmed that the mica schist contains 45.28 ppm of lithium. It is supported by XRD that lithium exists in mica schist as lepidolite (KLi2AlSi4O10(F,OH)2). Sulfate roasting did not affect the type of lepidolite but the lepidolite reactivity against the chemical agent. SEM analysis shows that the roasting process reduced the average particle size from 32.17 to 27.16 µm. ICP analysis of roasted mica schist shows that lithium concentration was reduced from 45.28 to 1.27 ppm. The optimum result from this study was 97.66 % extraction of lithium while solid/liquid ratio was 1:5 (g/ml) and leaching time was 30 minutes. HSP shows that lepidolite contents in initial mica schist, roasted mica schist and residue were 60.6; 24.3 and 18.7 %, respectively. Lithium concentration in the residue according to ICP analysis is 1.06 ppm.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Venitalitya A. S. Augustia ◽  
Dian Ika Nugraha ◽  
Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Material Preparation

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.

scholarly journals Research of extractors for the extraction of target components from plant materials of various internal structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Maksim Prosin ◽  
Dmitrii Borodulin ◽  
Elena Safonova ◽  
Yana Golovacheva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Solid Liquid

Manufacturers prefer berries and fruits, but there are also other products made with seeds, aromatic and medicinal herbs, spices, as well as other components. The main production stage for obtaining tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. Currently, a large number of designs of extractors for solid-liquid system of periodic and continuous action have been developed. All of them are different from each other in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and applicability in a particular production. The purpose of this work is to study and analyze the influence of the structure of raw materials on the efficiency of extraction in equipment of various types. To carry out the research, three types of raw materials were selected from various groups: rose hips, penny root and chaga mushrooms. The most suitable and promising extractor designs are the Soxlhet extractor; centrifugal extractor; rotary-pulsating apparatus. The results of the work, it was concluded that the most versatile apparatus is the rotary-pulsating apparatus, since during its operation the raw material is crushed. Plant raw materials give the most complete target components with list time. In devices of similar designs, the different internal structure of raw materials does not affect the quality of the extracts obtained.

Applications of Bentonite to Soil Decontamination

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698
Author(s):  
Marin Rusanescu ◽  
Carmen Otilia Rusanescu ◽  
Gheorghe Voicu ◽  
Mihaela Begea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Decontamination ◽  
Metal Retention ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

A calcium bentonite from Orasu Nou deposit (Satu Mare Romania) was used as raw material. We have conducted laboratory experiments to determine the influence of bentonite on the degree of heavy metal retention. It has been observed that the rate of retention increases as the heavy metal concentration decreases. Experimental studies have been carried out on metal retention ( Zn) in bentonite. In this paper, we realized laboratory experiments for determining the influence of metal (Zn) on the growth and development of two types of plants (Pelargonium domesticum and Kalanchoe) and the effect of bentonite on the absorption of pollutants. These flowers were planted in unpolluted soil, in heavy metal polluted soil and in heavy metal polluted soil to which bentonite was added to observe the positive effect of bentonite. It has been noticed that the flowers planted in unpolluted soil and polluted with heavy metals to which bentonite has been added, the flowers have flourished, the leaves are still green and the plants whose soils have been polluted with heavy metals began to dry after 6 days, three weeks have yellowish leaves and flowers have dried. Experiments have demonstrated the essential role of bentonite for the removal of heavy metals polluted soil.

scholarly journals Rheological Characterization of a Concentrated Phosphate Slurry

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Souhail Maazioui ◽  
Abderrahim Maazouz ◽  
Fayssal Benkhaldoun ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Khalid Lamnawar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Insoluble Particles ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phosphate ore slurry is a suspension of insoluble particles of phosphate rock, the primary raw material for fertilizer and phosphoric acid, in a continuous phase of water. This suspension has a non-Newtonian flow behavior and exhibits yield stress as the shear rate tends toward zero. The suspended particles in the present study were assumed to be noncolloidal. Various grades and phosphate ore concentrations were chosen for this rheological investigation. We created some experimental protocols to determine the main characteristics of these complex fluids and established relevant rheological models with a view to simulate the numerical flow in a cylindrical pipeline. Rheograms of these slurries were obtained using a rotational rheometer and were accurately modeled with commonly used yield-pseudoplastic models. The results show that the concentration of solids in a solid–liquid mixture could be increased while maintaining a desired apparent viscosity. Finally, the design equations for the laminar pipe flow of yield pseudoplastics were investigated to highlight the role of rheological studies in this context.

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