scholarly journals The Colombian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología) in the 21st Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Hernando Gaitán-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
On Line ◽  
Conventional Classroom

<p>The 21st century has brought with it many changes to our contemporary society. These changes are expressed in different ways, including the way we communicate, our life style, climate conditions, and short and medium term societal concerns.</p><p><br />In today’s word, the Internet is our primary means of communication. Social media like Twitter are the fastest way to share the news: today, for example, the Mayor elect of Bogota (Colombia) twitted the names of his cabinet members (1). Young people use Facebook as the main way to communicate, and apps such as Skype, Hangouts or WhatsApp are growing in popularity because of their ease and versatility, considering that they can be used in tablets and smart phones (2). In the field of healthcare, patients are increasingly keen to find information about aspects of the treatment and prognosis for their health conditions. They search for sources of information on the Web and, therefore, play a more active role in decision-making regarding the management of their conditions. On the other hand, in the field of continuing medical education, on-line lectures are used with growing frequency instead of, or as complement to, conventional classroom lectures, given their potential to reach larger audiences and their ability to accomodate different time schedules and allow for varying degrees of interactivity (3).</p>

Aspects of the Evolution of the Romanian Tourists’ Preferences Concerning the Domestic Tourist Destinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.

scholarly journals Agriculture and land use in the North of Russia: Case study of Karelia and Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Sidorova ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic

AbstractDespite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being affected by seasonality, but vary in the degree of its influence. Geographical location plays special role, and weaknesses caused by remoteness to some extent become advantage as in Yakutia. Proximity effect is controversial. In Karelia, impact of neighboring Finland is insignificant compared with the nearby second Russian city – Saint Petersburg.

Quarterly Chronicle and Documentation  (April-June 2004)

2004 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 852-882
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
British Broadcasting Corporation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
On Line

SourcesThe principal sources of information on which this chronicle is based are British Broadcasting Corporation, Monitoring Global News line – Asia-Pacific Political and British Broadcasting Corporation, Monitoring Global News line – Asia-Pacific Economic. These sources, now only available on-line, do not have reference numbers and are only identifiable by date of publication of material. The inclusion of each of these dates would unnecessarily clutter the text and such dates have therefore been omitted, except, at many points, for the original sources from which the BBC reports themselves are taken.

The Policy Capacity of Bureaucracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma Shubham ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Xun Wu
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Policy Capacity ◽  
The Individual

Bureaucracy is one of the oldest institutions of a government system. Its role and importance have grown immensely in modern government systems. Bureaucrats or public administrators are indispensable in the policy decision making process in the 21st century. From the early conception as a branch of government responsible for the implementation of policy decisions and everyday functioning, bureaucracy has assumed a more active role in the policymaking process. It has gone through many reforms; however, these reforms have been largely incremental and static. While the external environment or the problems faced by bureaucracy is continuously evolving, the change in bureaucracy has not been in the same proportion. In the 21st century, many issues confronting bureaucracy are not only wicked but also global in nature. Moreover, challenges posed by technological disruptions and long-term processes such as climate change put bureaucracy at all levels of a government in a far trickier position than their earlier envisaged basic functions. In dealing with such challenges, the policy capacity of bureaucracy cannot be taken for granted. There are often significant gaps in capacity to anticipate a policy problem, to ensure coordination and preserve legitimacy, to translate global issues at local levels, and to learn from the past. It is crucial to strengthen analytical capacity at the individual and organizational level, operational capacity at the organizational level, and political capacity at the systems level to address these gaps. Tackling capacity gaps systematically would enable bureaucracy to design and implement policy and administrative reforms with a long-term vision of adaptation and evolution instead of merely in reactive mode. The policy capacity framework presented in this article is useful in identifying the capacity gaps that inhibit bureaucracy from evolving and the remedies to address these gaps.

Eliminating Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Clement Chimezie Igbokwe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Martin Luther King

Slavery and slave trade gave birth to racism and society has been struggling towards its prevention and possible elimination with little success. Martin Luther King Jr wrote in his letter from the Birmingham jail: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.” Until this undeniable fact is understood and emphasized our contemporary society is heading towards a state of an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. It is obvious that all fingers are not equal but that does not negate the fact that all men irrespective of colour or race are created equal—configured with brain, flesh, water, and blood. Racial discrimination is a moral and systemic sin that must be confronted and vehemently condemned. The main thrust of this paper is to expose various forms of racial discrimination ravaging the contemporary society with a view to postulating ideas geared towards its prevention and possible elimination. Relying on observational and historical methods, relevant data required will be elicited. The paper identified among other things that racism is resurging in the 21st century to a threatening dimension that if a coordinated action is not urgently taken, it will result into an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. The researcher therefore recommends the need to reemphasize respect and tolerance for all humanity.

scholarly journals Potential shift from a carbon sink to a source in Amazonian peatlands under a changing climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (49) ◽  
pp. 12407-12412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Wang ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang ◽  
Outi Lähteenoja ◽  
Frederick C. Draper ◽  
Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Soil Carbon Density ◽  
Increasing Precipitation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Amazonian peatlands store a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC), and its fate under a future changing climate is unknown. Here, we use a process-based peatland biogeochemistry model to quantify the carbon accumulation for peatland and nonpeatland ecosystems in the Pastaza-Marañon foreland basin (PMFB) in the Peruvian Amazon from 12,000 y before present to AD 2100. Model simulations indicate that warming accelerates peat SOC loss, while increasing precipitation accelerates peat SOC accumulation at millennial time scales. The uncertain parameters and spatial variation of climate are significant sources of uncertainty to modeled peat carbon accumulation. Under warmer and presumably wetter conditions over the 21st century, SOC accumulation rate in the PMFB slows down to 7.9 (4.3–12.2) g⋅C⋅m−2⋅y−1 from the current rate of 16.1 (9.1–23.7) g⋅C⋅m−2⋅y−1, and the region may turn into a carbon source to the atmosphere at −53.3 (−66.8 to −41.2) g⋅C⋅m−2⋅y−1 (negative indicates source), depending on the level of warming. Peatland ecosystems show a higher vulnerability than nonpeatland ecosystems, as indicated by the ratio of their soil carbon density changes (ranging from 3.9 to 5.8). This is primarily due to larger peatlands carbon stocks and more dramatic responses of their aerobic and anaerobic decompositions in comparison with nonpeatland ecosystems under future climate conditions. Peatland and nonpeatland soils in the PMFB may lose up to 0.4 (0.32–0.52) Pg⋅C by AD 2100 with the largest loss from palm swamp. The carbon-dense Amazonian peatland may switch from a current carbon sink into a source in the 21st century.

Inuit vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Pearce ◽  
Barry Smit ◽  
Frank Duerden ◽  
James D. Ford ◽  
Annie Goose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Climate Conditions

ABSTRACTClimate change is already being experienced in the Arctic with implications for ecosystems and the communities that depend on them. This paper argues that an assessment of community vulnerability to climate change requires knowledge of past experience with climate conditions, responses to climatic variations, future climate change projections, and non-climate factors that influence people's susceptibility and adaptive capacity. The paper documents and describes exposure sensitivities to climate change experienced in the community of Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories and the adaptive strategies employed. It is based on collaborative research involving semi-structured interviews, secondary sources of information, and participant observations. In the context of subsistence hunting, changes in temperature, seasonal patterns (for example timing and nature of the spring melt), sea ice and wind dynamics, and weather variability have affected the health and availability of some species of wildlife important for subsistence and have exacerbated risks associated with hunting and travel. Inuit in Ulukhaktok are coping with these changes by taking extra precautions when travelling, shifting modes of transportation, travel routes and hunting areas to deal with changing trail conditions, switching species harvested, and supplementing their diet with store bought foods. Limited access to capital resources, changing levels of traditional knowledge and land skills, and substance abuse were identified as key constraints to adaptation. The research demonstrates the need to consider the perspectives and experiences of local people for climate change research to have practical relevance to Arctic communities such as for the development and promotion of adaptive strategies.

scholarly journals Stratégies de prise de notes à l'aide d'une tablette électronique chez des étudiants du secondaire | Digital Tablet Note-Taking Strategies among High School Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Giroux ◽  
Diane Gauthier ◽  
Nadia Cody ◽  
Sandra Coulombe ◽  
Andréanne Gagné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Ict Integration ◽  
School Students ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Digital Tablet

Both media and digital literacies are essential for the 21st century. Consequently, several governments have integrated technologies with school curriculums. Recently, ICT integration efforts, particularly with the digital tablet, have multiplied. Several academic uses of the tablet are explored, and some raise questions. This is the case of note taking as viewed in a single Quebec high school. Which application should students use, and should it be the same one for all subjects? Is it effective? Which strategies should be promoted? These are not trivial questions where educational success is concerned. Whereas note taking using certain technological tools has already been studied, little research has focused on with the use of a digital tablet. Students who use a tablet daily were asked a series of questions related to note taking. Our analysis suggests that teachers should play an active role in the appropriation of this tool.Les littératies médiatique et numérique sont essentielles pour le 21e siècle. Plusieurs gouvernements les intègrent par conséquent aux curriculums scolaires. Actuellement, les efforts d’intégration de la tablette numérique se multiplient. Plusieurs usages scolaires sont cités et certains soulèvent des interrogations. C’est le cas de la prise de notes qui soulève des questions auprès de plusieurs enseignants d’une école secondaire québécoise. Avec quelle application? Une seule? Toujours la même? Dans toutes les matières ? Est-ce efficace? Quelles stratégies de prise de notes doit-on favoriser? Ces questions sont importantes pour la réussite scolaire. La prise de notes à l’aide d’outils technologiques a déjà fait l’objet d’études lors de l’intégration d’autres technologies mais peu de recherches se sont intéressées à cette stratégie d’apprentissage avec les tablettes numériques. Un questionnaire a été rempli par des étudiants du secondaire qui utilisent la tablette quotidiennement. L’analyse des résultats montre que les enseignants doivent jouer un rôle actif dans l'appropriation de cet outil.

scholarly journals Projected changes in winter climate in Beskids Mountains during 21st century

Beskydy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Aleš Farda ◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
Pavel Zahradníček ◽  
Petr Skalák ◽  
Jan Meitner
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Balance Budget ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Projected Changes

We have investigated the future changes of climate conditions during the winter season in the Beskids Mountains. During the 21st century mean winter temperature will increase by 2.0–6.3 °C and winter precipitation will increase by 12.5 – to 17.5 % - depending on the scenario. Higher winter temperatures will be reflected in the reduced number of frost days, the number of which may drop by 40 % according to the RCP8.5 scenario. Whilst our study expects general increase in precipitation, higher temperatures will lead to an increased evapotranspiration and also change in the form of precipitation from solid (snow, rime) to liquid (rain, drizzling). Such trends could further propel the unfavorable changes in the water balance budget.

scholarly journals “McDONALDIZED” EDUCATION: IN A FAST, CHEAP AND EASY WAY, BUT INEFFECTIVELY

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Vincentas Lamanauskas
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Good Life ◽  
University Education ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
International Level ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Time Period

We live in such time period when there is a wish to get everything quickly and desirably for free. And, the quicker, the better. This applies to education as well. In fact, it is depreciated. Often it is said, that education does not add wisdom. There is some truth in this statement. If we speak about pseudo education acquired in any way and anywhere, then yes. However, a good, proper education is the outcome of rationality. These are related things, determining each other. It is thought, that today everything is rapidly changing, it is impossible, and there is no need of funda-mental “lifelong” education. This is an illusion, which does not let us see the essence. And a lot do not want and are incapable to see it. Like the house which can’t stand without good foundation, human’s good life is impossible without good education. The same can be said about society as a whole. Educated society is a warrant of state’s prosperity. Knowledge, abilities, values is, indeed, the true foundation of good education. A proper combination of these three components guarantees good education. Moreover, it would be nice if this component would entirely become integrated into given diplomas. Unfortunately, it has to be stated once again, that universities oriented or being oriented only to providing service will never be able to guarantee such integration. Thus, more or less it is agreed on an international level, that our contemporary society is not properly ready for the challenges of the 21st century. “A quick diploma” does not guarantee any-thing, in fact – neither individual nor society progress. Universities, being oriented only to giving “quick diplomas” are condemned. Education is not a game and universities are not “sandpits”. Unfortunately, it makes an im-pression that the number of “sandpits” is increasing, and wishing to play in them are getting more and more. We can be taught by others, but we can get educated only ourselves. An educated man is an independent man, knowing himself and making his own decisions. An educated nation is a na-tion knowing itself, independent and making its own decisions independently. Key words: educated people, education policy, educated nation, university education system.

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