scholarly journals PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Venitalitya A. S. Augustia ◽  
Dian Ika Nugraha ◽  
Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Material Preparation

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.

scholarly journals Effect of particle sizes and sodium hydroxide concentrations on silica extraction from minerals obtained in Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Eksergi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tutik Muji Setyoningrum ◽  
Wibiana Wulan Nandari ◽  
Sri Wahyu Murni ◽  
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solid Liquid

Silica is mainly used in the production of rubber, glass, cement, glass, ceramics, paper, cosmetics, electronics, paintings, healthcare and other industries. Kalirejo village has a potential abundant resource of silica minerals. However, to refine it, high cost of extraction should be done to obtain high purity of silica. Different refining methods influence different purity of the silica. The purpose of this research was to study the refining process of mineral rock silica from Kalirejo village, Kokap, Kulonprogo by emplying simple and cheap solid-liquid extraction. Extraction was done by varying the particle size at 100 - 200 mesh, while NaOH concentration was varied in 0.5 N to 5 N.  Results showed that minerals taken from Kalirejo village was dominated by silica (23%).  The largest extract (4.89 gram) was obtained at 200 mesh and using NaOH 5 N with yield of 15.07%. Higher NaOH and higher particle size enhanced the extraction yield. This finding could help small communities in Kalirejo village to enhance the quality of silica by employing simple and cheap extraction process.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Roxburgh Rose Pomace and its Antioxidant Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 02014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhou ◽  
Guangxu Zhu ◽  
Yansheng Yang ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this experiment, at first the roxburgh rose juice was extracted and then roxburgh rose residue was taken as raw material. We have used the enzyme assisted method to study the extraction process of polysaccharides from roxburgh rose pomace. The effects of mesh number, the concentration of the enzyme, temperature and time, pH and solid-liquid ratio on the polysaccharides yield were explored by single factor experiments. And then orthogonal experiment was designed to study the optimal techniques on extracting of polysaccharides from pomace. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the obtained polysaccharides was studied. The results showed that the optimal condition of extracting polysaccharides was as follows: enzyme concentration 2.5%, enzymatic hydrolysis at 60° for 40 min, pH 4.0, mesh number were 100 and solidliquid ratio was 1:25 based on the ratio of cellulase and pectinase was 2: 1. The average polysaccharides yield of enzymatic extraction method reached (4.79±0.07) % under the optimal condition. The antioxidant activity assays in vitro revealed that polysaccharides from roxburgh rose pomace can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Research of extractors for the extraction of target components from plant materials of various internal structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Maksim Prosin ◽  
Dmitrii Borodulin ◽  
Elena Safonova ◽  
Yana Golovacheva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Solid Liquid

Manufacturers prefer berries and fruits, but there are also other products made with seeds, aromatic and medicinal herbs, spices, as well as other components. The main production stage for obtaining tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. Currently, a large number of designs of extractors for solid-liquid system of periodic and continuous action have been developed. All of them are different from each other in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and applicability in a particular production. The purpose of this work is to study and analyze the influence of the structure of raw materials on the efficiency of extraction in equipment of various types. To carry out the research, three types of raw materials were selected from various groups: rose hips, penny root and chaga mushrooms. The most suitable and promising extractor designs are the Soxlhet extractor; centrifugal extractor; rotary-pulsating apparatus. The results of the work, it was concluded that the most versatile apparatus is the rotary-pulsating apparatus, since during its operation the raw material is crushed. Plant raw materials give the most complete target components with list time. In devices of similar designs, the different internal structure of raw materials does not affect the quality of the extracts obtained.

scholarly journals Comparison between Two Solid-Liquid Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Steviol Glycosides from Dried Stevia Leaves Applying a Numerical Approach

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gallo ◽  
Andrea Formato ◽  
Gaetano Formato ◽  
Daniele Naviglio
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves contain a mixture of steviol glycosides with extraordinary sweetening properties, among which the most important are stevioside and rebaudioside A. These components have a high sweetening power, which is about 300 times that of sucrose, and a negligible calorie content. However, their extraction and purification are not easy. In this paper, the extraction technique under cyclic pressure, known as rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE), was compared using a Naviglio extractor (NE) with conventional maceration. The aim was to identify an efficient and economically viable method for obtaining high amounts of steviol glycosides in a short time. Furthermore, a numerical model was set up for the solid-liquid extraction process of value-added compounds from natural sources. Several parameters must be evaluated in relation to the characteristics of the parts of the plant subjected to extraction. Therefore, since diffusion and osmosis are highly dependent on temperature, it is necessary to control the temperature of the extraction system. On the other hand, the final aim of this work was to provide a scientific and quantitative basis for RSLDE. Therefore, the results obtained from stevia extracts using the corresponding mathematical model allowed hypothesizing the application of this model to the extraction processes of other vegetable matrices.

Investigating the Potential Use of Papaya Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Huda F. Maulana ◽  
Nuriaji L. Samudro ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Solid Liquid

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the majority of the large textile industry. The use of synthetic dyes can cause water pollution from sewage disposal of the textile industry. Some types of synthetic dyes contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health and can damage the environment. With increasing awareness of the current environmental problems, people begin to focus on returning back to natural dyes. These natural dyes can be extracted from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, wood or stems, and roots. Papaya leaves have the potential to be used as a basic ingredient to make natural dyes due to fairly high chlorophyll content. Therefore, we took the initiative to conduct research on the production of natural dyes from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was produced by using a solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From the results of the study, it was found that the most optimum extract results in the extraction process was about 2.20% of the raw material of dried papaya leaves by using ethanol solvent. The prepared cotton cloth was then colored with papaya leaf extract through three simple steps, namely: mordanting, dyeing, and fixation. Fabric staining results then tested its fastness by two methods, namely the rub method and the washing method with soap. From the test results it was found that the fabric which was dyed with papaya leaf extract was not too resistant to fade from rubbing and soap washing. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN KONDISI KESEIMBANGAN UNIT LEACHING PADA PRODUKSI EUGENOL DARI DAUN CENGKEH

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tagora Bangkit P.S ◽  
Rinaldry Sirait ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solvent Volume

Leafs of clove is an alternative source to obtain clove oil. Clove oil is classified into essential oil with eugenol as its main component. Clove oil is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The objective of this research is to obtain clove oil by solid-liquid extraction (leaching). This research was expected to give data of solid-liquid equilibrium for designing solid liquid extractor. This research was carried out by leaching process with ethanol as its solvent. The extract was then purified by distillation to separate solvent from oil. The fixed variables which were used in this research were stirring rate of 460 rpm and 90 grams dry-based clove leaf. Extraction process was carried out by using solvent with temperature of 30oC and 50oC, extraction time of 1-3 hours with 0.5 hour increment and solvent volume of 500 ml and 600 ml. The results showed that the highest yield of clove oil extraction was obtained at temperature of 50oC and solvent volume of 600 ml. Equilibrium was reached after 2.5 hours and 79%  eugenol concentration in the solvent.

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI SILIKA DARI ABU SEKAM PADI DENGAN PELARUT KOH

Konversi ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Galang Fajar Agung M ◽  
Muhammad Rizal Hanafie Sy ◽  
Primata Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The One ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sekam padi sebagai limbah yang berlimpah khususnya di negara agraris, adalah salah satu sumber penghasil silika terbesar. Sekam padi mengandung sekitar 90%-98% silika setelah mengalami pembakaran sempurna. Pengambilan silika dari abu sekam padi dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi padat cair menggunakan larutan alkali sebagai pelarut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan alkali dan waktu operasi terhadap yield dari silika. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Sepuluh gram abu sekam padi dimasukkan ke dalam 60 mL larutan alkali dengan konsentrasi tertentu (5%w/w, 10% w/w dan 15% w/w) untuk diekstrak kandungan silika dengan waktu operasi tertentu (30, 60 dan 90 menit). Setelah proses ekstraksi selesai, larutan tersebut ditambahkan larutan HCl 1 N untuk mengendapkan silika. Silika yang terbentuk kemudian dipisahkan dari sisa larutan dengan penyaringan. Untuk menghilangkan kelembaban pada silika yang dihasilkan, maka dilanjutkan dengan proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yield silika terbesar adalah 50,49% terjadi pada KOH 10% dan waktu ekstraksi 90 menit.  Keywords: abu sekam padi, silika, KOH  Rice husks, the most abundant waste material in agricultural country, is the one of the silica rich raw materials. Rice husks contain about 90%-98% of silica after completed combustion. Recovery silica from ash of  rice husks was done by solid-liquid extraction using alkali solution. Different concentration of alkali solution (5% w/w, 10% w/w and 10% w/w) and different operation time (30, 60 and 90 minutes) were used to investigate their influence on yields of silica. The extraction process was carried out in laboratory scale. After extraction, process was continued by acidic solidification, filtration and drying. The result showed the biggest yield of  silica was 50, 49% at 10% KOH for 90 minutes . Keywords: ash of rice husks, silica, KOH

scholarly journals Effect of negative factors on the use of oak and beech for decorative veneers

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. Král ◽  
J. Hrázský
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Material Preparation

The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the analysis of relationships between the quality of decorative veneers of oak and beech and negative factors decreasing the use of veneers. Effects of factors were assessed in the preparation, storage and protection of a raw material, treatment of logs before slicing and stay-log cutting and in the manufacture of veneers proper. Intensity of spraying was measured, protection of raw material during storage and regimes of hydrothermic preparation were assessed. Qualitative yield was determined in 386 logs of a diameter from 34 to 66 cm comparing four methods of cutting: half-round cutting and two-sized slicing with half-round cuttingand stay-log cutting of ahalf-round log and a whole log. The quality of veneers is also affected by the relative position and quality of cutting tools. Results of the paper consist in conclusions and recommendations for the better and more complete use of oak and beech to obtain quality veneers. The paper sets conditions for storage and protection, raw material preparation and regimes of hydrothermic treatment. Based on the research results we recommend to cut logs of oak of 30 to 40 cm diameter from two opposite sides (two-sided slicing) with the subsequent cutting into two parts. Each of the parts is sliced separately to a residual board. It is suitable logs of oak of 40 to 66 cm diameter to be lengthwise trimmed from two or four faces and then cut into two parts. It is recommended logs of beech of 30 to 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut without lengthwise division in the whole log and logs over 44 cm diameter to be stay-log cut when divided into two parts. The necessary precondition of a quality veneer with a smooth surface and uniform thickness is keeping the geometry of cutting tools. It is necessary to check regularly determined parameters of a knife and nose bar in relation to a bolt. The nose bar and knife have to be made from a suitable material not causing colouring.

Research on the Extraction Process of Water-Soluble Asparagus Powder and Removal of Free Radical

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
You Shun Peng ◽  
Shi Tao Song ◽  
Shu Yuan Wang ◽  
Xue Fang Zheng ◽  
Qi Lian
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The optimum extraction condition of water-soluble asparagus powder through water boiling method is to extract it twice, in the first extraction, 8% is set as the solid-liquid ratio, 15 minutes is set as the soak time and 40 minutes is set as the boiling time; in the second extraction, 10% is set as the solid-liquid ratio, 40 minutes is set as the boiling time. Under this condition, the dry yield rate is 33.98%, and the total active substance yield rate is 10.34% (including flavones yield rate of 1.0%, saponin yield rate of 5.99%, and polysaccharide yield rate of 3.35%). Water-soluble asparagus powder has good removal effects on hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, and DPPH free radicals. The water-soluble asparagus powders made from the raw material in different pick-time have different removal effects on DPPH free radicals, and the asparagus powder made from asparagus picked in August, September, and October is better.The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

scholarly journals Modeling of Cosolvent and Temperature Effects on Ethanolic Extraction of Pequi and Murici Seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Moreira Andrade Araújo ◽  
Érica Resende Oliveira, Gabriel Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Evandro Galvão Tavarez Menezes, Fabiana Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Retention Index ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Low Solubility

One of the main products extracted from seeds is the oil, which have great importance in human food. They help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants. The oil extraction process can be carried out in different ways, being one of them the solvent extraction. Ethanol is a solvent with the potential to replace hexane, which is a renewable and non-toxic solvent. However, the oil shows low solubility in ethanol, and it is important to study cosolvents that may improve the solubility and yield of the oil extraction. A response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ethanolic extraction using cosolvents. The soluble solids yield and the retention index from pequi and murici seeds extraction using ethanol and cosolvents (hexane and isopropanol) were estimated. Soluble solids greatest recovery was with 10% of each cosolvent at 45 °C, for both pequi and murici seeds. The low retention index obtained represents a greater efficiency in the extraction process, however, the empirical model did not describe this variable for murici seeds; and it was independent from the cosolvents mass fraction concerning the pequi almonds. Temperature was a parameter with high influence on the recovery of soluble solids and retention index of pequi and murici seeds solid-liquid extraction process. This paper provides a comprehensive approach to murici and pequi seeds waste oil production from an industrial perspective, by using biorenewable solvents, such as ethanol.

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