The allocation of carbohydrates from vegetable raw materials and their identification with the use of capillary electrophoresis

Relevance. Carbohydrates are integral components of the cells and tissues of all living organisms of the plant and animal world; they are important components of the plant cell walls, as well as the extracellular matrix of animal and human tissues. The type of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides determines their biological functions for the organism. However, it is difficult to establish the relationship between the structure of the carbohydrate molecule and its biological function.Methods. In this article, the author provides an overview of methods for identifying the monosaccharide composition of plant polymers by capillary electrophoresis, in order to optimize the sample preparation procedure and the conditions of analysis. A scheme for the stepwise release of polysaccharides from raw materials is given: the isolation of soluble monosaccharides and polysaccharides, the extraction of the pectin fraction, the extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses, in order to study the composition of each fraction. A procedure for acid hydrolysis of polymers to monosaccharides using oxidizing agents such as sulfuric and trifluoroacetic acid is described. In the final part of the article, three different schemes for the identification of the monosaccharide composition were analyzed, namely, separation of the components under strongly alkaline conditions, preliminary derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, preliminary preparation of (S) (-) α-methylbenzylamine S-PEA) derivatives.Results or Findings. An analysis of the literature shows that the composition of polysaccharides is widely studied by various methods. At the same time, a number of problems remain associated with the implementation of these methods in terms of sample preparation and identification of all monosaccharides characteristic of the studied raw materials. The method of capillary electrophoresis can solve some of these problems; however, little has been studied. The study of carbohydrates in plant objects begins with the procedure for extracting carbohydrates (polysaccharides and monosaccharides) from the plant matrix, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, and subsequent identification using the CE method. The optimization of this scheme of the CE method for determining the composition of polysaccharides is an urgent scientific task.

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Engineering in the technology of manufacture of extruded feed additives

UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE ◽

10.31521/2313-092x/2021-1(109)-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

K. Kostetska ◽

◽

I. Ulianych ◽

V. Zheliezna ◽

M. Holubiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Special Means ◽

Preliminary Preparation ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Extruded Feed ◽

Extrusion Technology ◽

Technology Of Production

Engineering in the technology of manufacture of extruded feed additives The aim of the work was to expand the range of animal feed and improve the technology of production of extruded feed mixture. Technology of use of preliminary preparation of raw materials: cleaning, reduction of quantity, its dosing according to the recipe, change and special means for improvement of technological authorities and increase of fodder value from processes: preliminary mixing, settling and extrusion of the mixture, cooling and grinding of the product depending on the purpose of the fodder Keywords: grain, fruit and vegetable raw materials, feed additives, extrusion technology, engineering.

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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BASES OF PROCESS OF EXTRACTION OF PECTINACEOUS SUBSTANCES OF APPLE RAW MATERIALS

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.5-6.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Л.В. ДОНЧЕНКО ◽

Е.А. КРАСНОСЕЛОВА

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Relevant Task ◽

Analysis Of Results ◽

Technological Stage ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Coefficient Of Diffusion ◽

Pectin Substances

Статья посвящена актуальной задаче – разработке физико-химических основ процесса извлечения пектиновых веществ из яблочного сырья. На основе анализа результатов теоретических и экспериментальных исследований изучены основные технологические факторы, влияющие на эффективность процесса извлечения пектина из одного из основных видов растительного сырья – яблочных выжимок. Предложено рассматривать извлечение пектина как процесс, состоящий из трех основных стадий: подготовки сырья к гидролизу протопектина, гидролиза и экстрагирования гидратопектина. Установлены технологические требования и факторы для каждой технологической стадии процесса. Определен основной кинетический коэффициент процесса – коэффициент диффузии пектиновых веществ D. В результате улучшения массообменных условий при проведении процесса извлечения пектиновых веществ из растительного сырья увеличен выход целевого вещества из единицы перерабатываемого промышленного сырья. Article is devoted to a relevant task – development of physical and chemical bases of process of extraction of pectin substances of apple raw materials. On the basis of the analysis of results of theoretical and pilot studies the major technology factors influencing efficiency of process of extraction of pectin of one of main types of vegetable raw materials – an apple pomace are studied. It is offered to consider pectin extraction as the process consisting of three main stages: preparation of raw materials for hydrolysis of protopectin, hydrolysis and extraction of a gidratopektin. Technological requirements and factors for each technological stage of the process are established. The main kinetic coefficient of process – coefficient of diffusion of pectin substances D is has been defined. As a result of improvement of mass exchanged conditions when carrying out process of extraction of pectinaceous substances of vegetable raw materials an exit of target substance from unit of the processed industrial raw materials is increased.

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ENZYMATIС ACTIVITY OF BACTERIA FROM GENUS BACILLUSDURING HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH-CONTAINING VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

Bulletin of KSAU ◽

10.36718/1819-4036-2021-5-174-179 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174-179

Author(s):

Natalya V. Donkova ◽

Sergei A. Donkov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Chitooligosaccharide and Its Derivatives: Preparation and Biological Applications

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/654913 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Gaurav Lodhi ◽

Yon-Suk Kim ◽

Jin-Woo Hwang ◽

Se-Kwon Kim ◽

You-Jin Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Functional Activities ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Chemical Hydrolysis ◽

Natural Polysaccharide ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Chitin is a natural polysaccharide of major importance. This biopolymer is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms; considering the amount of chitin produced annually in the world, it is the most abundant polymer after cellulose. The most important derivative of chitin is chitosan, obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin under alkaline conditions or by enzymatic hydrolysis. Chitin and chitosan are known to have important functional activities but poor solubility makes them difficult to use in food and biomedicinal applications. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin prepared by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of chitosan. The greater solubility and low viscosity of COS have attracted the interest of many researchers to utilize COS and their derivatives for various biomedical applications. In light of the recent interest in the biomedical applications of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives, this review focuses on the preparation and biological activities of chitin, chitosan, COS, and their derivatives.

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OPTIMIZATION OF WHEAT BRAN MEDIUM PROCESSING CONDITIONS, ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL VALUE FOR SACCHAROMYCES

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v3.638 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 455-460

Author(s):

Victor Panfilov ◽

Boris Karetkin ◽

Mariya Gordienko ◽

Irina Shakir

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Biological Value ◽

Chemical Hydrolysis ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Central Composite

Biotechnological methods have perhaps the greatest potential in deep processing of renewable raw materials. Bioconversion of lignocelluloses materials substantially increases its bioavailability and effectiveness of consumption by microorganisms. The enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of wheat bran under mild conditions are compared in this study.The purpose of this study was to define microbiological and biochemical criteria for the bioconversion. Enzymatic hydrolysis of extruded bran was held with three enzyme preparations usually used in the conversion of vegetable raw materials: “Viscoferm,” “Cellic HTec2,” and “Celloviridin G20x.” The central composite design was used for parameter optimization. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was used for assessment of biological value of the slurry obtained. The content of crude protein of the product obtained was 1.9 times higher than the initial.

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Compound feed for industrial rearing of juveniles trepang Apostishopus japonicus (Selenka)

Fisheries ◽

10.37663/0131-6184-2021-2-68-71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

Irina Kadnikova ◽

Natalya Aminina ◽

Yevgeniy Yakush

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Marine Plants ◽

The Pacific ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Biological Tests ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Application of enzymatic hydrolysis of macrophytes in the technology of feed for juvenile sea cucumber was justified. A basic recipe for compound feed based on fermented marine vegetable raw materials has been developed. Biological tests in the department for the reproduction of sea cucumber on the basis of the Pacific branch of the FSBSI VNIRO (TINRO) (Primorsky region, Popova island) confirmed the effectiveness of the use of fermented algae in the composition of feed. The average daily weight gains of sea cucumber individual increases, and the feed ratio decreases in comparison with feeds based on natural marine plants.

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A calorimetric study of the enthalpy of enzymatic hydrolysis of components of a product from vegetable raw materials for enteral feeding

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1134/s1070427206120044 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 1930-1934

Author(s):

N. V. Grishatova ◽

V. F. Ur’yash ◽

A. E. Gruzdeva ◽

N. V. Novoselova

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Enteral Feeding ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Calorimetric Study ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF CUPRUM IN VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety ◽

10.32447/20784643.17.2018.08 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 58-62

Author(s):

O. Scherbyna

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Determination ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Body ◽

Significant Group ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Copper Compounds ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials ◽

Almost All

The ways of entering the environment and harmful effects on human health of copper compounds (copper) and products of their decomposition are considered. Among the chemicals that pollute different objects of the environment, a significant group of toxicants are metals and their compounds. Metals play an important role in the physiological processes of living organisms. However, the ingestion of large quantities of metals into the body leads to poisoning. The subject of research was copper and its compounds. In insignificant quantities it is contained in the cells of almost all human organs. The content of copper is replenished at the expense of food products, especially cereals, peas, mushrooms, meat, and others. Widespread use of copper in industry, agriculture, everyday life requires detailed research in various objects. The method of separation, purification, detection and quantitative determination of coupler compounds in biological objects (seeds of leguminous plants) is proposed. The identification was carried out by qualitative reactions, and the quantitative determination - by the photoelectrocolorimetric method on the basis of the reaction with ditison. The developed method can be determined from 2 to 10 mg of Cuprum in 100 g of the object under study. Detection limit is 0.5 mg.

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