scholarly journals POST-PARTUM SUB-CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN DAIRY COWS: INCIDENCE AND DIAGNOSIS

SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
◽  
Madhumeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Uterine Perfusion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Post-partum uterine infections such as metritis, clinical endometritis and sub-clinical endometritis, are the most common cause for decreased productivity and fertility in dairy cows. Being the least severe form of endometritis, sub-clinical endometritis (SCE) is defined as the superficial inflammation of endometrium with no signs of systemic illness and characterized by an increase in number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) inside the uterine lumen. The impact of sub-clinical endometritis on fertility of dairy cows is well known probably due to absence of any clinical signs and thus, difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Different techniques such as endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy, biochemical analysis of uterine fluid, and measurement of acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers have been employed for the diagnosis of SCE. Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography of middle uterine arteries and uterus have also been used to diagnose the inflammation via assessment of uterine perfusion, respectively. Among all methods, endometrial cytology via cytotape is one of the most advanced and frequently employed methods for diagnosis of cytological endometritis based on the fact that proportion of PMNCs increase during uterine inflammation. The review focuses mainly on current status of incidence and diagnosis of post-partum sub-clinical endometritis in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Systematic clinical examination of early postpartum cows and treatment of puerperal metritis did not have any beneficial effect on subsequent reproductive performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dolezel ◽  
M. Vecera ◽  
T. Palenik ◽  
S. Cech ◽  
M. Vyskocil
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the impact of a control program based on systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3<I> post partum (pp)</I> and treatment in the case of puerperal metritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Cows having serious dystocia as well as cows treated for retained placenta were not involved in the trial. The evaluation was performed by comparing reproductive performance between systematically examined cows (Group E, <I>n</I> = 83) and cows that were examined and treated occasionally on the basis of farmers’ notifications of a pathological condition (Group C, <I>n</I> = 95). In Group E, reproductive performance was compared between cows with a mild form of metritis (Group E1, <I>n</I> = 18), cows with a severe form of metritis (Group E2, <I>n</I> = 14) and cows without puerperal metritis (Group E0, <I>n</I> = 51). Clinical examination consisted in rectal and vaginal palpation with inspection of the lochia manually withdrawn from the vagina. Cows with puerperal metritis were treated with an intramuscular administration of PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> analogue – dinoprost. An intrauterine antibiotic (rifaximin foam) was added in cases of severe metritis. The examination and treatment (in cases of a pathological condition, <I>n</I> = 10) were repeated in Group E on Day 24 ± 3 <I>pp</I>. In addition, the incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was evaluated. Occurrence of ovarian disorders (30.1 vs. 24.2%) and clinical endometritis (27.7 vs. 23.2%), calving to first service interval (83.2 vs. 85.4 days), pregnancy until Day 100 <I>pp</I> (30.8 vs. 35.3%) as well as until Day 150 <I>pp</I> (64.6 vs. 64.7%), services per conception (2.45 vs. 2.16), calving to conception interval (141.6 vs. 136.4 days), total culling rate (20.5 vs. 28.4%) and culling rate due to (sub)infertility (8.4 vs. 6.3) in Group E compared to Group C were not different. Only the first service pregnancy rate was lower in Group E (30.3 vs. 47.1%, <I>P</I> < 0.05). Even though no significant differences were found in the reproduction parameters between groups E1, E2 and E0, the worst parameters were in Group E2. The incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was not different. The trial did not prove that there was a beneficial effect of systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3 <I>pp</I> nor of treatment in cases of puerperal metritis, using PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> and intrauterine antibiotic, on reproductive performance in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Does Not Impact the Lying and Grooming Behaviour of Post-Parturient Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Nadège Perier ◽  
Alice de Boyer des Roches ◽  
Margit Bak Jensen ◽  
Kathryn Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grooming Behaviour

Behaviour is commonly used to detect sickness in animals, but the impact of sickness on lying and maternal behaviours around parturition is not well understood. The objective was to assess the effects of sickness on the lying and grooming behaviours of dairy cows in the first 24 h after giving birth. Cows were categorized as ‘sick’ (n = 8) if they had at least one rectal temperature ≥39.1 °C and one clinical sign of illness (mastitis, pneumonia or an unknown infection) within 24 h of calving. These cows were match-paired for parity with cows that had no rectal temperature ≥39.1 °C and no clinical signs of illness up to 3 d after calving (n = 8; ‘not sick’). The duration and latency of cow behaviours (standing, lying, lying bouts, lying close to calf, and grooming of the calf) and calf behaviours (standing and lying) were recorded for 24 h post-partum. We found no differences in the behaviour of sick and not sick cows and their calves post-calving, except that sick cows took longer to lie down near their calf after calving compared to those without illness. Cows may be more motivated to groom and spend time with their calf than to express sickness behaviours immediately after giving birth.

Effect of different diet supplements in the pre- and post-partum period on reproductive performance in the dairy cow

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Gardner ◽  
C. K. Reynolds ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
A.K. Jones ◽  
D.E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ration Group ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe study compared the impact of feeding different energy supplements (barley, molassed sugar beet and fat) prior to calving and the effects of feeding supplemental fat post-partum, on subsequent production and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of two groups, six weeks prior to expected calving date and fed a grass based total mixed ration according to ME requirements for late gestation. Group 1 was supplemented with barley (B) or molassed sugar beet feed (SB) prior to calving and was then given a high starch lactation ration. Group 2 was supplemented with either fat (F) or no supplement (C) pre partum, and was then given a similar lactation ration as Group 1 but supplemented with fat. Lactation rations were fed through to week-20 post partum and the cows were monitored during this period. Milk yield (P<0.002) and milkfat (P<0.02) production were higher and milk protein concentration (P<0.001) was lower in Group 2. The number of days to first rise in progesterone following parturition was greater (P<0.01) in Group 2. Due to the design of the study, effects of prepartum supplementation were only evaluated within each lactation ration group. Conception rate to first service was higher (P<0.001) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and higher (P<0.02) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Services per conception were lower (P=0.06) for B than SB supplemented cows in Group 1 and lower (P<0.05) for F than C supplemented cows in Group 2. Overall pregnancy rates and days open were not significantly different between the groups. The data shows that pre-partum nutrition had an important role in determining subsequent fertility. Despite having negative effects early post partum, supplementing with fat did not affect overall reproductive performance but it did improve milk production.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Haematological Blood Parameters at Different Stages of Lactation in Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ovidiu COROIAN ◽  
Vioara MIRESAN ◽  
Aurelia COROIAN ◽  
Camelia RADUCU ◽  
Luisa ANDRONIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The health status of cows is evaluated and depending on haematological and biochemical profile of blood. Nutrition is the main technological factor that can produce profound changes in the metabolic profile in animals (Dhiman et al., 1991; Khaled et al., 1999; Ingvartsen, 2006). Blood parameters analyze can lead to identify if there are errors in nutrition of lactating cows (Payne et al., 1970). The aim of this study was the evaluation of metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during colostrum period and in terms of number of lactations in cows. The biological material was represented by a total of 60 heads of dairy cows from a family farm from Sălaj County, Romania. The cows are all from Holstein breed and presented no clinical signs of any specific pathology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cow and analyzed. 10 individuals from each of the six lactations have been randomly selected. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed variations depending on factors analyzed here. In lactation 1 Hb was 7.55±3.05 (g/dl), while in lactation 6 the value was 12.5±2.10 (g/dl). RBC ranged as follows: in lactation 1 - 28.50±2.05 and in lactation 6 - 30.02±2.05. Lymphocytes varied within very wide limits under the influence of lactation: in lactation 1 - 2.8±1.56 and in lactation 6 - 7.55±1.80. The number of lactations and lactation rank have influenced blood biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Biochemical parameters are influenced by post-partum day, showing the lowest values in the early days of colostral period and the highest in the last few days of the same period.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on clinical trends of reproductive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-350
Author(s):  
Rashida Khaton ◽  
Md Abul Hasnat ◽  
Md Royhan Gofur ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Md Alauddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Performance evaluation of existing dairying is important to design relevant dairy development strategies and implement context specific interventions for future development of the dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical trends (reproductive performance and disorders) of dairy cows of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 500 cows randomly selected and data were collected directly from the dairy farms owners from 6 upazilas and 4 metro thanas of Rajshahi district by using questionnaires and diagnosis of reproductive disorders (RD) was made on the basis of history, clinical signs and response to treatment. The average reproductive performance (RP) were recorded as age at puberty 26.42±0.22 m, age at first calving 35.48±0.22 m, post-partum heat period 121.85±3.48 days, service per conception 1.93±0.04, days open 136.80±3.57 days and calving interval 401.04±3.94 days. The better RP was found at metro thanas compared to upazilas, though no significant difference was found except on service per conception (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of RD was 78.6% in Rajshahi district. Among the reproductive and productive disorders, anoestrus 24.6% was the highest prevalent disorders followed by abortion 13.4%, repeat breeding 11.4%, retained placenta 10.2%, dystocia 5.4%, mastitis 4.4%, vaginal prolapse 2.4%, pyometra 1.8%, metritis 1.6%, uterine prolapse 1.4%, milk fever 1.2% and still birth 0.8%. The highest occurrence of RD was recorded in Tanore upazila (92%) and the lowest in Poba upazila (62%). In comparison between the upazila and metro thanas the minimum occurrence of RD was recorded in metro thanas (31%) than upazilas (47.6%). Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 340-350

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in Northern provinces, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Sathaporn Jittapalapong ◽  
Thomas Mitchell ◽  
Chainirun Sununta ◽  
Ikuo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNeospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of neosporosis, recognized as a major cause of bovine abortion around the world. Thailand is a developing agricultural country located in Southeast Asia. Livestock developments particularly in dairy cows of this country have been hampered by low productivity including milk and slow growth rate due to the impact of many pathogens including N. caninum. Currently, there is no effective method for control of neosporosis since there is less information regarding current status of infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of neosporosis in dairy cows of the northern part of Thailand. During 2006–2007, the sera of 642 cows from 42 small farm holders with the top three highest consensus of dairy farms in the northern provinces, such as Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Lumpang were collected and performed tests. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant N. caninum surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The overall prevalence of N. caninum infection in this study was 46.9% (301/642) by ELISA and 34.3% (220/642) by IFAT.

scholarly journals Factors associated with body temperature of healthy Holstein dairy cows during the first 10 days in milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Suthar ◽  
Onno Burfeind ◽  
Stephanie Bonk ◽  
Rainer Voigtsberger ◽  
Caroline Keane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

In this prospective observational study rectal and vaginal temperature of 82 (26 primiparous, 56 multiparous) early post-partum healthy dairy cows that calved without intervention within 3 months and did not show clinical signs of infectious and metabolic diseases were continuously measured and evaluated for associations with plausible factors during the first 10 days in milk (DIM). During May, June and July mean (±sd) temperature humidity index (THI) was 60·1±5; 66·8±5·6 and 74·2±4·3, respectively. Environmental conditions had a negligible effect on body temperature (BT) during May (P<0·05). During June and July, however, the ambient temperature and THI influenced BT (P<0·05). Furthermore, plausible factors like parity, DIM, months and time of day had an effect on BT (P<0·05). Overall, primiparous cows demonstrated 0·2°C greater BT during the first 10 DIM than multiparous cows. The effect of parity, however, on BT varied between DIM according to month (P<0·001). During this 3-month study period all cows demonstrated BT rhythms; however, the amplitude of BT increased from May to July (0·3 to 0·7°C). A greater proportion of the vaginal temperature measurements exceeded a threshold tested (⩾39·5°C) during July (46·8%) than in June (33·9%) and May (19·3%). Overall the percentage of BT values above a threshold of ⩾39·5°C was lower during the period 6.00–10.00 compared with the remaining 20 h (P<0·05). Therefore this study concluded that the BT of healthy post-partum dairy cows during the period 1–10 DIM post partum is greater compared with the reference range of 38·6 to 39·5°C reported by others and is influenced by parity, DIM, time of day and THI. When the association between BT and THI increased the reliability of threshold levels of BT (⩾39·5°C) decreased.

scholarly journals Study of sub-clinical endometritis on the basis of endometrial thickness and endometrial cytology in dairy cows after parturition

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Neelam . ◽  
Pravesh Kumar ◽  
P. K. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Dairy cows assigned to four treatment groups were administered PGF2 analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 8 (n=5), day 25 post partum (n=5), or antibiotic from day 1 to 5 postpartum (n=5), or kept as untreated control (n=5). The monitoring of endometrial thickness of previous gravid and non-gravid uterine horn was performed by transrectal ultrasound scanning on day 43 but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between treatment and control group. Endometrial cytology confirmed sub-clinical endometritis in cows under control group based on the mean percentage of PMN cells. Similarly, PMN cells were statistically different (p Lass Than 0.05) between PG8 and control group.

scholarly journals Uterine inflammation affects the reproductive performance of dairy cows: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Roger Eduardo Molina-Coto ◽  
Matthew C. Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Uterine Disease ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Uterine Diseases

Incidence of post- partum uterine disease is an important concern in dairy cattle, because it affects its reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature was to generate a multifactorial overview about uterine diseases, and the reproductive performance of dairy cows, from a zootechnical approach. Dairy cows face multiple challenges around parturition. Immune suppression around calving, exposition to trauma and uterine bacterial contamination, metabolic diseases, lactation, and changes in management make dairy cows susceptible to uterine diseases. Most cows are able to eliminate uterine infection after calving, however, some cows keep uterine disease. Uterine disease may show clinical signs, but also silent signs that affect fertility as well. Poor reproductive performance is not caused by those signs by themselves, but due to alterations in ovarian and uterine function. Also, the problem of this silent signs is that farmers become aware of the disease when it has already caused negative effects on the reproductiveperformance. Sometimes, uterine disease is still present at the moment of the first service after calving. Uterine diseasemake it harder for cows to get pregnant because it affects the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, being another cause for infertility, increasing the cull rate and decreasing incomes from the dairy industry.

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