War and the Public Health Disaster in Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Scott Harding ◽  
Kathryn Libal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Targeted Violence ◽  
Systemic Health

This chapter addresses the systemic health and social consequences of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq. The war and subsequent destabilization of Iraqi society represent a continuation of structural violence against Iraqis initiated in the 1990s via economic sanctions. US military operations, and subsequent ethnic cleansing and other targeted violence by Iraqis, undermined local communities, created widespread suffering, and produced a significant human toll. While violence remains pervasive in Iraq, it accounts for only one aspect of a broader public health disaster. The conflict led to the “sectarianization” of public services, including healthcare, a brain drain of health professionals and educators, and the disintegration of one of the best healthcare systems in the Middle East. The deterioration of education and health systems, and more than two decades of forced migration of Iraqis to other countries, impede its long-term stability and reconstruction.

Conclusion: What academia can contribute to refugee policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idean Salehyan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Potential Risks

This conclusion to the special issue highlights the role of scholars in advancing the public discussion about forced migration. As countries around the world are adopting increasing restrictions on the entry of refugees, academic research can help to dispel some of the myths and apprehensions regarding the risks that forced migration entails. While refugees may be linked to conflict and violence in limited circumstances, the research generally demonstrates that robust international cooperation to manage refugee settlements, provide adequate humanitarian assistance, and integrate refugees into host communities, among other policies, can help to mitigate potential risks. Directions for future research and analysis are also discussed. Forced migration scholars should endeavor to collect more individual-level data; seek to understand factors that exacerbate or reduce security risks associated with cross-border militancy; conduct research on the long-term integration of refugees; and seek to understand the causes and consequences of resettlement and repatriation policies.

The Public Health Nurse and the Patient with Long-Term Illness

1956 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Ilse S. Wolff ◽  
Harriett Wilcoxson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Nurse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Nurse

Between the Waves: Building Power for a Public Option

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Public Health Insurance ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
The Waves

Abstract Given the close division of power in D.C., how might health reformers pursue their bolder aims? In particular, how might they pursue the robust public option that is a centerpiece of Joe Biden’s reform proposal? This ambitious plan, which would allow all Americans to enroll in subsidized public health insurance, is not in the cards right now. However, I argue for conceiving of it as an inspiring vision that can structure immediate initiatives designed to make its achievement more feasible. First, I explain just how far-reaching the mainstream vision of the public option now is. Second, I describe a self-reinforcing path to that endpoint that involves what I call “building power through policy”—using the openings that are likely to exist in the near term to reshape the political landscape for the long term. This path has three key steps: (1) pursuing immediate improvements in the ACA that are tangible and traceable yet do not work against the eventual creation of a public option; (2) building the necessary policy foundations for a public option, while encouraging progressive states to experiment with state public plan models; and (3) seeding and strengthening movements to press for more fundamental reform.

ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CLOSED MINING PERIMETERS IN MARAMUREȘ COUNTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Adina Bud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the context in which the closure of the mining in the Maramureş county took place by carrying out some inappropriate works that generated phenomena with a strong environmental impact through manifestations, physical and chemical in nature. The analysis performed so far shows that these events will amplify the environmental impact on the public health in the future, with long-term consequences.

Benzodiazepines Today and Tomorrow

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
John J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and related drugs are widely used for treating a variety of conditions (with varying degrees of evidence-base), but their long-term use (more than 2–4 weeks) can be problematic. They were originally thought (or claimed) to be nonproblematic substitutes for barbiturates, but it is now clear that they have their own set of problems. In addition, they are commonly, albeit ill-advisedly, co-prescribed or used nonmedically in combination with other drug substances. The result of such combinations, particularly with the opioids, can be lethal. Administrative and statutory actions notwithstanding, it appears that reducing problems with BZDs will depend on a comprehensive approach that includes improved education for patients, prescribers, regulators, insurers, and the public. First and foremost, however, there is a pressing need for the government to improve its drug-abuse data collection, specifically how it monitors drug-related morbidity and mortality. This chapter reviews the information that demonstrates how an understanding of all of the dynamics is essential for designing effective public-health strategies to reduce BZD-associated problems.

Fire and fear: Immediate and long-term health aspects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mitchem ◽  
Henrietta Harrison ◽  
Alex G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Smoke Plume ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Perceived Involvement ◽  
Significant Health

Fires can cause significant health concerns within local communities impacted by any associated smoke plume. This chapter discusses the potential public health concerns associated with fires, in particular fires at waste-processing installations. Using an example scenario, actions to be undertaken throughout the incident response, from initial acute phase to recovery, are considered, along with health concerns and fears, real or perceived, involvement of asbestos-contaminant material, multi-agency communication mechanisms, and potential issues associated with long-running fires. The multi-agency mechanisms for response are detailed, including the various coordinating groups (strategic, tactical, recovery coordinating groups (SCG, TCG, RCG, respectively), and expert cells (scientific and technical advisor cell, air quality cell (AQC)). Key points to note in the incident response include concerns raised by the local population, typical health effects associated with exposure to a smoke plume, and tools that support the response to the incident and the public health risk assessment.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Disasters on the Public Health System: A Multi-Case Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6251
Author(s):  
Nina Lorenzoni ◽  
Verena Stühlinger ◽  
Harald Stummer ◽  
Margit Raich
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Long Term Impact

As past events have shown, disasters can have a tremendous impact on the affected population’s health. However, research regarding the long-term impact on a systems level perspective is still scarce. In this multi-case study, we analyzed and compared the long-term impacts on the public health system of five disasters which took place in Europe: avalanche (Austria), terror attack (Spain), airplane crash (Luxembourg), cable-car tunnel fire (Austria), and a flood in Central Europe. We used a mixed-methods approach consisting of a document analysis and interviews with key stakeholders, to examine the various long-term impacts each of the disasters had on health-system performance, as well as on security and health protection. The results show manifold changes undertaken in the fields of psychosocial support, infrastructure, and contingency and preparedness planning. The holistic approach of this study shows the importance of analyzing long-term impacts from the perspective of the type (e.g., disasters associated with natural hazards) and characteristic (e.g., duration and extent) of a disaster, as well as the regional context where a disaster took place. However, the identified recurring themes demonstrate the opportunity of learning from case studies in order to customize the lessons and apply them to the own-disaster-management setting.

Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic: When Public Health and Tornado Threats Converge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Croskery ◽  
Kathleen Sherman-Morris ◽  
Michael E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Public Health Officials

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges that dramatically affected the way of life in the United States and globally in 2020. The pandemic also made the process of protecting individuals from tornadoes more challenging, especially when their personal residence lacks suitable shelter, particularly for residents of mobile homes. The necessity of having to shelter with other families – either in a public shelter or at another residence – in order to protect themselves from a tornado threat conflicted with the advice of public health officials who recommended avoiding public places and limiting contact with the public to minimize the spread of COVID-19. There was also a perception that protecting against one threat could amplify the other threat. A survey was undertaken with the public to determine the general viewpoint to see if that was indeed the case.The results found that it was possible to attenuate both threats provided that careful planning and actions were undertaken. Understanding how emergency managers should react and plan for such dual threats is important to minimize the spread of COVID-19 while also maintaining the safety of the public. As there was no precedence for tornado protection scenarios amidst a pandemic, both short-term and long-term recommendations were suggested which may also be useful in future pandemic situations.

Impact of Public Health Equalization on Residents’ Health and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province (2006–2015), China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Zhengyang Chen ◽  
Xinglong Xu ◽  
Dongfu Qian ◽  
Xiang Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Public

Abstract Public health equalization has a significant impact on residents’ health and economic growth. Recently, studies suggested the persistence of series of public health unequal issues in China, such as imbalanced government financial investment, unreasonable configuration of public health resources, etc. The healthcare system in Jiangsu province is a microcosm of the pattern of healthcare delivery in China. Identifying developmental differences in Jiangsu and consequential effect on healthcare output can serve as a good reference for comparing performance of healthcare facilities within China in general. Based on the Model of Health the Healthy Production from Grossman and Lucas’ New Endogenous Economic Growth Model, we selected data from China Statistical Yearbooks and Jiangsu Statistical Yearbooks. 13 cities in Jiangsu province were divided into three groups, categorized as economically developed areas, relatively economically developed areas and less-economically developed areas. The panel cointegration model and e PVECM PVECM error correction model based on E-G two-step method are utilized for empirical research. During the period of 2006–2015, there were differences between the short term effect and long term effect on regional development resulted by the public health equalization level of Jiangsu Province. In the short term, the healthcare investment equalization level has been improved, to a certain extent, which executes a certain promoting effect on the people’s health development and regional economic growth in the long term, which restraint the improvement and development of long term public health equalization level and stimulating on the residents’ health and economic growth. The government of China in general and Jiangsu province in particular could ensure the efficiency of public health human resources, reform the public hospital internal system and establish an effective competition system, aiming to improve the public health equalization and promote balanced development of residents’ health and economic growth.

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