scholarly journals Improving Business Investment Confidence in Culture-Aligned Indigenous Economies in Remote Australian Communities: A Business Support Framework to Better Inform Government Programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Aquaculture Development

There is significant evidence that culture-aligned economies are more effective in engaging remote-living Indigenous Australians in work long-term. Despite this evidence, governments remain resistant to investing substantially in these economies, with the result that low employment rates persist. This article argues that governmental systems of organisation are not designed to support non-mainstream economies and this position is unlikely to change. Similarly, the commercial sector lacks confidence that investing in culture-aligned economies will generate financial returns. This article presents a localised, pragmatic approach to Indigenous business support that works within existing systems of government, business and culture. Most unsuccessful programs fail to recognise the full suite of critical factors for sustained market engagement by both business and Indigenous people. This article reports on work to bring all critical factors together into a business support framework to inform the design and implementation of an aquaculture development program in a remote Indigenous Australian community.

COVID-19 and cancer: Strategic health promotion for indigenous Australians during a pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24028-e24028
Author(s):  
Carolyn Der Vartanian ◽  
Vivienne Milch ◽  
Gail Garvey ◽  
Cleola Anderiesz ◽  
Jane Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
The Impact

e24028 Background: Given the impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous and ethnic minority populations observed globally, keeping COVID-19 out of vulnerable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous Australian) communities remains a priority. Compared to non-Indigenous Australians, Indigenous Australians experience disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes due to social disadvantage, increased cancer-related modifiable risk factors, poorer access to health services and lower participation in screening. During the pandemic, cancer-related investigations and treatment reduced significantly in Australia, leading to potential decreases in cancer diagnoses and consequences for future survival outcomes. Concerned about the risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 for Indigenous Australians, as well as worsening cancer outcomes, Cancer Australia undertook strategic health promotion initiatives, to inform and support optimal cancer care. Methods: In consultation with respected Indigenous colleagues to ensure cultural appropriateness of language and information, we published a dedicated webpage titled ‘ Cancer and COVID-19 – what it means for our Mob*’ with tailored information, advice, and links to key resources and support services for Indigenous Australians. We also released a video titled ‘ Act early for our Mob’s Health’, providing targeted, culturally appropriate, consumer-friendly information to encourage Indigenous Australians to see their doctor or Aboriginal Health Worker with symptoms that may be due to cancer. Results: The information hub has been well-received among the Indigenous Australian community, receiving over 3,200 visits, and the social media campaigns have received over 1.4 million impressions and 46,000 video views between mid-March 2020 to mid-February 2021. This campaign has supported proactivity among the Indigenous population in keeping their communities safe during the pandemic, maintaining a population rate of COVID-19 of less than one percent of all confirmed cases in Australia. Conclusions: Culturally appropriate information and resources developed through the process of co-design can help to influence positive health behaviour change in Indigenous populations. We predict that our strategic, multi-channel health promotion campaign is contributing to keeping the Indigenous Australian community safe and informed during the pandemic, with additional work needed to monitor cancer rates and outcomes and address the ongoing information needs of the community. *Mob is a colloquial term to identify a group of Indigenous Australians associated with a family or community from a certain place.

Indigenous Studies: Tool of Empowerment Within the Academe

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (S1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

AbstractIn this paper, I consider the importance of Indigenous studies programs, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as critical elements in enabling Indigenous Australian students to engage in the academe in ways that not only allow them to empower themselves, but, ultimately, to become effective change agents within both their own and the wider Australian community. While this paper will highlight the challenges that Indigenous Australians face in their engagement within the university learning environment, it will also reveal the increasingly successful outcomes that are being achieved. A particular focus of the paper will be to acknowledge higher education as a tool of empowerment – a process that enables people to identify and address their own issues, and to use such knowledge and understanding as the platform for personal, positive growth. Finally this paper will contextualise higher education from within an Indigenous perspective to demonstrate how Indigenous studies not only contributes to the empowerment of the individual but also has a critical role in ultimately re-positioning Indigenous Australians in the wider Australian society.

Adaptive Development of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) Chemical Control Recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-283
Author(s):  
Travis L. Almquist ◽  
Katie L. Wirt ◽  
Jason W. Adams ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
Yellow Toadflax ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Adaptive Development

AbstractYellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.) infestations in North Dakota increased 300-fold from 1997 to 2011, when the plant was added to the state noxious weed list. Long-term control of other invasive species had included biological control agents, but no effective agents for yellow toadflax had been identified, so a control program using herbicides was needed. The objective was to shift from short-term control with picloram applied in the fall at maximum allowed rates to long-term management with minimal nontarget species impact with an adaptive management approach. Yellow toadflax control was increased from an average of 64% with picloram at 1,120 g ha−1 alone 12 mo after treatment (MAT) to over 90% when applied with diflufenzopyr while the picloram rate was reduced 50%. Yellow toadflax control with aminocyclopyrachlor applied at 140 g ha−1 ranged from 91 to 49% 12 MAT when applied in June or September, respectively. In contrast, yellow toadflax control with picloram plus dicamba plus diflufenzopyr averaged > 90% regardless of application date during the growing season. Land managers now have at least two options for long-term yellow toadflax control with a wide window of application timing. The goal of replacing a single high-use–rate herbicide treatment was met but both picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor can injure many desirable forbs. However, application timing can now be adjusted to have the least impact on nontarget species. The adaptive development program led to a 58% reduction in yellow toadflax infestations in North Dakota by 2014.

scholarly journals Occurrence and timely management of problems requiring prompt intervention among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous Australian palliative care patients: a multijurisdictional cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042268
Author(s):  
John A Woods ◽  
Judith M Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Claire E Johnson ◽  
Sandra C Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Similar Frequency

ObjectivesAnticipation and prompt relief of symptoms among patients with a life-limiting illness is a core element of palliative care. Indigenous Australians commonly encounter cultural barriers in healthcare that may impair outcomes. The Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration collects patient care data for the purposes of continuous quality improvement and benchmarking, with each recorded care episode divided into phases that reflect a patient’s condition. We aimed to investigate differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in the occurrence and duration of ‘unstable’ phases (which indicate unanticipated deterioration in a patient’s condition or circumstances), and determine attainment of the relevant benchmark (resolution of unstable phases in ≤3 days in 90% of cases) for both groups.DesignCohort study.SettingAustralia-wide hospital-based and community-based specialist palliative care (1 January 2010 to 30 June 2015).Participants139 556 (1502 Indigenous and 138 054 non-Indigenous) adult patients.Outcome measuresIndigenous and non-Indigenous patients were compared on (1) the risk of a phase being categorised as unstable, (2) the duration of unstable phases, and (3) the risk of unstable phases being prolonged (>3 days). Crude and adjusted estimates were produced from three-level robust Poisson regression and complementary log-log discrete time survival models.ResultsUnstable phases occurred with similar frequency overall among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients (adjusted relative risks 1.06; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11; not significant after correction for multiple comparisons). The duration and risk of prolongation of unstable phases were similar in both patient groups, with no significant differences evident among subgroups. The benchmark was not met for either Indigenous or non-Indigenous patients (unstable phase duration >3 days in 24.3% vs 25.5%; p=0.398).ConclusionsDespite well-documented shortcomings of healthcare for Indigenous Australians, there is no clear evidence of greater occurrence or prolongation of unanticipated problems among Indigenous patients accessing specialist palliative care services in hospital or the community.

Supergene degeneration opposes polymorphism: The curious case of balanced lethals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Berdan ◽  
Alexandre Blanckaert ◽  
Roger K Butlin ◽  
Thomas Flatt ◽  
Tanja Slotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Mutation Accumulation ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Allopatric Divergence

Supergenes offer some of the most spectacular examples of long-term balancing selection in nature but their origin and maintenance remain a mystery. A critical aspect of supergenes is reduced recombination between arrangements. Reduced recombination protects adaptive multi-trait phenotypes, but can also lead to degeneration through mutation accumulation. Mutation accumulation can stabilize the system through the emergence of associative overdominance (AOD), destabilize the system, or lead to new evolutionary outcomes. One such outcome is the formation of balanced lethal systems, a maladaptive system where both supergene arrangements have accumulated deleterious mutations to the extent that both homozygotes are inviable, leaving only heterozygotes to reproduce. Here, we perform a simulation study to understand the conditions under which these different outcomes occur, assuming a scenario of introgression after allopatric divergence. We found that AOD aids the invasion of a new supergene arrangement and the establishment of a polymorphism. However, this polymorphism is easily destabilized by further mutation accumulation. While degradation may strengthen AOD, thereby stabilizing the supergene polymorphism, it is often asymmetric, which is the key disrupter of the quasi-equilibrium state of the polymorphism. Furthermore, mechanisms that accelerate degeneration also tend to amplify asymmetric mutation accumulation between the supergene arrangements and vice versa. As the evolution of a balanced lethal system requires symmetric degradation of both arrangements, this leaves highly restricted conditions under which such a system could evolve. We show that small population size and low dominance coefficients are critical factors, as these reduce the efficacy of selection. The dichotomy between the persistence of a polymorphism and degradation of supergene arrangements likely underlies the rarity of balanced lethal systems in nature.

scholarly journals LEGAL CERTAINTY CHANNELING FUNDS RURAL AGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AGRIBUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asril Tinambunan ◽  
Martin Roestamy
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
To Receive

One of the government programs in overcoming the limited access of farmers to capital is through the Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP). However, in the implementation there are irregularities that have impeded of the PUAP Program so as to create legal uncertainty. The purpose of this research is to know the mechanism of distribution, management and development of legal institution of Micro Finance Institution of Agribusiness (MFI-A). The research method used is the sociological juridical approach to find out the mechanism of channeling PUAP funds and the development of MFI-A. This research is also supported by normative approach on the data of legal material in the form of Law Number 19 of 2013 and Act Number 1 of 2013. The mechanism of distributing PUAP funding that is just, effective and targeted is done by selection and verification. Selection is done by selecting Gapoktan to be nominated to receive PUAP. Furthermore, field verification conducted by the District Technical Team. Management of MFI-A as development of Gapoktan saving and loan business unit is done by developing LKM-A product, managing risk, establishing organizational structure and SOP, and using information and computerization system. The form of legal entity in the future for the most suitable MFI-A is a savings and loan cooperative.Keywords: Legal Certainty, PUAP, Gapoktan, and MFI-A

scholarly journals The long-term impact of employment bans on the economic integration of refugees

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. eaap9519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Marbach ◽  
Jens Hainmueller ◽  
Dominik Hangartner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Long Term Impact

Many European countries impose employment bans that prevent asylum seekers from entering the local labor market for a certain waiting period upon arrival. We provide evidence on the long-term effects of these employment bans on the subsequent economic integration of refugees. We leverage a natural experiment in Germany, where a court ruling prompted a reduction in the length of the employment ban. We find that, 5 years after the waiting period was reduced, employment rates were about 20 percentage points lower for refugees who, upon arrival, had to wait for an additional 7 months before they were allowed to enter the labor market. It took up to 10 years for this employment gap to disappear. Our findings suggest that longer employment bans considerably slowed down the economic integration of refugees and reduced their motivation to integrate early on after arrival. A marginal social cost analysis for the study sample suggests that this employment ban cost German taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, on average, in terms of welfare expenditures and foregone tax revenues from unemployed refugees.

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