A cross sectional study on clinical trends of reproductive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh

Performance evaluation of existing dairying is important to design relevant dairy development strategies and implement context specific interventions for future development of the dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical trends (reproductive performance and disorders) of dairy cows of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 500 cows randomly selected and data were collected directly from the dairy farms owners from 6 upazilas and 4 metro thanas of Rajshahi district by using questionnaires and diagnosis of reproductive disorders (RD) was made on the basis of history, clinical signs and response to treatment. The average reproductive performance (RP) were recorded as age at puberty 26.42±0.22 m, age at first calving 35.48±0.22 m, post-partum heat period 121.85±3.48 days, service per conception 1.93±0.04, days open 136.80±3.57 days and calving interval 401.04±3.94 days. The better RP was found at metro thanas compared to upazilas, though no significant difference was found except on service per conception (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of RD was 78.6% in Rajshahi district. Among the reproductive and productive disorders, anoestrus 24.6% was the highest prevalent disorders followed by abortion 13.4%, repeat breeding 11.4%, retained placenta 10.2%, dystocia 5.4%, mastitis 4.4%, vaginal prolapse 2.4%, pyometra 1.8%, metritis 1.6%, uterine prolapse 1.4%, milk fever 1.2% and still birth 0.8%. The highest occurrence of RD was recorded in Tanore upazila (92%) and the lowest in Poba upazila (62%). In comparison between the upazila and metro thanas the minimum occurrence of RD was recorded in metro thanas (31%) than upazilas (47.6%). Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 340-350

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Treatment outcomes and influencing factors on patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a retrospective study

Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine ◽

10.53986/ibjm.2021.0018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽

◽

Abolhasan Halvani ◽

Mohammadhesam Gharaei Khezri ◽

Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Drug Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases, especially in countries such as Iran. The course of treatment and the number of drugs used vary depending on the severity of the disease and the parts of the body involved. The resistant tuberculosis to treatment has increased in recent years. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency distribution of response to treatment of patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated all patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan city who had referred to health centers during the years 2011-2019. The data collection tool was a pre-prepared checklist that included information on age, sex, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, diabetes, patients' nationality, drug side effects, and response to treatment. Finally, data was entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed. Results: In this study, the overall response rate was 83% and the mortality rate was 10%. Between the frequency distribution of response to treatment in terms of gender, age, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, patients' nationality and diabetes was not statistically significant difference. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the frequency distribution of pulmonary TB treatment response in terms of drug allergy, drug hepatitis and other drug side effects. Conclusion: According to results, can be concluded that none of the variables: age, sex, smear and culture result, and history of diabetes have no an effect on response to treatment and mortality of tuberculosis.

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DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.6.1/003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Fatima Bichi ◽

Dr. Shumaila Hanif

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Location ◽

Diastasis Recti ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

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A Cross-sectional Study of Reproductive Performance of Smallholder Dairy Cows in Coastal Tanzania

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-005-1218-x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 513-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. S. Swai ◽

M. J. Bryant ◽

E. D. Karimuribo ◽

N. P. French ◽

N. H. Ogden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smallholder Dairy

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Homocysteine, trace elements and oxidant/antioxidant status in mild cognitively impaired elderly persons: a cross-sectional study

Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2015-0043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hajar Negahdar ◽

Seyed Reza Hosseini ◽

Hadi Parsian ◽

Farzan Kheirkhah ◽

Abbas Mosapour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), so identification of the related risk factors can be helpful. There are controversial data regarding the serum oxidant/antioxidant status, trace elements and homocysteine (Hcy) as effective parameters in this disease, therefore the status of these factors was determined in this study. Methods. One hundred-twenty elderly persons with cognitive impairment and 120 elderly healthy persons who were differentiated using Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) participated in this study. The patients were divided into mild and moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment group. Serum antioxidant/oxidant, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and Hcy concentrations were measured using routine methods. Results. Oxidant and antioxidant levels increased and decreased based on the severity of the disease and were higher and lower in patients than in control group, respectively (p<0.001). With adjusting for age, gender and education, significant difference in Hcy levels was not observed. There was no significant difference in trace elements levels among groups. Conclusions. Results confirmed the association between oxidative damage with increasing the severity of cognitive impairment. These factors may be involved in the etiology of cognitive impairment and AD. Identification of such biomarkers is important to select appropriate treatment goals before the onset of irreversible clinical signs.

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Uterine inflammation affects the reproductive performance of dairy cows: A review

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/ma.v29i2.29852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Roger Eduardo Molina-Coto ◽

Matthew C. Lucy

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Post Partum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Multiple Challenges ◽

The Moment ◽

Uterine Diseases

Incidence of post- partum uterine disease is an important concern in dairy cattle, because it affects its reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature was to generate a multifactorial overview about uterine diseases, and the reproductive performance of dairy cows, from a zootechnical approach. Dairy cows face multiple challenges around parturition. Immune suppression around calving, exposition to trauma and uterine bacterial contamination, metabolic diseases, lactation, and changes in management make dairy cows susceptible to uterine diseases. Most cows are able to eliminate uterine infection after calving, however, some cows keep uterine disease. Uterine disease may show clinical signs, but also silent signs that affect fertility as well. Poor reproductive performance is not caused by those signs by themselves, but due to alterations in ovarian and uterine function. Also, the problem of this silent signs is that farmers become aware of the disease when it has already caused negative effects on the reproductiveperformance. Sometimes, uterine disease is still present at the moment of the first service after calving. Uterine diseasemake it harder for cows to get pregnant because it affects the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, being another cause for infertility, increasing the cull rate and decreasing incomes from the dairy industry.

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Risk Factors for the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows and Economic Impact of Failure of First Service Insemination in and around Haramaya Town, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2021/6622487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Muhammed Hamid ◽

Sadam Abduraman ◽

Belege Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Significant Difference

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 in and around Haramaya Town to study the risk factors of artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cattle and evaluate the economic impact of failure of first service AI. A questionnaire survey and field follow-up were employed for collecting data from cattle owners and artificial insemination technicians (AITs) who were selected purposively. Out of the 221 inseminated cows and heifers, the overall conception rate was 60.2% (n = 133). The conception rate was statistically different between breed ( P = 0.019 ) and insemination time ( P = 0.049 ). From a total of 133 conceived cows and heifers, the conception rate was 68 (53.54%) in local breeds and 65 (69.15%) in cross breeds. Parity, age of cows, inseminator experience, and body condition of cows did not create a significant difference in conception rate ( P > 0.05 ). Failure to conceive at their first AI results in an extra cost of 440 ETB per day until conception. Therefore, to increase the conception rate, dairy cows should be inseminated early when they show signs of estrous; the owners of dairy cows should be trained on how to detect estrous signs in dairy cows and AI technicians should also take training in order to improve their skills.

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Value of Infrared Thermography Camera Attached to a Smartphone for Evaluation and Follow-up of Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/7065713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cínthia Minatel Riguetto ◽

Walter José Minicucci ◽

Arnaldo Moura Neto ◽

Marcos Antonio Tambascia ◽

Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann

Keyword(s):

Infrared Thermography ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). The Clinical Activity Score (CAS) has been widely used to evaluate GO inflammation severity and response to treatment; however, it is quite subjective. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a portable and low-cost device to evaluate local temperature and assess inflammation. The aim was to evaluate ocular temperature by IRT as an instrument for measuring inflammatory activity in GO and its correlation with CAS. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study involving 136 consecutive GD patients (12 with CAS ≥ 3/7, 62 with CAS < 3 and 62 without apparent GO) with 62 healthy controls. Patients with active ophthalmopathy were prospectively evaluated. Exophthalmometry, CAS, and thermal images from caruncles and upper eyelids were acquired from all subjects. Results. All eye areas of thermal evaluation had higher temperatures in GD patients with active ophthalmopathy (caruncles, p<0.0001; upper eyelids, p<0.0001), and it was positively correlated with CAS (r=0.60 and p<0.0001 at caruncles; r=0.58 and p<0.0001 at upper eyelids). No difference in temperature was found between other groups. Patients with active ophthalmopathy were prospectively evaluated after 6 or 12 months of the treatment and a significant difference was found in ophthalmometry (p=0.0188), CAS (p=0.0205), temperature of caruncles (p=0.0120), and upper eyelids (p=0.0066). Conclusions. IRT was an objective and simple tool for evaluation and follow-up of inflammation in GO, allowed evidencing patients with significant inflammatory activity, and had a good correlation with the CAS score.

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Assessment of WHO ten steps towards successful breastfeeding among postpartum mothers in Karaikal: A hospital based cross-sectional study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v9i3.19344 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Dr Farhan ◽

Sarthak Das ◽

Archana Malik

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Prelacteal Feeding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Postpartum Mothers

Background: Breastfeeding is the most essential, dynamic and profitable method of giving infants the perfect start in life. The Recent Rapid Survey on Children in India shows that 44.6% infants are now being breastfed within an hour of birth and 64.9 % of 0-6months old infants were exclusively breastfed.Aims and Objectives: To estimate the proportion of mothers who successfully breastfeed their children according to the WHO ten steps towards successful breastfeeding.Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in Postpartum ward of JIPMER, Karaikal from 1st August to 31st September. Mothers aged 18- 49 years; given birth to healthy, singleton baby and stayed in hospital for minimum 24 hours after delivery were included in the study. The questions about breastfeeding practices based on “WHO ten steps of successful breastfeeding” were asked. Mothers knew seven steps or more(score ≥ 7) were considered as having successful breastfeeding.Results: Out of 205 only 32 (15.60%) mothers breastfeed their child successfully.There is significant difference between multiparous and primiparous mothers in Breastfeeding initiation within one hour of delivery(p=0.04) and Prelacteal feeding Practice (p = 0.003). The successful breastfeeding rate was higher among multiparous compared to primiparous mothers which is statistically significant (p=0.032).Conclusion: There is existence offaulty practice in breastfeeding process among post-partum mothers.The role of health professionals in encouraging optimal breastfeeding are remarkably low. Compulsory Implementation of BFHI in every hospitalby a Breastfeeding Committee, can be planned to increasing the breastfeeding rate.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(3) 2018 1-5

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Major management factors associated with reproductive performance and disorders in cows at Rajshahi region of Bangladesh

10.33109/bjvmjj2021fam2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Khaton ◽

M. J. U. Sardar

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Post Partum ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Farm Size ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

Heat Period ◽

Days Open ◽

Natural Service

Background: The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing major factors that affect the reproductive performance and disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from January 2014 to June 2015. Data on herd size, feed quality, breeding, grazing, management system, reproductive disorders, age at puberty, age at firs calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval of 500 cows were collected from farm owners by administering a questionnaire. We recorded the important diseases contacting farmers by mobile phone and visiting the farms. The effect of farm size, rearing system, feed quality and preventive measure on reproductive performance were evaluated by analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. Unpaired T-test was used to compare the reproductive performance according to breeding. Chi-square test was used to compare between two categories of a dichotomous outcome.. Results: The age at puberty, age at first calving, post-partum heat period, service per conception, days open and calving interval were 26.42±0.22 m, 35.48±0.22 m, 121.85±3.48 days, 1.93±0.04, 136.80±3.57 days and 401.04±3.94 days, respectively. Farm size had significant effect (P<0.05) on all reproductive traits (RT) except on service per conception and days open. The best reproductive performance (RP) was found in small size farm, good quality of feed, AI breeding method and preventive measure by veterinarian. Among the disorders, anoestrus, abortion, repeat breeding, retained placenta were most prevalent followed by dystocia, mastitis, vaginal prolapse, pyometra, metritis, uterine prolapse, milk fever, and still birth. The highest prevalence of reproductive disorders (RD) was found in intensive rearing system (39.8%). The prevalence of all RDs was higher in artificially inseminated cows (59.6%) than those bred by natural service (19.0%). Conclusion: The study revealed a lower RP of dairy cows and higher prevalence of RDs. The better reproductive performance was recorded in small than large and medium farms. Good quality of feed should be offered to dairy cow for better reproductive performance. Artificial insemination should also be preferred than natural service for better reproductive performance. Measures to control reproductive diseases should be undertaken in large herds and intensive housing system.

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Asymmetry of Height and Width of Ethmoid Sinus and Its Association with Chronic Sinusitis: A Cross Sectional Study

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1748

Author(s):

Mehrnoosh Mousaviagdas ◽

Nikzad Shahidi ◽

Shima Majidi ◽

Zhila Khamnian

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ethmoid Sinus ◽

T Test ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between chronic anterior sinusitis with the width and height of ethmoid sinus and also assess the ethmoid length and roof asymmetry in the Iranian adult population. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 422 patients who were referred with clinical signs of rhinosinusitis to the ENT Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Study participants were divided into healthy and sinusitis groups based on the level of sinus involvement. Computed tomography images were applied to calculate ethmoid height and width. A paired t-test was used to assess the roof and width asymmetry and an independent t-test was used to investigate the association between ethmoid height and width with the incidence of rhinosinusitis. Results: The mean age of sinusitis and healthy groups was 42.5±18.9 and 38.4±17.1 years, respectively. Of a total 422 subjects, 63.4% of whom were men. The overall prevalence of rhinosinusitis was 28.0%. We observed a statistically significant difference in terms of ethmoid height, and in both healthy and sinusitis group right ethmoid roof was statistically lower (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was observed between the left and right side regarding the ethmoid sinus width (P>0.05). We also estimated correlation coefficients for rhinosinusitis score and ethmoid sinus height and width, which were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the right side of the ethmoid roof was lower in comparison to the left side, and it should be fully understood and regarded in rhino sinus surgery. We also observed no association between sinusitis score and height and width of the ethmoid sinus. [GMJ.2020;9:e1748]

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