scholarly journals Supernormal vascular aging — prevalence and determinants at population level (the ESSE-RF data)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
K. M. Tolkunova ◽  
O. P. Rotar ◽  
A. M. Erina ◽  
M. A. Boiarinova ◽  
A. S. Alievа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Observation Study

Background. Arterial stiffness, which is a marker of vascular damage and cardiovascular disease independent predictor, can be used as an indicator of vascular aging. Vascular changes may occur in some individuals earlier than it comes according to chronological age (early vascular aging syndrome) or later (healthy aging). SUPERNOVA (supernormal vascular aging) is a new protective phenotype in which very low arterial stiffness values are recorded regardless of the level of risk factors exposure.Objective. To assess the prevalence of SUPERNOVA phenomenon and risk factors in St Petersburg population-based sample.Design and methods. The survey of 1600 St Petersburg residents aged 24-65 years was performed in terms of the epidemiological observation study ESSE-RF (2012-2013). Anthropometry and fasting blood sampling for lipids and glucose detection and blood pressure measurement according to standard methods were performed. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessed by SphygmoCor (Australia) was performed in 524 people. 485 participants were selected without cardiovascular complications history. The participants were divided by age into 5 groups: persons under 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60 years and older. PWV < 10th percentiles for healthy individuals PWV (Reference Values for Arterial Stability’s Collaboration, 2010) was detected as SUPERNOVA phenomenon in each age group. Mathematical and statistical data analysis was implemented using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.Results. SUPERNOVA phenomenon prevalence was 9,8 % (48 participants): 11,9 % women (32 participants) and 7,4 % men (16 participants). Among women systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels (p = 0,01) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,055) were significantly lower. Subjects with SUPERNOVA showed significantly lower SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI, glucose, triglycerides and lower prevalence of arterial hypertension (HTN), obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In participants younger 30 years only obesity prevalence was significantly lower in respondents with SUPERNOVA, based on BMI criterion (p = 0,046). Participants aged 30-39 years showed no significant differences. In the group aged 40-49 years BMI (p = 0,02), abdominal obesity prevalence (p = 0,05), as well as SBP levels (p = 0,03) and DBP (p = 0,05) was significantly lower in individuals with SUPERNOVA. In the group aged 50-59 with SUPERNOVA significantly lower HTN prevalence (p = 0,03), glucose levels (p = 0,005) and BMI (p = 0,04) were found. In the older age group of 60-65 years subjects with SUPERNOVA have significantly lower levels of SBP (p = 0,014) and DBP (p = 0,014), as well as significantly lower prevalence of HTN (p = 0,03).Conclusions. At population level the phenomenon of supernormal vascular aging occurs in about 10 % without significant gender prevalence. HTN, obesity and metabolic factors are the determining factors of vascular aging. Ideal vascular health is associated with age-specific features.

scholarly journals A study of blood pressure in rural and urban school children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
R. V. Baradol ◽  
Purushotham D. R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis of Hypertension is an important strategy in its control. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school going children and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height, weight and BMI criteria and comparing the values with available standards.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study done in the age group of 10 to 16 years. Children were selected from urban and rural areas in and around Mysore city. Blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury Sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American Heart Association. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender and anthropometry. All the statistical operations were done through SPSS.Results: The present study was conducted amongst children in the age group of 10-16 years in rural and urban schools. A total of 2000 children were included in the study. BP measurements of 1000 subjects in three urban school children and 1000 school children in one rural school children in Mysuru district were done. In rural school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.8% in males and 0.9% in females. In urban school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.1% in males and 1.2% in females.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. Periodic measurement of blood pressure would identify hypertension at an early age. Further studies are needed to know the exact prevalence of hypertension and long term follow up studies are required to know the effect and risk factors associated in children with sustained hypertension.

scholarly journals Assessment of Arterial Stiffness Using the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index – What We Know and What We Strive for

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627
Author(s):  
A. N. Sumin ◽  
A. V. Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Vascular Aging

Currently, the importance of assessing arterial stiffness as an integral indicator of cardiovascular risk, an indicator of arteriosclerosis, and a predictor of cardiovascular events has been demonstrated. The traditional indicator of arterial stiffness-pulse wave velocity-depends on the level of blood pressure, which makes it difficult to use it for dynamic assessment. The proposed new arterial stiffness index-the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), does not depend on the level of blood pressure and is more convenient in practical use. CAVI has been widely used in clinical medicine for the past 15 years as an index for assessing cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, which has allowed for the expansion and deepening of research on this topic. This review focuses primarily on recent publications and new opportunities for evaluating vascular function using CAVI. The review provides information on solving methodological problems in evaluating CAVI, highlights the relationship between CAVI and future cardiovascular events, and provides cross-sectional data on the Association of CAVI with the presence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The results of studies on the effect of drug therapy and measures to control risk factors for cardiovascular diseases on CAVI are presented. While it remains unclear how much changes in CAVI over time can affect the forecast, research is currently being conducted in this direction. The use of CAVI also opens up new perspectives in the assessment of cardiovascular interactions, the study of vascular function in vasculitis and vascular injuries, as well as in geriatric medicine (concepts of premature vascular aging and excess vascular aging).

Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 864-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Boutouyrie ◽  
Phil Chowienczyk ◽  
Jay D. Humphrey ◽  
Gary F. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Pressure Independent

Arterial stiffness, a leading marker of risk in hypertension, can be measured at material or structural levels, with the latter combining effects of the geometry and composition of the wall, including intramural organization. Numerous studies have shown that structural stiffness predicts outcomes in models that adjust for conventional risk factors. Elastic arteries, nearer to the heart, are most sensitive to effects of blood pressure and age, major determinants of stiffness. Stiffness is usually considered as an index of vascular aging, wherein individuals excessively affected by risk factor exposure represent early vascular aging, whereas those resistant to risk factors represent supernormal vascular aging. Stiffness affects the function of the brain and kidneys by increasing pulsatile loads within their microvascular beds, and the heart by increasing left ventricular systolic load; excessive pressure pulsatility also decreases diastolic pressure, necessary for coronary perfusion. Stiffness promotes inward remodeling of small arteries, which increases resistance, blood pressure, and in turn, central artery stiffness, thus creating an insidious feedback loop. Chronic antihypertensive treatments can reduce stiffness beyond passive reductions due to decreased blood pressure. Preventive drugs, such as lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetic drugs, have additional effects on stiffness, independent of pressure. Newer anti-inflammatory drugs also have blood pressure independent effects. Reduction of stiffness is expected to confer benefit beyond the lowering of pressure, although this hypothesis is not yet proven. We summarize different steps for making arterial stiffness measurement a keystone in hypertension management and cardiovascular prevention as a whole.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Masyarakat sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Hipertensi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ratna Indriawati ◽  
Sherly Usman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Important Health

Hipertensi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting. Prevalensi hipertensi nasional di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) sebesar 35,8% dengan proporsi kasus hipertensi yang telah didiagnosis oleh tenaga kesehatan sebesar 24%. Hal ini berarti bahwa masih ada 76,0% kasus hipertensi di masyarakat yang belum terdiagnosis. Tingginya angka insidensi hipertensi di propinsi DIY tersebut turut mempengaruhi insidensi penyakit ini di kabupaten Bantul. Pola makan yang tidak sehat dan kurang terjaga, perilaku merokok, stress psikososial karena faktor ekonomi, dan minimnya sarana & prasarana kesehatan merupakan faktor pemicu tingginya insidensi penyakit hipertensi di wilayah ini. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tambahan pengetahuan faktor risiko, menanggulangi penyakit hipertensi dan komplikasi hipertensi serta pelatihan kader kesehatan terkait penyakit hipertensi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi: melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dan faktor risiko hipertensi (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan body mass index/BMI) untuk skrining hipertensi, promosi kesehatan berupa penyuluhan hipertensi, pelatihan pengukuran tekanan darah yang baik dan benar, dan pembuatan dan pembagian leaflet hipertensi. Sebanyak 105 orang yang diperiksa tekanan darahnya, didapatkan 31 orang menderita hipertensi. Rentang umur kurang dari 40 tahun didapatkan 8 orang penderita hipertensi. Sedangkan kelompok umur 45-55 tahun juga didapatkan 8 orang dengan hipertensi. Terdapat 15 orang dengan hipertensi pada kelompok usia lebih dari 75 tahun.Kata kunci: hipertensi, faktor risiko, tekanan darah, berat badanAbstractHypertension is still the important health problem. The prevalence of national hypertension in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) was 35.8% with the proportion of cases of hypertension diagnosed by health personnel at 24%. This means that there are still 76.0% cases of hypertension in the community that have not been diagnosed. The high incidence of hypertension in the province of DIY also affects the incidence of this disease in the Bantul district. Unhealthy and poorly maintained eating patterns, smoking behavior, psychosocial stress due to economic factors, and the lack of health facilities & infrastructure are factors that trigger the high incidence of hypertension in this region. This community service aims to provide additional knowledge of risk factors, overcome hypertension and complications of hypertension and health cadres training related to hypertension. These community service activities included: conducting health checks and risk factors for hypertension (body weight, height, and body mass index/BMI) for hypertension screening, health promotion in the form of hypertension counseling, excellent and correct blood pressure measurement training, and making hypertension leaflets. A total of 105 people who were tested for blood pressure were 31 people suffering from hypertension. The age range of fewer than 40 years found eight people with hypertension. Whereas the age group of 45-55 years also found eight people with hypertension. There are 15 people with hypertension in the age group over 75 years.

scholarly journals Early vascular aging risk assessment in patients with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Salasyuk ◽  
S Nedogoda ◽  
I Barykina ◽  
V Lutova ◽  
E Popova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vascular Age

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abdominal obesity are one of the most common CVD risk factors among young and mature patients. However, the currently used CVD risk assessment scales may underestimate the CV risk in people with obesity and MS. Early vascular aging rather than chronological aging can conceptually offer better risk prediction. MetS, as accumulation of classical risk factors, leads to acceleration of early vascular aging. Since an important feature of MetS is its reversibility, an adequate risk assessment and early start of therapy is important in relation to the possibilities of preventing related complications. Purpose To derive a new score for calculation vascular age and predicting EVA in patients with MetS. Methods Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from general practice. The derivation cohort consisted of 1000 patients, aged 35–80 years with MetS (IDF,2005 criteria). The validation cohort consisted of 484 patients with MetS and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) values exceeding expected for average age values by 2 or more SD (EVA syndrome). Results In univariate analysis, EVA was significantly correlated with the presence of type 2 diabetes and clinical markers of insulin resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome severity score (MetS z-score), uric acid (UA) level, hsCRP, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), heart rate (HR), central aortic blood pressure (CBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Multiple logistic regression shown, that presence of type 2 diabetes and IR were associated with greater risk of EVA; the odds ratios were 2.75 (95% CI: 2.34, 3.35) and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.00), respectively. In addition, the risk of having EVA increased by 76% with an increase in HOMA-IR by 1 unit, by 17% with an increase in hsCRP by 1 mg/l, by 4% with an increase in DBP by 1 mm Hg, and by 1% with each 1 μmol / L increase in the level of UA. The area under the curve for predicting EVA in patients with MetS was 0,949 (95% CI 0,936 to 0,963), 0,630 (95% CI 0,589 to 0,671), 0,697 (95% CI 0,659 to 0,736) and 0,686 (95% CI 0,647 to 0,726), for vascular age, calculated from cfPWV, SCORE scale, QRISK-3 scale and Framingham scale, respectively. Diabetes mellitus and clinical markers of IR (yes/no), HOMA-IR and UA level were used to develop a new VAmets score for EVA prediction providing a total accuracy of 0.830 (95% CI 0,799 to 0,860). Conclusion cfPWV at present the most widely studied index of arterial stiffness, fulfills most of the stringent criteria for a clinically useful biomarker of EVA in patients with MetS. Although, parallel efforts for effective integration simple clinical score into clinical practice have been offered. Our score (VAmets) may accurately identify patients with MetS and EVA on the basis of widely available clinical variables and classic cardiovascular risk factors can prioritize using of vascular age in routine care. ROC-curves for predicting EVA in MetS Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Association of arterial wall stiffness with cardiovascular risk factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Ivanenko ◽  
O. P. Rotar ◽  
A. Konradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Objective. To assess relation between central blood pressure and arterial stiffness with cardiovascular risk factors. Design and methods. 116 subjects considering themselves healthy were examined. 63 showed blood pressure elevation. Anthropometry was performed and fasting blood specimens were obtained from all patients. Plasma glucose and lipids levels were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were measured by Sphygmocor Px device (Australia). Results. Parameters of arterial stiffness were strongly associated with hypertension, increased waist circumference, age, cholesterol level, and metaboloc syndrome. Females had higher AI as compared to males. Conclusion. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness are determined not only by age and peripheral blood pressure but by cholesterol level and anthropometric parameters as well.

scholarly journals Differing Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Men Expresses Dynamics in Atherosclerotic Load in the Senescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Siennicki-Lantz ◽  
Sölve Elmståhl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Pressure Development

To assess an impact of vascular risk factors on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) in the elderly, we followed up a population-based cohort of men from 68 until 82 years, when 104 survivors underwent ABPM.Results. At age 68, hypertension and high clinic blood pressure (CBP) did not predict ABPM level. Smoking and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) predicted higher ABPM variability and pulse pressure (PP), but not absolute ABPM values. At age 82, hypertension, high or increasing CBP, strongly positively correlated with all variables of ABPM. Carotid stenosis, low or declining ABI during followup, correlated with higher nocturnal ABPM and PP.Concluding. Hypertension and vascular risk factors in a cohort of 68-year-old men do not result in higher ABPM at age 82, possibly due to inflection point in their pressure development. Higher ABPM reflects instead an increasing CBP and aggravating atherosclerosis during the preceding decade in that part of the cohort with previously favorable risk factor status.

Blood Pressure Measurement

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-968
Author(s):  
SOL LONDE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Subjective Judgment ◽  
Preadolescent Children

To the Editor.— The report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children1 recommends the use of K4 in preadolescent children because the authors say that K5 readings are frequently difficult to obtain in that age group, and K5 is easier to record in adolescents. We have used K5 in our studies because we are more certain of it. We have challenged the use of K4 because its recognition depends on subjective judgment of a qualitative change in the character of the sounds.2

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years: A School-Based Study in China

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Haibin Gong ◽  
Ye Guo ◽  
Bingjie Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Census ◽  
School Based ◽  
Hypertension Guidelines ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Hypertension in adolescents has attracted increasing attention. However, large, well-designed studies accurately demonstrating epidemiological characteristics of adolescent hypertension remain insufficient. We, therefore, conducted a population-based multicenter study with repeated blood pressure visits to offer precise prevalence of it. We randomly recruited 42 025 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in 6 centers throughout China from 2018 to 2019. The initial hypertension was estimated in all centers through one blood pressure measurement visit. Confirmed hypertension was evaluated in 3 blood pressure visits in 2 of 6 centers including 16 220 subjects. Hypertension was defined using American and Chinese guidelines and standardized by sex and age using 2010 China population census data. Standardized prevalence of initial and confirmed hypertension were 18.6% (95% CI, 17.3%–20.0%) and 5.9% (95% CI, 4.7%–7.2%) using 2017 American Association Pediatrics hypertension guidelines, respectively and which were 24.5% (95% CI, 23.0%–25.9%) and 8.8% (95% CI, 7.3%–10.3%) using 2018 Chinese hypertension guidelines. Male (odds ratio [OR], 1.275 [95% CI, 1.070–1.520]), parental hypertension history (OR, 1.387 [95% CI, 1.159–1.660]), higher heart rate (OR, 1.043 [95% CI, 1.037–1.049]), higher waist circumference (OR, 1.036 [95% CI, 1.027–1.046]), and adiposity indexes including overweight (OR, 2.211 [95% CI, 1.781–2.745]), and obesity (OR, 3.085 [95% CI, 2.330–4.084]) were identified as risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension was quite high evaluated by both guidelines with several risk factors, and a single blood pressure measurement visit leads to an overestimation of hypertension prevalence among adolescents.

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