scholarly journals Why do consumers fail to follow waste segregation rules? What would motivate them to obey the regulations?

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stefańska ◽  
Gabriel Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Segregation

Most of empirical literature on participation in and choice of recycling at the household level has been focused on factors determining the direct cost for households engaging in recycling efforts (Czajkowski, Kądziela, & Hanley 2012; Huhtala, 2010, Jenkins, Martinez, Palmer, & Podolsky, 2003). Researchers noticed mixed findings in the literature on the significance of waste collection fees for recycling efforts. There is also a question as whether household recycling efforts represent a social cost, which should be taken into account in cost-benefit analyses of alternative waste treatment systems. Some argue that it should not be calculated, since recycling efforts are, to a large extent, voluntary. But on the other hand, households devote time to segregation, which is, in fact, an alternative cost (Bruvoll & Nyborg, 2002). One of the barriers of effective segregation seems to be a low level of awareness on recycling and segregation issues among households. That was also noticed in research conducted by Omran, Mahmood, Abdul Aziz and Robinson (2009). The aim of this case study is to recognise why citizens’ knowledge on waste segregation rules is not sufficient enough. Despite research results confirming rather limited consumer skills related to the subject, efficient methods to make people increase their awareness of what correct selective waste collection is, seem to remain still undiscovered. The students’ task is both to identify why mistakes in waste segregation are made, as well as to propose ways of helping citizens avoid them.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengasuh dalam Membantu Menerapkan Perilaku Disiplin pada Anak (Studi Kasus di Panti Asuhan Salib Putih Salatiga)

Satya Widya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Ika Wulansari
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Good Advice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This study aims to find out how caregivers in helping children to develop or build discipline from an early age conducted by 3 caregivers of the Orphanage of the White Cross on the Orphanage Children of the White Cross especially against one early childhood. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative with case study method, data collection by interview and data analysis with qualitative. In this study there are 3 subjects that help one child in building discipline. The results of the study show that the discipline of children is increasing from previously unattended discipline until now already have good discipline, in building discipline. The way in which the subject tends to be different from the other caregivers. Subjects do not use corporal punishment and it is done in a better way. The way the subject tends to be a subtle way with good advice, real stories, habits, good examples, daily schedules made, gift giving to children.  

Empirical Analyses of Deterrence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Quackenbush
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Deterrence is an important subject, and its study has spanned more than seven decades. Much research on deterrence has focused on a theoretical understanding of the subject. Particularly important is the distinction between classical deterrence theory and perfect deterrence theory. Other studies have employed empirical analyses. The empirical literature on deterrence developed at different times and took different approaches. The early empirical deterrence literature was highly limited for varying reasons. Much of the early case study literature did not seek to test deterrence theory. Early quantitative studies did seek to do so, but they were hampered by rudimentary methods, poor research design, and/or a disconnect between quantitative studies and formal theories of deterrence. Modern empirical research on deterrence has made great strides toward bridging the formal-quantitative divide in the study of deterrence and conducting theoretically driven case studies. Further, researchers have explored the effect of specific variables on deterrence, such as alliances, reputations and credibility, and nuclear weapons. Future empirical studies of deterrence should build on these modern developments. In addition, they should build on perfect deterrence theory, given its logical consistency and empirical support.

Prototype Theory in the Interpretation of Stereotypes (Case Study of Runet)

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhailovna Oleshkova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Center Periphery

Cognitive disciplines have developed an alternative view of the categorization process. The theory of E. Rosch, who became one of the key figures in cognitive science, is known under the name “The prototype theory of categorization and the notion of basic-level categories”. It suggests the dichotomy “center-periphery” which allows to hierarchize the best and the worst representatives of a given cate-gory, since the members of one category occupy different hierarchical positions in the consciousness of the subject. An element bearing a set of the most typical features characteristic of a given category is called a prototype. The basic level of categorization is of particular importance. At this level, the process of recognizing the members of categories is easier for the subject, since they are associated with gen-erally accepted understanding of a topic or issue, and have evolved naturally. In the context of the theory of prototypes, the present research reveals the features of the process of stereotypization as well as proposes the algorithm for analyzing stereo-types, with the help of which the subject stigmatizes 'the Other' and creates a simplified image of soci-ocultural reality.

scholarly journals NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE THE ENERGY AND FRACTAL DIMENSION OF THE DAILY ELECTRICAL LOAD

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050135
Author(s):  
HECTOR A. TABARES-OSPINA ◽  
FABIOLA ANGULO ◽  
MAURICIO OSORIO
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Box Counting ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Subject

This paper proposes a method to calculate the degree of fluctuation of the daily electrical load-curve using fractal dimension, which is a quantitative estimator of spatial complexity. The conventional methods for forecasting have not studied such a variable, being a new parameter that can be included to characterize the electrical load. The method of fractal dimension also allows us to propose a new numerical method to calculate the integral of a function, using the trapezoid rule, but splitting the curve with fractal segments, to discover other observations, which allows the elevation of new theoretical approaches. The results are compared with the other methods such as the conventional trapezoid rule and the box-counting. It is then a new contribution that expands the universal knowledge on the subject. The case study is the daily electrical load-curve, where the energy demanded corresponds to the area of the [Formula: see text] region bounded by the curve.

scholarly journals Verification of the technical feasibility of composting: case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Raounak Edderkaoui ◽  
Driss Khomsi ◽  
Ahmed Hamidi ◽  
Hicham Bennani Baiti ◽  
Hanane Souidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Metal Element ◽  
Low Levels

The aim of this work is to verify the technical feasibility of composting in the case of Marrakech prefecture. On the basis of waste composition and in accordance with the choice of the installation of Marrakech controlled landfill, composting has been considered as the most suitable waste treatment. To ensure the feasibility of composting, physicochemical analyses have been carried out on the fermentable part of waste; analyses on the content of metal elements have also been performed on the fine fraction, since the most important part is located in the same fraction. All parameters determined in the laboratory, have shown that optimal conditions to have good quality compost have been respected. The only restriction identified is the copper content, which should be less than 20 ppm. Generally the low levels of metal element content indicate that the storage and collection conditions of waste have not influenced their quality. On the other hand, the process must be properly controlled and managed, to produce high-quality compost.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment Method of Illegal Dumping in Small Rivers Case Study: NeamÈ› County, Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Illegal Dumping

Poor waste management facilities  from Romanian rural areas lead to uncontrolled waste disposal on improper sites. These bad practices are frequently   in the the proximity of built-up areas , therefore, the  small rivers inside these areas are susceptible  to waste dumping. The paper aims to develop  a quantitative  assessment  method  of waste disposed into  such small rivers from extra-Carpathian region of Neamț county. The lack of organized waste collection services from 2003 lead to high values of waste disposed in such rivers frequently over 15  t/yr  for each one. Despite some improvements compared to 2003 the small rivers inside  built-up areas of villages are still highly exposed to waste dumping. The values vary depending on demographic and geographic features of each locality and on the other side, due to the presence of an organized waste collection system.The results and  comparative analysis between 2003 and 2010 show some positive changes but the illegal dumping issue is far from being eliminated. 

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment Method of Illegal Dumping in Small Rivers Case Study: Neamţ County, Romania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Carpathian Region

Poor waste management facilities from Romanian rural areas lead touncontrolled waste disposal on improper sites. These bad practices arefrequently in the proximity of built-up areas , therefore, the small riversinside these areas are susceptible to waste dumping. The paper aims todevelop a quantitative assessment method of waste disposed into such smallrivers from extra-Carpathian region of Neam . The lack of organized waste collection servicesfrom 2003 lead to high values of waste disposed in such rivers frequentlyover 15 t/yr for each one. Despite some improvements compared to 2003 thesmall rivers inside built-up areas of villages are still highly exposed towaste dumping. The values vary depending on demographic and geographicfeatures of each locality and on the other side, due to the presence of anorganized waste collection system.The results and comparative analysisbetween 2003 and 2010 show some positive changes but the illegal dumpingissue is far from being eliminated.

British Control over the Export of war Materials

1939 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton Atwater
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arms Export

At a time when the subject of arms embargoes and arms export control is arousing considerable interest both at home and abroad, it is not untimely to examine the system of control which has developed in one of the chief arms producing and exporting countries of the world—Great Britain. Much attention has been devoted to the alleged evils of the international traffic in arms, and to the desirability of an effective government control over all armaments exports. Little consideration, on the other hand, has been given by writers to the question of how such control should be administered by a government, and what measures are actually involved. Taking the experience of Great Britain as a case study, the writer proposes in the following pages to trace the development of arms export control in that country, to examine the ways in which it has been administered, and to point out some of the difficulties which have been encountered. The present article may be looked upon, therefore, as a case study in the broader subject of national controls over the export of war materials.

Analyzing the relationship between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption in developing countries: case study of Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mashali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Petty Corruption

Corruption often spreads because of ignorance and lack of adequate knowledge about the subject as well as how to correct and contain it. On the other side, corrupt legal, political, bureaucratic, and other social system(s) help corruption swell further. The current article sets out to discuss the question: Is there is a relation between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption? In Iran, too, these two types of corruption have recently become debatable issues. And as in Iran, corruption has become the most challenging issue in many developing countries. With respect to the above relationship, while the theoretical literature makes ambiguous predictions, empiricists, too, have focused little on this subject. The present article tries to examine this issue systematically and, hence, suggests that the perceived grand corruption is significantly associated with the petty corruption. Similar results persist even when grand corruption originates in a country’s legal system. In a nutshell, the article identifies a positive correlation between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption.

Zeit und Handlung – Eine vergessene Theorie / Time and Action – A Forgotten Theory

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe work of VAUVENARGUES (1715-1747) contains the proposal to define action as a countermovement which is made necessary by the continuous vanishing of the present. This was, at his time, an unsuccessful theory because a moralistic and later an utilitarian concept of action prevailed. The sociological theory of action systems, on the other hand, began with a critique of the utilitarian conception of action systems and never arrived at any depth in apprehending the relation of time and action. This historical case study is used to discuss problems of the sociology of knowledge and of action theory as well. It is shown that theories with incommensurable conceptual bases (action as movement and action as event) can nevertheless be compared. And it is proposed to replace the subject/action scheme by a time/action scheme.

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