scholarly journals Selection of pairs for intervarietal crossing of root chicory

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
I. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. A. Evseeva ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
N. A. Ratnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. Modern agricultural production requires the creation of varieties that combine high productivity, quality, and adaptability. Taking into account the development trends of modern agriculture towards multiplicity, it is necessary to improve and expand the assortment, helping to meet the needs of both large and small producers of agricultural products. Due to the lack of material and human resources in the agricultural sector, there is a clear need for varieties and hybrids adapted to industrial cultivation and storage technologies. Existing zoned varieties of root chicory have a root crop length of 40 cm or more, and the soils of the area of cycoroseeding are mainly heavy in mechanical composition, where the use of digging devices to such a depth is impossible. Production requires varieties with a short root crop, which has the main mass concentrated in the upper part.Methods. The purpose of this work is to identify valuable genotypes in the soil and climate conditions of the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation among the variety of varieties of chicory root of different ecological and geographical origin for use in the creation of the source material of selection by inter-port crosses.Results. When creating the source material for the selection of root chicory by the method of intervarietal crosses, one of the parents should choose local intrazonal varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone (Yaroslavsky, Gavrilov-Yamsky), and the second – off-zonal varieties with economically valuable qualities (short root crop, high yields and chemical-technological indicators, resistance to root rot) and donors of these traits (Kharpachi, Sleszka, BilogorkaOS-2, BilogorkaOS-3, Rexor, Wixor, Luxor).

scholarly journals Donors of valuable economic traits for selection of chicory root

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
N. A. Ratnikova ◽  
E. A. Evseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. Root chicory is a valuable economic crop. However, its attractiveness for the producer is reduced due to the high labor intensity of cultivation and a high proportion of manual labor, primarily when harvesting root crops. Modern agricultural production is in urgent need of new varieties of root chicory that combine high yields and the necessary chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting and adapted to cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The purpose of this work is to test varieties of root chicory in a collection nursery in the Yaroslavl region.Material and methods. The research was conducted at the the Yaroslavl region. The material for research was three varieties of Dutch selection Wixor RS, Rexor RS, Luxor. The experience is based on the "Guidelines for the study and maintenance of the world's collection of root crops", recommended by VIR. Vavilov.Results. Investigated varieties in the soil and climatic conditions of the non-black earth zone of Russia were distinguished by a short root crop (up to 25 cm long) with a large diameter (up to 9 cm). We recommend them as donors in the selection of root chicory for suitability for mechanized harvesting. From long-term observations, it follows that the varieties Wixor RS, Rexor RS and Luxor are early-maturing. The length of their vegetative period does not exceed 125 days. This group of varieties is the most valuable when breeding for early maturity. Based on the analysis of the results of economic-biological and environmental studies of Dutch varieties of root chicory, it was found that they have high average values of certain economic-valuable characteristics and stability of their manifestation over the years.

scholarly journals Perspective sample of root chicory

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 

scholarly journals Perspective sample of root chicory

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE GENETICALLY VALUABLE CORN SAMPLES AT THE CREATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE CORN SELECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Larisa Chernobay
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Work

For selection of the lines of new generation were used the donors of tolerance to the disease exciters and introduced the modified methods of artificial infection and selection that allowed create the new source material of corn. There were received 302 lines of UKC (Ukraine, Kharkiv, Chernobay) tolerant to the bubble smut that are characterized with valuable agricultural signs. Among them were separated 21 lines with the high productivity and valuable agricultural signs: UKC 85-2, UKC 80-3, UKC 80-2, UKC 135-2, UKC 155-2, UKC 96, UKC 86, UKC 142, UKC 83, UKC 96-2, UKC 129-2, UKC 164,UKC 83-2, UKC 88-2, UKC 131, UKC 147, UKC 144-2, UKC 167,UKC 164-2, UKC 90-2, UKC 163-2; were created lines with the complex tolerance to the bubble smut and crop moth with the high productivity: UKC 144-2, UKC 167, UKC 164-2, UKC 90-2, UKC 163-2. The UKC lined were included into selection work in the laboratory of selection and seeding of the corn of the Institute of crop production of V. Y. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Selection of competitive of pumpkin varieties for the Lower Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Tamara M. Nikulina ◽  
Dina P. Kurunina
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Features Selection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance One of the priority directions of selection is the creation of varieties that are most adapted to local conditions with high productivity. Methods The object of study – varieties and hybrids of pumpkin of three Botanical species: Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo. The purpose of the work is the creation and introduction into production of high-yielding varieties of pumpkin with high quality fruits, resistant to bio-and abiotic conditions of the lower Volga region. Research objectives: the study of varietal diversity and identification of genetic sources adapted to the conditions of the region; artificial hybridization, evaluation of the obtained source material on the main economic and valuable features, selection of the best hybrid combinations and testing them in comparison with the best zoned varieties. Results The collection identified genetic sources of productivity: Chino, Sviten, Kham, Creen Warted Habbard, Zukat, Arina, Madam; the quality of the fruit: Sorme poire, Burgess Buttercup Wintes, Malishka, Duchess, Konfetka. Using the selected genetic sources in crossbreeding, new hybrid combinations were obtained, after testing of which the source material for breeding was formed in the hybrid nursery. The table shows the characteristics of the best hybrid populations of pumpkin species S. maxima, S. moschata. The best zoned varieties of table pumpkin created in recent years. Izyashnaya – medium-ripe, shortleaved, high-yielding (17.0-26.0 t/ha), with high quality fruits (12.0-16.0% solids); Izobilie – yield (18.0-25.0 t/ha), drought-resistant; Romantika – medium-ripe, resistant to powdery mildew, yielding (16.0-20.0 t/ha), high quality fruits (10.0-15.0% dry-VA, 60.4 mg% carotene).

Phytocenotic selection of perennial grasses as a factor of increasing the productivity of mixed agrophytocenoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ivanov ◽  
O.N. Lyubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the analysis of data available in the literature and our own experimental material on phytocenotic selection of the stony stalk (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) the important role of competition between plants in the field for the creation of new varieties of perennial grasses that provide high yields of feed polyvid agrophytocenoses is shown.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF PEAS COLLECTION IN THE ALTAI

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
S. K. Shchukis ◽  
E. R. Shchukis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Diverse Source ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Vast Territory

The article emphasizes the importance of peas as a source of vegetative protein, and indicates on insufficient areas under peas both in Russia and in the Altai. One of the reasons of reducing its acreage is the high costs on peas planting and protecting from pests, diseases and weeds. Climate changing contributes to rapid development of such harmful diseases as ascohitoz, bacteriosis, fusarium, rust, significant number of weevil, pea aphid and moth mullet. Considering the main directions in pea breeding, it should be emphasized that the Altai Area, with its vast territory and diverse natural and climatic conditions, requires highly productive, well-adapted varieties of different use which are capable to effectively use agro-climatic resources of different zones. All this requires the active study of the source material, the selection of new, economically valuable forms and their introduction into the breeding process. It has been noted that the production requires more advanced varieties, the development of which is impossible without the presence of diverse source material. The purpose of the study was to identify the best productive plants in the pea collection of 2012-2017. The material has been represented by 113 variety samples of domestic and foreign selection. The varieties with best productivity were ‘Mnogoplodny 163’, ‘Rheinperle’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘806’9, ‘Varyag’, ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Pioner’, ‘LittleMarwel’, ‘Mnogoplodny 27’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Ryadovoy’, ‘576/80’. The best forage productivity was produced by ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Mnogoplodny 105’. The most fast-ripening varieties were ‘Rheinperle’ and ‘Pyrama’. The samples ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’ and ‘8067’ were characterized with high plant height. The samples ‘Pyrama’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Sihirobana-Kinusaja’, the line ‘312’ produced large-sized kernels. The great lodge resistance has been shown by ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Svetozar’, ‘Kamerton’, ‘Flagman 12’.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

Improving sustainable cotton production through enhanced resilience to climate change using mutation breeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hussain ◽  
Ljupcho Jankuloski ◽  
M. Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Massoud Malek ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Cotton, being a leading commercial fibre crop, is grown on 20.5 million hectares in three major cotton-producing countries: China, India and Pakistan. Wide differences in yield per hectare exist among these countries and these are being aggravated by changing climate conditions, i.e. higher temperatures and significant seasonal and regional fluctuation in rainfall. Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by climate change. The disastrous effects of extreme periods of heat stress in cotton were very prominent in Pakistan during the growing seasons 2013-2014 (40-50% fruit abortion) and 2016-2017 (33% shortfall), which posed an alarming threat to the cotton-based economy of Pakistan. Poor resilience of the most commonly grown cotton varieties against extreme periods of heat stress are considered to be major factors for this drastic downfall in cotton production in Pakistan. Using the approach of induced mutation breeding, the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has demonstrated its capabilities in developing cotton mutants that can tolerate the changed climatic conditions and sustain high yields under contrasting environments. The results of studies on the phenological and physiological traits conferring heat tolerance are presented here for thermo-tolerant cotton mutants (NIAB-878, NIAB-545, NIAB-1048, NIAB-444, NIAB-1089, NIAB-1064, NIAB-1042) relative to FH-142 and FH-Lalazar. NIAB-878 excelled in heat tolerance by maintaining the highest anther dehiscence (82%) and minimum cell injury percentage (39%) along with maximum stomatal conductance (27.7 mmol CO2/m2/s), transpiration rate (6.89 μmol H2O/m2/s), net photosynthetic rate (44.6 mmol CO2/m2/s) and physiological water use efficiency (6.81 mmol CO2/μmol H2O) under the prevailing high temperatures.

scholarly journals Pruning, training system, and climate conditions for the perennial cultivation of physalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Esdras Lima ◽  
Maria do Céu Monteiro Cruz ◽  
Deilson de Almeida Alves ◽  
Núbia Cassiana Santos ◽  
Amanda Gonçalves Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
High Yields

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pruning and training system type on the agronomic performance of the perennial cultivation of physalis (Physalis peruviana), in high-altitude tropical and humid temperate regions in Southeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Diamantina (humid temperate climate) and Couto de Magalhães de Minas (high-altitude tropical climate), both in the state of Minas Gerais, in two cycles (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). In the first cycle, two types of training system were evaluated, one with formation pruning to define the number of stems for espalier training and the other free (without pruning and espalier). In the second cycle, renewal pruning was evaluated in each training system. Physalis cultivation in regions with humid temperate climate and mild temperatures favors high yields and large fruits. The training system in espalier with formation pruning facilitates plant management and increases productivity. The viability of the perennial cultivation of physalis varies according to the climatic conditions of the cultivation site and to the training system adopted.

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