scholarly journals The relationship of folate deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and glutathione metabolism in hypertensive patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-664
Author(s):  
L. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
T. F. Subbotina ◽  
A. A. Zhloba
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functional Deficiency

Hypertension (HTN) is often accompanied by folic acid (FA) deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and dependent enzymes determine the state of cellular antioxidant and redox systems in cardiovascular pathology. The aim of our work is to assess the relationship between the status of FA and the presence of HHcy with enzymes of glutathione metabolism and the redox state of erythrocyte glutathione in HTN. Design and methods. In blood plasma samples from 43 HTN patients admitted to the clinic of Pavlov University, the concentration of FA and total homocysteine (oHcy) was determined. We also evaluated the level of GSH, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (GR) in erythrocytes. Results. In the whole group, GR activity positively correlated with the concentration of FA (R = 0,415; p = 0,001). A significant decrease in GR activity (U/g Hb) was found in the subgroup with the low level of FA [0,8 (0,5–1,1)] compared with the subgroup without a FA deficiency [1,2 (0,9–2,0)]. The GSH level (μM/g Hb) was also lower (p < 0,018) in the subgroup with FA deficiency [1,3 (0,9–2,1)] compared with the subgroup with normal FA levels [1,8 (1,5–4,6)]. A significant decrease in the level of GSH and GR activity in the subgroup with HHcy was found compared with the corresponding parameters in the subgroup without HHcy. However, even in the absence of HHcy patients with FA deficiency demonstrated a significant decrease in GR activity compared to patients without FA deficiency. In this case, GR positively correlated with FA (R = 0,564; p = 0,03). Conclusions. The deficiency of FA can increase the deficiency of GR activity, regardless of the level of oHcy. The indicator of GR activity in erythrocytes can be considered as a possible marker of functional deficiency of FA in the absence of HHcy.

A Decade of Disparities in Diabetes Technology Use and HbA1c in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Trans-Atlantic Comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Addala ◽  
Marie Auzanneau ◽  
Kellee Miller ◽  
Werner Maier ◽  
Nicole Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Diabetes Technology ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

<b>Objective:</b> As diabetes technology use in youth increases worldwide, inequalities in access may exacerbate disparities in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). We hypothesized an increasing gap in diabetes technology use by socioeconomic status (SES) would be associated with increased HbA1c disparities. <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>Participants aged <18 years with diabetes duration ≥1 year in the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX, US, n=16,457) and Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV, Germany, n=39,836) registries were categorized into lowest (Q1) to highest (Q5) SES quintiles. Multiple regression analyses compared the relationship of SES quintiles with diabetes technology use and HbA1c from 2010-2012 and 2016-2018. </p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results: </b>HbA1c was higher in participants with lower SES (in 2010-2012 & 2016-2018, respectively: 8.0% & 7.8% in Q1 and 7.6% & 7.5% in Q5 for DPV; and 9.0% & 9.3% in Q1 and 7.8% & 8.0% in Q5 for T1DX). For DPV, the association between SES and HbA1c did not change between the two time periods, whereas for T1DX, disparities in HbA1c by SES increased significantly (p<0.001). After adjusting for technology use, results for DPV did not change whereas the increase in T1DX was no longer significant.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Although causal conclusions cannot be drawn, diabetes technology use is lowest and HbA1c is highest in those of the lowest SES quintile in the T1DX and this difference for HbA1c broadened in the last decade. Associations of SES with technology use and HbA1c were weaker in the DPV registry. </p>

scholarly journals Plasma and Red Cell Reference Intervals of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate of Healthy Adults in Whom Biochemical Functional Deficiencies of Folate and Vitamin B12Had Been Excluded

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora ◽  
Dominic J. Harrington ◽  
Kieran Voong ◽  
Martin J. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plasma Measurements ◽  
Functional Deficiency

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the predominant form of folate and a strong determinant of homocysteine concentrations. There is evidence that suboptimal 5-MTHF availability is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of homocysteine. The analysis of folates remains challenging and is almost exclusively limited to the reporting of “total” folate rather than individual molecular forms. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference intervals of 5-MTHF in plasma and red cells of healthy adults who had been prescreened to exclude biochemical evidence of functional deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12. Functional folate and vitamin B12status was assessed by respective plasma measurements of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in 144 healthy volunteers, aged 19–64 years. After the exclusion of 10 individuals, values for 134 subjects were used to establish the upper reference limits for homocysteine (13 μmol/L females and 15 μmol/L males) and methylmalonic acid (430 nmol/L). Subjects with values below these cutoffs were designated as folate and vitamin B12replete and their plasma and red cell 5-MTHF reference intervals determined,N=126: 6.6–39.9 nmol/L and 223–1041 nmol/L, respectively. The application of these intervals will assist in the evaluation of folate status and facilitate studies to evaluate the relationship of 5-MTHF to disease.

scholarly journals HOW TO SABOTAGE A SECRET SOCIETY: THE DEMISE OF CARL FRIEDRICH BAHRDT'S GERMAN UNION IN 1789

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-402
Author(s):  
ANDREW MCKENZIE-MCHARG
Keyword(s):  
Secret Society ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
State And Society ◽  
German Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn 1789 in Leipzig, a slim pamphlet of 128 pages appeared that sent shock waves through the German republic of letters. The pamphlet, bearing the title Mehr Noten als Text (More notes than text), was an ‘exposure’ whose most sensational element was a list naming numerous members of the North German intelligentsia as initiates of a secret society. This secret society, known as the German Union, aimed to push back against anti-Enlightenment tendencies most obviously manifest in the policies promulgated under the new Prussian king Frederick William II. The German Union was the brainchild of the notorious theologian Carl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–92). But who was responsible for the ‘exposure’? Using material culled from several archives, this article pieces together for the first time the back story to Mehr Noten als Text and in doing so uncovers a surprisingly heterogeneous network of Freemasons, publishers, and state officials. The findings prompt us to reconsider general questions about the relationship of state and society in the late Enlightenment, the interplay of the public and the arcane spheres and the status of religious heterodoxy at this time.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Waste Management With The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Jaenudin ◽  
Sandi Aprianto ◽  
Citra Setyo Dwi Andini
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Garbage is something material or solid objects that is no used by humans. The impact or risk of improper handling of garbage can cause to environmental damages that can cause health problems and disesase, one of them is diarrhea disease. According to the health profile of West Java Province (2012) showed that the 1.906.886 diarrhea incidence. Cirebon City is ranked ninth with 88,702 diarrhea incidence. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of waste management with the incidence of diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City. Method: This research used descriptive correlation with kohort retrospekif approach. The population in this study that is all the people who suffer from diarrhea in the Argasunya Village with 72 respondents. The sample in this study using total sampling with 72 respondents who suffer from diarrhea. The research instrument used the observation sheet of waste management and the result of the status of the patient according the medical record data in Sitopeng Public Health Center. The analysis used univariate and bivariate used Chi Square test. Result: The result of univariate analysis showed that most of the waste management did not fulfill the requirement of 59 respondents (81,9%) and most of the acute diarrhea was 62 respondents (86,1%). There was no significant relationship of waste management with the incidence of diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City, p-value = 0,677.

Biblical Beginnings

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-102
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pregill
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Golden Calf ◽  
The Status ◽  
Exodus Narrative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ideological Construction ◽  
The Invisible

This chapter examines the main narrative of the Golden Calf found in Exodus 32, as well as other allusions to this episode from Israel’s history from what became the canonical Hebrew Bible. The account of the Calf in Exodus appears to have been shaped by polemical imperatives in the earliest stages of its development, and reflects complex questions surrounding sanctioned forms of divine worship, the status of different priestly groups, and the relationship of those groups to the Israelite monarchies and the cult forms they sponsored. The conception of the Calf in Exodus appears to reflect ancient ideas about the sanctioned means of worshipping the God of Israel, with an older form of Israelite cult practice—the use of bulls or calves to suggest the invisible divine presence—being critiqued here. However, rather than corroborating the Exodus narrative’s presentation of the affair, the version of the episode preserved in Deuteronomy reflects the profoundly different imperatives of a later age. While the Exodus narrative ultimately hearkens back to a time in Israel’s history in which the making of the Calf was perceived primarily as a lamentable cultic infraction, the reframing of the narrative in Deuteronomy embeds it in a larger discourse in which the making of the Calf appears as the pre-eminent example of idolatry, a distinctive ideological construction of the exilic and post-exilic periods that marked all forms of religious practice not sanctioned as “orthodox” as betrayals of the covenant and regression to the worship of false gods.

Comparing Older Persons’ Human Rights: Exploratory Study of the International Older Persons’ Human Rights Index (IOPHRI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-634
Author(s):  
Israel Doron ◽  
Carole Cox ◽  
Benny Spanier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
The Status ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Actual Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Over the last 2 decades, several international indices have been developed to describe the status of older persons. None, however, have examined their human rights. The International Older Persons’ Human Rights Index (IOPHRI) fills in this gap by analyzing the formal legislative foundation of human rights for older people. The objective of this exploratory study is to examine the IOPHRI while comparing the legislation in 6 countries. Research Design and Methods A comparative international exploratory study comparing the human rights legislation of 6 countries: United States, Chile, Ireland, South Africa, India, and Australia in 5 different human rights domains: constitutional, protection, familial and informal support, planning, and empowerment. Results The findings suggest that the actual relationship between formal human rights of older persons and the real world is complex: for example, while the IOPHRI index places South Africa in first place, it is far behind compared with all other participants in the Global AgeWatch Index (which measures objective elements such as life expectancy at 60, or poverty rates in old age). Discussion and Implications Measuring and indexing human rights of older persons reveal significant methodological issues. Beyond these methodological challenges, comparing the ranking of the IOPHRI to nonlegalistic indices raises significant questions about the relationship between formal human rights and the actual living experiences of older persons.

scholarly journals Anger fast and slow: mediations of justice and violence in the age of populism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The rise of populist political rhetoric and mobilisation, together with a conflict-riven digital public sphere, has generated growing interest in anger as a central emotion in politics. Anger has long been recognised as a powerful driver of political action and resistance, by feminist scholars among others, while political philosophers have reflected on the relationship of anger to ethical judgement since Aristotle. This article seeks to differentiate between two different ideal types of anger, in order to illuminate the status of anger in contemporary populist politics and rhetoric. First, there is anger that arises in an automatic, pre-conscious fashion, as a somatic, reactive and performative way, to an extent that potentially spirals into violence. Second, there is anger that builds up over time in response to perceived injustice, potentially generating melancholia and ressentiment. Borrowing Kahneman’s dualism, the article refers to these as ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ anger, and deploys the distinction to understand how the two interact. In the hands of the demagogue or troll, ‘fast anger’ can be deployed to focus all energies on the present, so as to briefly annihilate the past and the ‘slow anger’ that has been deposited there. And yet only by combining the conscious reflection of memory with the embodied response of action can anger ever be meaningfully sated in politics.

Called to Become a Blessing

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-411
Author(s):  
Martin Prudký
Keyword(s):  
Public Domain ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
The Status ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Civilization

The religious traditions and texts of ancient Israel have shaped European civilization and culture in a fundamental way. One of the key motifs that the Hebrew Bible has contributed to the formation of the spiritual traditions of this culture is the conception that faith entails a ‘stepping out’ of the status quo on the new journey to which God calls a person. An archetypal story in this respect is the narrative concerning the call of Abram (Gen. 12:1–3). This paper presents the basic motifs of Abram’s call in the context of the book of Genesis and sketches their impact on subsequent religious traditions. It pursues the question of the relationship of vocation and mission (of ‘stepping out’ and ‘charting a course’), which are two fundamental aspects of Abraham’s role as ‘the father of the faith’. In addition, this paper reflects on these motifs’ potential to impact the public domain.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Concentration in Umbilical Cord Serum Is Positively Associated with the Weight Ratio of Fetus to Placenta

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 5090-5094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Kadowaki ◽  
Masako Waguri ◽  
Isao Nakanishi ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyashita ◽  
Masahiro Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context: Adiponectin (APN) concentration in umbilical cord serum is higher than that in adult serum. Except for the positive association between birth weight and cord APN concentration, little is known about the pathophysiological function of APN in fetal development. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations with the development of the fetoplacental unit. Design and Methods: Umbilical cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations were measured in term singleton deliveries (n = 94). The association of cord APN and IGF-I concentrations was evaluated in relation to fetal weight, placental weight, and fetoplacental (F/P) weight ratio. Results: Mean concentrations and sd of APN and IGF-I were 36.1 ± 14.0 μg/ml and 58.6 ± 27.0 ng/ml, respectively. Cord APN concentration was positively associated with F/P weight ratio (r = 0.375, P &lt; 0.001) as well as fetal weight (r = 0.389, P &lt; 0.001) but not placental weight. Cord IGF-I concentration was positively associated with fetal weight (r = 0.405, P &lt; 0.001) and placental weight (r = 0.400, P &lt; 0.001) but not F/P weight ratio. In multiregression analysis, only APN concentration resulted in a significant determinant of F/P weight ratio among variables (β = 0.376, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In cord hyperadiponectinemia, fetuses tend to be disproportionately larger for their placental weight and vice versa in cord hypoadiponectinemia. APN is shown to be the first biomarker positively associated with F/P weight ratio.

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