scholarly journals New coronavirus infection in the practice of an otolaryngologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
V. I. Egorov ◽  
◽  
D. M. Mustafaev ◽  
A. O. Kochneva ◽  
Zh. E. Komarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Important Symptom ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that affects millions of people and kills hundreds of thousands of people. Chinese researchers found that the most common clinical manifestations of the disease were: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle weakness, muscle pain and various degrees of respiratory disorders. But despite this, a more in-depth understanding of COVID-19 revealed many other clinical manifestations. Cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, acute tonsillitis, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, or dizziness are symptoms that an otolaryngologist may encounter when examining patients with COVID-19. And olfactory dysfunction has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID-19 and is increasingly being used as a tool to identify patients with COVID-19, particularly in cases of asymptomatic carriers who may unknowingly be the main cause of the spread of the disease. The analysis of detected cases of coronavirus infection and the diagnosis of upper respiratory pathologies in these patients, including olfactory dysfunction, allowed us to understand the frequency of their occurrence in the Moscow region, to compare with world data, and to evaluate their role, in the aspect of early diagnosis of COVID-19.

FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TACTICS OF MANAGING CHILDREN WITH KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Kagantsov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sizonov ◽  
V.G. Svarich ◽  
K.P. Piskunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Significant Health

The novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 affects people of all age groups. The disease in children is usually asymptomatic or mild compared to adults, and with a significantly lower death rates. Data on kidney damage in children with COVID-19, as well as the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of diseases of the genitourinary system, are limited, the risks of contracting a new coronavirus infection in children with significant health problems, including those with chronic kidney disease, remain uncertain. The pandemic has affected the activities of surgeons treating diseases of the urinary system in children. Since the prospects for the end of the pandemic are vague, it is necessary to formulate criteria for selecting patients who can and should be provided with routine care in the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight the features of the clinical manifestations and treatment of children with COVID-19, occurring against the background of previous renal pathology or complicating its course.

scholarly journals A snapshot on COVID-19: A review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuz Al Mamun ◽  
Kaiissar Mannoor ◽  
Tahmina Shirin ◽  
Meerjady Sabrina Flora ◽  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
Common Enemy

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in China in December 2019 has turned into a global pandemic through continued spread beyond borders. This review was aimed to extract up-to-date information on the evolution, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 to fight against this common enemy. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were the sources of literature; whereas CDC, WHO and Worldometer provided updated information. Bats served as the reservoirs of this virus while pangolin is believed as an intermediate host to transmit the virus to humans. Direct human-to-human and indirect transmissions were involved. Major clinical manifestations included fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production and shortness of breath. Chest radiographs mostly showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. Aged patients and patients with comorbidities had higher case fatality ratios. Critical cases were vulnerable to develop pneumonia, multi-organ failure and deaths. Overall situation in China has improved substantially. The European region and region of the Americas were the worst hit out of six WHO global regions. PCR based methods are used for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Severe/critical cases essentially require supportive or intensive cares. Avoiding exposure to COVID-19 is the best way to prevent the disease. Thus, this review provides a snapshot on COVID-19.

NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19: FEATURES OF THE COURSE IN CHILDREN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
A.V. Gorelov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
V.G. Akimkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective of the research: to determine clinical and epidemiological features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in the first half of 2020 in the Russian Federation was performed. Information about patients (age, sex, examination date, place of residence, disease severity final diagnosis, etc.) was taken from the database containing the Rospotrebnadzor report form № 970 «Information on cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection» January – June 2020 across the Russian Federation. Research results were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program. To assess the differences in nominal indicators (proportions), the Pearson χ2 test was used. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results: in the RF, the total number of children infected with COVID-19 in the first half of 2020 amounted to 8,4% among all patients with this infection. Children of all ages get sick with COVID-19, and boys are slightly more likely than girls (52,2% versus 47,8%, p>0,05). In children, the maximum number of cases is registered in family foci – 75%. Upper respiratory tract infections were diagnosed in 72,1% of patients. The proportion of pneumonia was 1,8%, and 2/3 of children were over 3 years old (p<0,001). In almost 1/3 of patients, the infection course had no clinical manifestations. 18,2% of children at the disease onset had increased body temperature, while only 3,5% of children had hyperthermia above 390 C. Cough was registered in 50,8% of cases. Rhinitis/rhinopharyngitis developed only in every 4th child. Symptoms pathognomonic for COVID-19, such as loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), were recorded only in 17% of cases. 41,3% of patients received treatment in a hospital, and among them children under 3 years of age predominated. Conclusion: in children in the RF, the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is generally favorable.

What should we know about antibacterial therapy for respiratory infections in children. The right start ensures a successful finish

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
D.V. Usenko ◽  
S.V. Shabalina ◽  
L.V. Feklisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tract Infections

Despite significant public health efforts, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are still very common among children. Most ARIs (both mono- and mixed forms that became more frequent recently) are caused by viruses. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in patients with ARIs leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance, which is a highly relevant problem now. Administration of antibiotics requires an individual approach and better knowledge of practitioners regarding the problem of antibiotic resistance. Since clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infections (that represent a large proportion of all ARIs in children) include both general intoxication symptoms (fever, decreased appetite, weakness, and fatigue) and local symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat increasing during swallowing, and cough) and the most common pathogens causing ARIs are viruses, local anti-inflammatory and bactericidal agents in the form of gargles or tablets for resorption are preferable. Key words: respiratory infections, children, mixed infection, Faringosept

scholarly journals Undetectable SARS-CoV-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab but persistent viral RNA from deep lung swabs: findings from an autopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e237446
Author(s):  
Prema Seetulsingh ◽  
Chiranthi Iresha Kannangara ◽  
Paul Richman
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Preventative Interventions

During the global pandemic of COVID-19 accurate diagnosis of the infection by demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by PCR in specimens is crucial for therapeutic and preventative interventions. There have been instances where nasal and throat swabs have been negative despite the patient having typical clinical and radiological findings compatible with the disease. We report a case of a man in his late 50s, brought to the hospital following a cardiac arrest and prolonged unsuccessful resuscitation. The history was typical for COVID-19 with fever for 10 days and worsening shortness of breath. His throat and nasal swabs (after death) were negative for SARS-CoV-2. A limited diagnostic autopsy was performed after 27 days, and lung swabs confirmed presence of SARS-CoV-2. This case highlights the importance of lung swabs when initial upper respiratory tract swabs are negative and proves that the virus can be detected from dead human tissue almost a month later.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction: A Highly Prevalent Symptom of COVID-19 With Public Health Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R. Sedaghat ◽  
Isabelle Gengler ◽  
Marlene M. Speth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Important Symptom

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, killing hundreds of thousands. Although typically described with characteristic symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, greater understanding of COVID-19 has revealed myriad clinical manifestations. Olfactory dysfunction (OD)—hyposmia and anosmia—has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID-19 and increasingly gained traction as a public health tool for identifying COVID-19 patients, in particular otherwise asymptomatic carriers who, unawares, may be major drivers of disease spread. The objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence about anosmia in COVID-19. Data Sources PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Review Methods Comprehensive literature search of primary studies pertinent to the objectives of this review using the chosen data sources. Conclusions Current evidence shows that OD is highly prevalent in COVID-19, with up to 80% of patients reporting subjective OD and objective olfactory testing potentially showing even higher prevalence. OD is frequently accompanied by taste dysfunction. Up to 25% of COVID-19 patients may experience sudden-onset OD as the first symptom. A large proportion of COVID-19 OD cases may resolve over the period of a few weeks. Implications for Practice Sudden anosmia should be considered a symptom of COVID-19. Assessing for sudden-onset anosmia may increase sensitivity of COVID-19 screening strategies, in particular for identifying patients at the earliest stages of disease. Since many cases of OD due to COVID-19 may resolve in the short term, conservative management, including observation, is reasonable, while advanced imaging is unnecessary.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ear, Nose and Throat Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. e343-e348
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Mohamed Eesa ◽  
Waleed Mansour ◽  
Lamia G. Zake ◽  
Ehsan Hendawy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Fever Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction. Objective To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19. Methods We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared. Results Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%). Conclusion Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction.

scholarly journals Predictors of disease duration and symptom course of outpatients with acute covid-19: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B O'Keefe ◽  
Elizabeth J Tong ◽  
Ghazala A Datoo O'Keefe ◽  
David C Tong
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Objective: Describe the disease course in a cohort of outpatients with covid-19 and evaluate factors predicting duration of symptoms Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Telemedicine clinic at a large medical system in Atlanta, Georgia Participants: 273 patients with COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included: (1) intake more than 10 days after symptom onset, (2) hospitalization for covid-19, (3) symptoms at less than two visits. Main outcome measures: Symptom duration in days Results: Common symptoms at diagnosis are upper respiratory (64% cough, 53% loss of smell or taste, 50% sinus congestion, 22% sore throat), systemic (50% headache, 48% body aches, 36% chills, 22% dizziness, 18% fever). The most frequent remaining symptoms at 30 days were cough (7%), loss of smell or taste (5%), body aches (5%), nasal congestion (5%), shortness of breath with exertion (5%), and joint pain (5%). Day of symptom onset was earliest for upper respiratory symptoms (mean 1.26 days, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.4), followed by systemic symptoms (1.54, 1.39 to 1.7), with later onset of lower respiratory (2.86, 2.54 to 3.22) and gastrointestinal symptoms (3.46, 3.07 to 3.89), when present. Cough had the longest duration when present with 12.2 days (10.9 to 13.6). Loss of smell or taste had the second longest duration with 11.0 days (9.9 to 12.2). Provider-Assessed Symptom Severity (PASS) is the best predictor of symptom duration (P <0.005 for multiple symptoms) and patients with Moderate PASS compared to Mild at their intake visit have higher rates of symptoms at 30 days, including cough (12%), nasal congestion (10%), joint pain (10%), body aches (9%), loss of taste or smell (7%), headache (7%), and shortness of breath with exertion (6%). Conclusions: Covid-19 illness in outpatients follows a pattern of progression from systemic symptoms to lower respiratory symptoms and persistent symptoms are common across categories. Provider-assessed symptom severity is the best predictor of disease duration.

scholarly journals Features of the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in students who were observed in the observator in the first and second wave of morbidity increasing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Anna V. Lubimova ◽  
Karina V. Ovakimyan ◽  
Olga I. Frolova ◽  
Olga S. Zamyatina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The North ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Second Wave

INTRODUCTION: The sudden appearance of a new coronavirus infection in the world has posed difficult challenges for science to determine the main clinical manifestations of this disease, as well as to approve standards for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Research of the symptoms of mild COVID-19 is continuing. The data obtained in such studies are particularly relevant for primary care physicians. THE AIM: To evaluate the features of the clinical course of COVID-19 among students of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, placed in the observatory, during the first and second waves of rising morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the basis of the observatory of the NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov in two stages: in the period from 21.04.2020 to 31.08.2020 (the first wave) and from 16.09.2020 to 31.12.2020 (the second wave). Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical-anamnestic data were recorded in all participants of the study. RESULTS: The study involved 309 people: 39.8% men (n = 123) and 58.9% women (n = 182). The average age of the respondents was 21.5 2.6 years. The number of participants in the first and second waves was 113 and 196 people, respectively. The average age of participants with COVID-19 in the first wave was 1.5 years less and was 21.2 2.5 years (р 0.001). There was a significant increase in the frequency of the following symptoms: dry cough, loss of smell, headache, general weakness, increased body temperature to 38.0 С, nasal congestion (р 0.05) in students who were monitored in the second wave of increased incidence of COVID-19 compared to the first. The frequency of symptoms such as chest congestion, lower back pain, and fever above 38.0 С significantly decreased (р 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of viral pneumonia in patients who were observed during the second wave, compared with the data obtained during the first wave (р 0.001).

scholarly journals Cervical lymph node enlargement as the initial manifestation of rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Hui Xie ◽  
Peng Su ◽  
Jian-Guo Hong ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is a very common malignant tumor worldwide. The clinical manifestations of advanced colorectal cancer include the changes in bowel habits, hematochezia, diarrhea, local abdominal pain and other symptoms. However, the colorectal cancer with an initial symptom of cervical lymph node enlargement is extremely rare. In this article, we report a case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes enlargement as the initial symptom. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for cervical lymph node enlargement which was accidentally detected during physical examination. Computed tomography scan revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Cervical ultrasound showed normal thyroid gland and multiple left supraclavicular lymph nodes enlargement. The patient underwent lymph nodes biopsy and pathologic results showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The subsequent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mucosal bulge lesion located at rectus and biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent rectal cancer resection. She is alive with no evidence of recurrence or new tumors 2 years after surgery. Conclusions Cervical lymph node metastasis is a rare metastatic way in colorectal cancer. This is the first case of rectal cancer presenting with cervical lymph nodes metastases as the initial symptom. Surgical resection combined with postoperative chemotherapy improved long-term prognosis of the patient. This rare metastatic way of rectal cancer should be paid attention for clinicians.

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