Toxicological Assessment of Acetone Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes on Body Weight, Biochemical Parameters and Liver Histology of Wistar rats

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

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A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2021/5570206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽

Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽

Povi Lawson-Evi ◽

Yendubé T. Kantati ◽

Tchin Darré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

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Regulated Effects of Capsicum frutescens Supplemented Diet (C.F.S.D) on Fasting Blood Glucose Level, Biochemical Parameters and Body Weight in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.9734/bjpr/2013/3256 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 496-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ojieh Anthony

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽

Capsicum Frutescens

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TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9060719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽

Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽

Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽

Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽

Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

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Effects of the ingestion of different kinds of white grape juice (Vitis labrusca) during adolescence on body weight, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in liver of adult Wistar rats

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 110-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elenara Simoni Kovaleski ◽

Luciana Kneib Gonçalves ◽

Gabrielli Bortolato ◽

Jessica Pereira Marinho ◽

Luiz Fernando Lopes Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Vitis Labrusca ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Senna occidentalis Leaves on Haematological and Liver Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.53704/fujnas.v6i2.151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

OWOLARAFE TAJUDEEN ALOWONLE

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of Senna occindentalis leaves on some biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. Twenty albino rats equally divided into four experimental groups were used. One group served as control and received the carrier solvent treatment. Three test groups were treated with S. occidentalis extract at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed and blood collected for biochemical and haematological evaluation. Liver-body weight ratio was computed and liver histoarchitecture was investigated. The results showed that all haematological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected except the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume. There were also significant (P<0.05) alterations in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in the serum. No significant (P>0.05) alterations were observed in the computed liver-body weight ratio but marked alterations in histoarchitecture of the liver cells were present. These alterations in the haematological parameters, liver function enzymes and histological evaluation suggest a selective toxicity of the extract on the animals.

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EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF REUSED EDIBLE OILS ON VITAL ORGANS OF WISTAR RATS

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703532 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Shastry C. S. ◽

Patel Narendrakumar Ambalal ◽

Joshi Himanshu ◽

Aswathanarayana B. J.

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Edible Oils ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Serum Glutamate

Abstract Objective: Cooking oils (edible oils) are vegetable oils which are extensively used for cooking in India. These edible oils are rich in triglycerides, sterol, tocoferol, carotenes and pigments. Upon frying, edible oils gives rise to formation of free radicals and other harmful agents. The degraded products of oils generated while cooking produce unfavorable effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of reused edible oils (sunflower oil and palm oil) on vital organs of experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed fresh and reused edible oils - sunflower oil and palm oil (15 gm oil/100gm of feed consumed) and control group received normal food and water for a period of 8 weeks. The parameters studied include changes in physicochemical properties of reused oils, change in body weight of animals, plasma lipid profile, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. Results: The result showed the change in physicochemical characteristics of reused oils. The animals fed with fresh and reused palm oil significant increase the body weight while reused sunflower oil fed group showed decrease significantly. The biochemical parameters, SGPT (serum glutamate–pyruvate transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamate- oxaloacetate transaminase), and ALP (alkaline phoshphatase) were increased in reused oils fed groups. The histopathological study showed the change in size of liver, heart, kidney and testes cells in reused oil groups. Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that reused sunflower oil and palm oil, can be toxic and can cause considerable damage to the vital organs of the experimental animals.

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Dose-dependent effect of N′-Nitrosodiethylamine on hepatic architecture, RBC rheology and polypeptide repertoire in Wistar rats

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.1515/intox-2015-0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Devoshree Mukherjee ◽

Riaz Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Target Cells ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Sds Page ◽

Liver Biopsies ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract N′-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is an effective hepatotoxicant, carcinogen and mutagen. NDEA-induced hepatic necrosis, through metabolic activation by CYP2E1, is an extensively used experimental model. In the present study, we analysed the dose- and time-dependent effect of NDEA on hepatic damage, RBC rheology and proteomic profile in male Wistar rats. The rats, 5–6 weeks old, were divided into four groups: Group-1 served as control and received normal saline, Group-2 received a single dose of 200 mg/kg body weight NDEA intraperitoneally (i.p.) and the animals were sacrificed after one week; the rats of Group-3 received a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight NDEA and were sacrificed after one week; Group-4 received 100 mg/kg body weight/wk NDEA for two weeks and were then sacrificed. Various biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin were determined. Further, RBC rheology, histopathology (H&E staining) of liver biopsies and polypeptide profiling (SDS-PAGE) in sera and liver sections were also carried out both in control and NDEA treated groups. Our results showed a significant increase in all the biochemical parameters of the liver function test (p<0.05). In NDEA treated categories dacryocytes (tear drop cells), schistocytes (fragmented cells), codocytes (target cells), acanthocytes (spur cells) and ovalocytes (oval cells) were observed. H & E stained liver biopsies treated with NDEA showed abnormal liver architecture with severe haemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltration and dysplastic hepatocytes manifested in a dose-dependent manner. Software analysis of SDS-PAGE of control and NDEA treated rat sera and liver revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in polypeptide composition. Based on the presence/absence, polypeptides were classified in three different categories: (1) house-keeping, present in all the groups investigated; (2) novel, present in either control or NDEA treated group at any given time; (3) differential expression, showing quantitative differences. Our study indicates a dose and time-dependent hepatocellular damage and proteome profile which is likely due to NDEA-mediated oxidative stress in rats.

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Toxicity and bacterial anti-motility activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) leaves

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03348-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

René Dofini Magnini ◽

Mathieu Nitiéma ◽

Geoffroy G. Ouédraogo ◽

Sylvain Ilboudo ◽

Alimata Bancé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Acacia Senegal ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Abstract Background Acacia senegal is a plant traditionally used for its various properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, our team has demonstrated the ability of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves to increase the activity of phenicol antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicological effects of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the bacterial mobility of Gram-negative bacteria, in order to evaluate the level of safety use of this plant. Methods The cytotoxicity test was performed using the neutral red absorption method. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on NMRI mice and Wistar rats. The behaviour and adverse effects were recorded during the 14 days of the acute study. For the subacute test, biochemical parameters, food and water consumption, and morphological parameters were determined. The anti-motility activities were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Escherichia coli AG100, using specific concentrations of Agar as required by the method. Results HEASG induced inhibition of keratinocytes cell growth with an IC50 of 1302 ± 60 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study in mice, the single dose of extract of 2000 mg/kg body weight caused no deaths and no behavioural changes were observed; therefore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of HEASG was calculated to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In Wistar rats, no mortality was observed at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during the 28-day subacute oral toxicity study. The weights of both females and males increased globally over time, regardless of the batch. No statistically significant differences were registered for organ weights and biochemical parameters, except for chloride for biochemical parameters. Water and food consumption did not change significantly. Furthermore, no macroscopic changes in organ appearance were observed. Regarding anti-motility activity, the extract has reduced the swarming motility of PA01 and AG100 significantly at the concentration of 32 μg/mL (P < 0.001). The extract has reduced the swimming motility (P < 0.01) of PA01 but not AG100. Conclusions The results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of A. senegal leaves has significant activity against bacterial motility and relatively low toxicity.

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