scholarly journals General combinative ability of parental lines of watermelon in terms of yield and dry matter content

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E. A. Varivoda ◽  
N. G. Baybakova ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Positive Effect

Relevance. The creation of heterotic hybrids of watermelon is one of the modern breeding trends for solving the problem of providing the population of the Russian Federation with melon production. The process of creating heterosis hybrids can be accelerated by the assessment of the total combination ability (ОCS) of parental lines.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the zone of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region at the Bykovskaya melon selection experimental station, in dry conditions in 2018 and 2019. The object of research was 9 paternal lines and 3 maternal lines of watermelon. The assessment of the general combining ability was carried out according to two indicators: yield and dry matter content.Results. In the course of the research, the obtained F1 watermelon hybrids were assessed for a set of economic characteristics in comparison with the standards: Zenit, Sinchevsky and Barkhan. Based on the results of the work, F1 hybrids were identified according to the length of the growing season, yield, and dry matter content. By selecting valuable genetic sources with a high GCS, it is possible to successfully conduct breeding to improve the economically valuable indicators of F1 watermelon hybrids. According to the results of studies on yield, both in 2018 and in 2019, heterotic hybrids were distinguished, obtained from crossing with the paternal lines Favorit, Stimul, Ikar, the average effect over two years ranged from 3.5-10.6 t/ha. Among the studied maternal lines, the line Chms-4 has a positive effect, the average effect was 1.2 t/ha. In terms of dry matter content, a positive effect was found in the paternal lines Stimul – 1.8%, Medunok – 1.6%, Favorit – 0.8%, and in the maternal line Chms – 41.8%Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of the combining ability in terms of yield and dry matter content, we identified two promising paternal lines for creating heterotic watermelon hybrids: Favorite, Stimul. Also, one maternal line Chms-4 was distinguished. When using these lines in heterotic breeding of watermelon, in most crossing combinations, heterosis will be manifested in one or two characters.

scholarly journals Water Supply and Temperature Effects on Some Nutritive Constituents of Direct Sown Onion

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila OMBÓDI ◽  
Andrea LUGASI ◽  
Hussein Gehad DAOOD ◽  
Mária BERKI ◽  
Lajos HELYES
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Dry Conditions

Irrigation is a prerequisite for economical onion production under dry conditions. However, its effect on dry matter and nutrient content often remains a concern for growers. A direct sown onion hybrid was grown under open field, rain-fed and irrigated conditions for three years, investigating the effects of air temperature and water supply on some nutritive constituents. Dry matter, storage sugar, total flavonol and total polyphenol content showed strong positive correlation with average air temperature and negative correlation with water supply. However, irrigation had a positive effect on storage sugar and dry matter content. Presumably better water supply during dry periods ensured by irrigation provided the basis for higher photosynthetic production, and hereby more dry matter partitioning and accumulation in the bulb, a storage organ. An unexpected decrease in vitamin C content was experienced in 2011 and 2012, compared to the result of 2010, which was explained by the hot and dry conditions of the pre-harvest irrigation cut-off period. Fibre and ash content was found to be the most stable nutritional characteristics, affected neither by the environmental conditions, nor by the irrigation. Irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for direct sown onion, doubling bulb yield while not affecting the nutritive quality negatively.

scholarly journals Effect of the application of bioplexes of zinc, copper and manganese on milk quality and composition of milk and colostrum and some indices of the blood metabolic profile of cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kinal ◽  
A. Korniewicz ◽  
M. Słupczyńska ◽  
R. Bodarski ◽  
D. Korniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Mixtures ◽  
Positive Effect

The object of an experiment was inorganic and organic forms of zinc, copper and manganese applied in mineral mixtures to dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on 90 cows with average milk yield for previous lactation of about 9 500 kg milk. The cows received mineral mixtures containing inorganic or organic forms of zinc, copper and manganese for 6 weeks before calving and during the first three months of lactation. The application of microelements as bioplexes in amounts covering 30% of daily requirements of cows had a positive effect on an increase in colostrum dry matter content from 20.9 to 23.35% as well as on the concentration of protein and fat, and the level of minerals – calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper. In cows’ milk in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> month of lactation there were no differences in contents of minerals. However in the blood serum of cows in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> month of lactation an increase in calcium concentration from 1.96 to 2.14 g/kg was observed while the content of phosphorus also increased average from 1.76 to 2.22 g/kg in the first trimester of lactation.

Effect of seed stimulation on germination and sugar beet yield

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Prośba-Białczyk ◽  
H. Szajsner ◽  
E. Grzyś ◽  
A. Demczuk ◽  
E. Sacała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Saccharose Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Germination and sugar beet yield after seed stimulation were investigated. The seeds came from the energ'hill technology and were subject to laser irradiation. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and field conditions. Lengthening of germinal roots and hypocotyls was observed. A positive effect of the stimulation on the morphological features was observed for the Eh seeds and laser irradiation applied in a three-fold dose. The energ'hill seeds exhibited a significantly higher content of carotenoids in seedlings and an increase in the content of chlorophylls. Laser light irradiation favourably modified the ratio of chlorophyll a to b. The leaves and roots of plants developed from the energ'hill and irradiated seeds were characterized by higher dry matter content thanin non-stimulated seeds. Seed stimulation had a positive influence on yielding and the saccharose content.

scholarly journals LEAF-FEEDING PROCESSING OF PLANTS OF THE TOMATILLO BIOPROOFICIANS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Oleksii Polutin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of foliar treatment of Tomatillo plants with the use of drugs of bacterial origin. The paper scientifically substantiates the influence of biologicals on the morphological and biometric parameters of the plant. It was investigated that the emergence of seedlings in varieties Lichtaryk and Pineapple was observed for 7-8 days. After diving and two treatments of plants with drugs, their positive effect on the growth and development of Tomatillo, especially in the phase of budding, flowering and fruiting. A short period of bud formation on the plant was characterized by a variety of Tomatillo Lantern from the use of Biomag. Thus, the beginning of the formation of buds occurred on 66 days on the Lantern variety. A similar effect of the biological product was found during the flowering phase and fruit set. As a result of the activity of Azotobacter chorococum bacteria, the growth and development phases of the Lantern variety are accelerated by 1-3 days compared to the control variant. The use of biological products has had a positive effect on the biometric parameters of the plant. When using bacteria p. Saccharomyces, Azotobacter chroococcum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, plant height and stem diameter depended on the type of biological product used. The height of the plant ranged from 82,8 cm to 89,6 cm in the variety Lantern and from 86,8 cm to 91,3 cm in the variety Pineapple. As a result of spraying the plants with Azotobacterin or Rostmoment, the height of the Tomatillo plant exceeded the height of the plant of the variant where biological products were not used. In these variants, the excess of plant height relative to the control was 8,2% for the variety Lantern and 4,3 % for the variety Pineapple, respectively. The diameter of the stem was in the range of 1,9-2,0 cm. Due to the activity of the bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter nimipressuralis or yeast p. Saccharomyces and products of their metabolism, revealed a positive effect of biologicals on the increase in leaf area and dry matter content of the leaf. As a result of cultivation of the cultivar Lichtarik and application of Rostmoment or Biopolitsid the area of leaves was at the level of 79,5 thousand м2/ha and 77,6 thousand м2/ha. Growth moment, for the cultivation of the variety Lantern, helped to increase the dry matter content of the leaf by 16,4 %. Treatment of Lantern plants with liquid humus-based concentrate Humisol provided the highest weight of Tomatillo fruit, which was at the level of 8,4 g, and the use of Humisol or Rostmoment for growing varieties Lantern and Pineapple increases the diameter of Tomatillo fruit by 6,9-10,3 %. Humisol, due to humic and fulvic acids, natural phytohormones affects the growth processes of the plant more intensively, which provided in the formation of the largest mass of fruits and their diameter. High yield is characterized by the Tomatillo variety Lantern with five applications of Humisol or Biopolicide, where its value is 33,3 t/ha and 32,0 t/ha. Key words: morphological features, biometric indicators, tomatillo, fruit yield, marketability.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Analysis of Dry Matter Content, Reducing Sugars and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes in Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edgar Muhumuza ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Prossy Namugga ◽  
Alex Barekye
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Uganda is a major food and cash crop mainly grown in the highland regions by small-scale farmers. The increasing importance of potato as a processed product requires new varieties possessing quality processing attributes with acceptable yield. The objectives of this study were to estimate the combining ability effects for dry matter content, reducing sugars, and yield related traits in potato. Nineteen F1 families generated from eight parents using a half diallel mating design were evaluated for dry matter content, reducing sugars, average weight per tuber and total tuber yield at Kachwekano research station. Additive genetic effects were predominant for dry matter content while non-additive effects for the other traits. The GCA/SCA ratios were 0.58, 0.28, 0.17 and 0.44 for dry matter content, reducing sugars, average weight per tuber and total tuber yield respectively. Broad sense heritability estimates were 50.6% for dry matter content, 77.8% for reducing sugars, 90.3% for average weight per tuber and 29.5% for total tuber yield. Parents NAROPOT 3 and 395096.2 had desirable GCA effects for both dry matter content and reducing sugars. Families of nkrk19.17 x Rutuku had desirable SCA effects for dry matter content while Rutuku x 393077.54 and nkrk19.17 x 392657.8 had desirable SCA effects for reducing sugars. Additive genetic effects for dry matter content imply that, genetic gains can be achieved through different selection methods and trait transferred to the respective progenies. The selected parents and families will be subjected to further clonal evaluation and selection.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Genetic Components of Yield Characteristics, Dry Matter Content, and Total Carotenoids in Provitamin A Cassava F1 Cross-Progeny

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Parkes ◽  
Olufemi Aina ◽  
Akuwa Kingsley ◽  
Peter Iluebbey ◽  
Moshood Bakare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Fresh Root

Cassava is an important root crop in sub-Saharan Africa, largely cultivated for its starchy edible roots. Biofortified cassava varieties with enhanced provitamin A carotenoid content (PVAC) developed through conventional breeding provide a solution for vitamin A deficiency among vulnerable communities. The aim of this study was to use diallel analysis of six provitamin A cassava genotypes to determine the combining ability, genetic components, heritability, and heterosis of the most important yield characteristics and total carotenoids. Genetic variability for measured characteristics were evident. Fresh root yield was mainly determined by non-additive genetic effects, while dry matter content and total carotenoids were determined by additive effects. Total carotenoids were negatively correlated with fresh root yield, indicating that selection for higher provitamin A content could reduce yield. Mid and higher parent heterosis was seen in some of the crosses for fresh root yield, dry matter content, and total carotenoids. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for fresh root yield and dry matter content, and was high for total carotenoids. This study indicated that yield and dry matter content can be improved in provitamin A cassava but that increased provitamin A content may carry a yield penalty.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Yield and Quality Characteristics in Provitamin A Hybrid Cassava Families in Ghana

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Bright Boakye Peprah ◽  
Elizabeth Yaa Parkes ◽  
Peter Kulakow ◽  
Angeline van van Biljon ◽  
Maryke Tine Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Large Numbers

Cassava is the most widely cultivated and consumed crop in Ghana. Malnutrition is endemic in cassava-producing regions of Africa, partly due to the low micronutrient content of this crop. The aim of this study was to generate genetic information on characteristics such as total carotenoid content, dry matter content, root weight and number, and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), and their possible combination in cassava clones, using a North Carolina II breeding scheme. Five genetically diverse yellow-fleshed clones at advanced selection stages, with CMD resistance, were used as females and two high dry matter content white-fleshed clones, selected from farmers’ fields in Ghana, were used as males. Ten F1 families were generated, and evaluated at two locations in Ghana. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were larger than specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares for harvest index, CMD, and carotenoid content, indicating additive genetic effects. The positive significant correlations that were observed between pulp color and carotenoid content; carotenoid content and CMD; pulp color and CMD; and pulp color and cortex color, make the screening of large numbers of progenies possible in the cassava breeding program. This could allow breeders to combine carotenoid content and CMD at the early breeding stages through visual assessment of pulp color and CMD symptoms. Large numbers of genotypes can be evaluated and a few can be selected to be quantified for carotenoid content at later stages of the breeding program, to save costs. One of the parents (P6), showed positive GCA effects for carotenoid content, dry matter content, CMD and storage root weight, hence could be used as a parent to generate clones that combine carotenoid content and dry matter content.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CUCUMBER GENOTYPE ON THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE AND EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A. A. Zenkova ◽  
I. V. Andreeva ◽  
T. V. Shtainert ◽  
D. Iu. Gerne
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Female Line ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Due to the growing variety of vegetables, the impact of genotypic parameters of plants on pest resistance and efficiency of biological specimens is of high importance when selecting and creating new varieties and hybrids. The researchers found out the significant differences in stability of parental forms, hybrids and cucumber varieties of the Siberian selection in relation to twospotted spider mite. The paper finds out relatively resistant parental forms - ZhL-4 and GP-61/b, and also samples of the paternal form - GF-7 and a maternal line - ZhL-9 damaged by a phytophage in a strong degree have been defined rather steady against a phytophage. High acaricidal effect of Phytoverm was found on all studied varietal samples, however the most effective biospecimen restrained development of the pest on plants of  relatively resistant to phytophage of female line ZL-4. Reproduction of the twospotted spider phytoseiulus did not depend on genotypic features of parental forms, varieties and hybrids of cucumbers. The number of acarifages increased by 7.8-8.2 times in two weeks after appearance on the plants inhabited by spider mite in comparison with the initial number, as a result of which the damage rate of plants by the pest of most cultivars decreased, and in male forms practically did not change (GF-19) or slightly increased (GF-7). According to biochemical parameters, cucumber varieties with different degree of resistance to phytophage differed in dry matter content. Non-resistant to twospotted spider mite female forms LL-9, LL-12/1 and Nadezhda variety contained the lowest concentration of dry matter (5.4%), the highest amount of dry matter was observed in female line LL-4, which has the highest pest resistance (6.0%). Since the inherited traits are predominantly transmitted by the maternal component and the paternal form enhances these properties, it is important to assess not only the yield and flavour qualities but also the degree of resistance of parental forms to pests when selecting cucumber varieties and hybrids.

scholarly journals Nopalea cactus pear fertilized with nitrogen: morphometric, productive and nutritional characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38325
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Avelar Leite ◽  
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Adriano De Souza Guimarães ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Dry Conditions

 This study aimed to evaluate the structural, productive and nutritional characteristics of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck. cv. Miúda/Doce) under five nitrogen doses and two planting orientations. A randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme was used in the scheme: five nitrogen doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg of N ha-1), and two planting orientations (North/South and East/West), with three replicates. Except for the thickness of the secondary (p = 0.04) and tertiary cladodes (p = 0.02), the morphometric characteristics of the cactus pear were not influenced by the nitrogen doses (p > 0.05). The mean height was 120 cm, the areas of the primary, secondary and tertiary cladodium were 160.9; 208 and 158.4 cm², respectively. The application of nitrogen fertilizer, in the dry conditions and doses evaluated, did not affect the production of green matter (PGM, p = 0.56), dry matter (PDM, p = 0.74) and dry matter content (DM, p = 0.72), with averages of 276 t ha-1, 43.2 t ha-1 and 15.7%, respectively. The increase of the nitrogen doses does not improve the majority of the morphometric characteristics or the dry matter yield of the cactus pear cv. Miúda at 730 days after planting. 

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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