scholarly journals Resistance of oat breeding lines to grain contamination with Fusarium langsethiae and T-2/HT-2 toxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva ◽  
A. S. Orina ◽  
A. S. Markova ◽  
A. D. Kabashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Oat Breeding ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Fusarium disease of oats reduces yield quality due to decreasing germination that is caused by then contamination of grain with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance of naked breeding lines of oats to fungal grain infection and to contamination with T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Thirteen naked oat breeding lines and two naked varieties, Nemchinovsky 61 and Vyatskiy, as well as a husked variety Yakov, were grown under natural conditions in the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center in 2019–2020. The contamination of grain with fungi was determined by the mycological method and real-time PCR. The analysis of mycotoxins was carried out by ELISA. In oats, Alternaria (the grain infection was 15–90 %), Cochliobolus (1–33 %), Cladosporium (1–19 %), Epicoccum (0–11 %), and Fusarium (3–17 %) fungi prevailed in the grain mycobiota. The predominant Fusarium species were F. poae (its proportion among Fusarium fungi was 49–68 %) and F. langsethiae (29–28 %). The highest amounts of F. langsethiae DNA ((27.9–71.9)×10–4 pg/ng) and T-2/HT-2 toxins (790–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain of husked oat Yakov. Among the analysed naked oat lines, the amount of F. langsethiae DNA varied in the range of (1.2–42.7)×10–4 pg/ng, and the content of T-2/HT-2 toxins was in the range of 5–229 μg/kg. Two oat breeding lines, 54h2476 and 66h2618, as well as a new variety, Azil (57h2396), can be characterized as highly resistant to infection with Fusarium fungi and contamination with mycotoxins compared to the control variety Vyatskiy. 

scholarly journals Mycobiota in Mycobiota in the grain of the oat breeding lines produced in 2019 in competitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Provincepetitive variety trials on the fields of Nemchinovka Federal Research Center, Moscow Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva ◽  
A. S. Orina ◽  
A. S. Markova ◽  
A. D. Kabashov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Oat Breeding

Background. The requirement for high-quality oat grain for food production leads to the need for studying the resistance of this cereal crop to harmful diseases and for the development of new productive cultivars.Materials and methods. A comparative characterization was performed among the breeding lines of naked oats from Nemchinovka Federal Research Center according to the parameters of microbiological purity of grain. The mycological method was applied for the analysis of infection in the oat grain, and fungal species composition was identified. The DNA amount of toxin-producing species from genus Fusarium Link in the grain was detected using the real-time PCR, and the amount of mycotoxins was measured by the enzyme immunoassay.Results. The fungi of Alternaria Nees, Fusarium, Cladosporium Link, Cochliobolus Drechsler, Epicoccum Link were associated with oat grain. Uniquely high infection of the grain by F. langsethiae Torp & Nirenberg (14%) was found under the natural conditions of the Central Region of Russia. The differences revealed among the analyzed breeding lines and cultivars in the DNA amount of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides Sherb. were from 1.3×10-4 to 7.2×10-3 pg/ng in the total DNA, and from 5 to 1230 μg/kg in the content of T-2/ HT-2 toxins.Conclusion. All naked oat breeding lines were relatively resistant to Fusarium infection and proved the best as regards the mycotoxin contamination of the grain against the reference hulled cultivar ‘Yakov’. In the competitive variety trials, three lines – 66h2618, 54h2476 and 70h2613 – were characterized as relatively resistant to Fusarium disease, compared with the naked oat reference ‘Vyatsky golozerny’.

scholarly journals Comparison of Advanced Oat Breeding Lines in Lithuania

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Danytė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Oat Breeding

Advanced oat breeding lines were investigated in 2009-2011 at the Institute of Agriculture of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) and fat content (4.41%) was in 2009 and the highest protein and starch content (12.54% and 51.4%) was in 2011. Every year the yield of oat line LIA 1526-9 was higher or similar to the standard variety yield. The breeding line LIA 1526-9 also gave good results for fat, protein and starch yield. Every year fat, protein and starch content of naked line 1579-1 was higher in comparison with standard variety Mina DS: respectively, 7.39%, 12.6%, and 61.7% (standard variety 6.49%, 12.3%, and 55.7%) in 2009, 6.27%, 15.1%, and 60.7% (standard variety 5.06%, 11.5%, and 52.8%) in 2010 and 6.24%, 15.1%, and 63.6% (standard variety 5.66%, 14.0%, and 58.4%) in 2011. Significantly higher yields of fat, protein and starch per hectare were obtained in 2009 and reached 176, 454, and 1910 kg ha-1. Fat, protein and starch yields per ha of naked oat breeding lines were not higher than those of hulled oat breeding lines because of their low grain yield.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

Yield, quality and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio of tall fescue breeding lines on amended and nonamended minesoil

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1094
Author(s):  
R. G. Hanson ◽  
M. Tucker ◽  
A. D. Coble ◽  
D. A. Sleper
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield Quality

scholarly journals LATEST INFORMATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM LANGSETHIAE, THE PRODUCER OF T-2 AND HT-2 TOXINS, IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The annual monitoring of grain contamination with Fusarium fungi and the identification of their species composition showed the widespread distribution of F. langsethiae producing dangerous T-2 and HT-2 toxins in the Northwestern and Central regions of Russia. Mycological analysis of grain samples harvested in 2018–2019 allowed revealing the new places of F. langsethiae distribution, including Urals. The top infection rate of the oats grain by F. langsethiae in 2019 reached 14 %. The identification of F. langsethiae strains was supported by PCR with species-specific primers. The analysis of toxic metabolites in F. langsethiae by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry revealed the high level of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The considerable total amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins (165–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain samples infected with this species. Further clarification of the geographical area of F. langsethiae and the study of its intraspecific diversity are needed to understand the distribution of this toxin-producing fungus.

INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD, SHORT-DAY VERNALIZATION, AND COLD VERNALIZATION ON DAYS TO HEADING IN AVENA SPECIES AND CULTIVARS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Oat Breeding

Exposure of 19 accessions belonging to nine species of Avena to constant daily photoperiods of 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hr showed that heading was promoted by the longer photoperiods, except in A. abyssinica, which headed first on 15-hr days. Some accessions headed sooner in 9-hr than in 12-hr photoperiods. An interrupted night treatment suggested that photoperiodic control of heading date is exercised by the length of the dark period. A second experiment demonstrated a short-day vernalization response in two of the six accessions initially grown in 9-hr days and later in 12-hr days. In a third experiment (19 entries) cold vernalization (7.2 C for 39 days) strongly promoted heading in seven wild species from the Mediterranean region and in A. abyssinica and the winter oat Landhafer (from 21 to 60 days earlier in 18-hr days). Weaker but significant (P <.05) responses were evident in A. strigosa and three of the remaining nine cultivated hexaploids. The responses to cold vernalization were greater in plants growing in 12- and 18-hr days than in 9-hr days. For the three experiments, regression analysis of days to heading on hours of photoperiod showed that A. byzantina C.W. 544, A. sativa Rapida, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. barbata were the least sensitive to differences in photoperiod (1–3 days earlier per hour longer). Avena strigosa and related diploid wild species showed intermediate sensitivity. Northern spring oat cultivars and Ottawa breeding lines were very sensitive (6–10 days earlier per hour longer). The implications that these findings have for oat breeding are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Application Rate and Meteorological Conditions on β-Glucan Content in Naked and Husked Oat Grain

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Brunava ◽  
Laila Vilmane ◽  
Sanita Zute
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Nitrogen Application Rate

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of applied nitrogen fertilizer rate on β-glucan content in oat (Avena sativa L.) grains. The study was carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute from 2011 to 2014. Three nitrogen surface fertiliser treatments (80, 120 and 160 kg·ha-1) were applied on one husked oat (variety 'Lizete') and two naked oat genotypes (breeding lines 'S-156' and '33793'). The content of β-glucan in naked oat genotypes was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the husked genotype. The difference in β-glucan content between the naked breeding lines was not significant (p > 0.05). Significant (p < 0.05) differences in β-glucan content were observed between nitrogen treatments only for husked oat genotype 'Lizete'. Effect of growing season on β-glucan content was significant (p < 0.05) for both (naked and husked) oat genotypes. β-glucan content of naked oat breeding lines ('S-156' and '33793') was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 2011 comparing with 2012 and 2013, due to differences in precipitation during the grain filling period.

scholarly journals Mitigation of environment impact of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species

2012 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Györgyi Bíró ◽  
János Tamás ◽  
János Borbély ◽  
Lili Mézes ◽  
Lili Mézes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The Fusarium fungi hazards the grain quality of cereals, therefore significantly affects their utilization as animal feed or consumable product. The Fusarium can decrease the quality of wheat in different ways: decreases the germination capability, causes visible discoloration, mould may appear, reduces the dry material and nutrient content of the grain, causes mycotoxin infection – as a result given by its by-product. Micotoxins produced by Fusarium genus, as the trichotecenes (T-2, HT-2, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, Fusarenone-X) and the zearalenone (F-2) are the most common in Hungary. Occurrence of fumonisins first discovered in 1988 are must be identified carefully. About 20–30% of the overall worldwide production of cereals is infected with Fusarium and its toxins, which situation is similar in Hungary. This infection causes serious yield-losses in cereal production. In the case of cereal products, which non-utilizable as forage seems, an optimal solution is utilizing as biogas raw material, but it is also important to examine the effect of the infected cereal on the anaerobe digestion process.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity Assessment among Selected Naked Oat Cultivars and Breeding Lines Using ISSR Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta PACZOS-GRZEDA ◽  
Piotr Tomasz BEDNAREK ◽  
Aneta KOROLUK ◽  
Zygmunt NITA ◽  
Zofia BANASZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Similarity Assessment ◽  
Oat Cultivars

Peanut Yield, Market Quality and Value Reductions Due to Cylindrocladium Black Rot1,2

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract The effects of Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on yield, market quality and monetary value of the peanut crop were determined for Florigiant, NC 8C and two advanced generation CBR-resistant breeding lines. Percentage extra large kernels (ELK) and fancy size pods (FS) were decreased by CBR. The reduction of ELK has a minor effect on value. The reduction of FS had no effect on value. Reduction of value due to CBR was primarily the result of lower peanut yields. A highly significant proportion of the variation in yield and value was explained by regressions of yield and value on % CBR incidence measured approximately 1 wk before digging. Yield losses ranged from 250 to 450 kg/ha and value reductions for Florigiant and NC 8C were from $170 to $190/ha in 1980 and 1981 and from $270 to $290/ha in 1982 for each 10% CBR incidence. The relationships among CBR and yield, quality and value were similar for NC 8C and Florigiant. Therefore, NC 8C should sustain lower losses due to CBR than Florigiant because NC 8C is moderatley CBR-resistant.

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