scholarly journals Cocoa Markets and Value Chains: Implications For Sao Tome and Principe Organic Smallholders

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Prazeres ◽  
Maria Raquel Lucas ◽  
Ana Marta-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Small Producers

Cocoa is one of the main goods in the world agricultural trade markets, occupying the third position in exports. The paper introduces the cocoa value chain worldwide, its asymmetries, and the supply and value chain specific to the São Tomé and Principe (STP) organic cocoa. It aims to understand this value chain’s internal and external tensions and analyse its potential to be inserted in the international markets. The study uses panel data analysis from the FAOSTAT database. The tensions mentioned are due to the asymmetries of international markets and those regarding the production of organic cocoa in STP. At the level of STP and, despite measures to support organic production as a valuable alternative to the country’s development strategy, imbalances in the value chain persist that compromise the livelihoods of small producers responsible for most of production exported and the sustainability of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals THEORIZING AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAINS: INTEGRATING SMALL HOLDER PRODUCERS TO OVERCOME HURDLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Hena M
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
Small Holder

Modern marketing techniques and restructured markets for agriculture products has made the small holder producers to fight against a number of consequences which they are actually not practiced or trained. As an alternative, new innovative practice like value chain approach has been identified in improving their ability to combat the restructured market conditions. This paper reviews the theoretical justifications and different viewpoints of value chains approach which can benefit the small holder producers in agriculture sector. A review on evidences from agricultural value chain experiences exposed the necessity of a tool or a business model like value chain approach to integrate the small holder producers to viable markets and to capitalize the immense opportunities in the markets, particularly for least developed and developing countries. The literature revealed that small holder producer can access international markets by establishing value chain networks and by building relationships in chain networks.

A case on Global Value (Supermarket) Chains and Small Producers: Governance, Participation, and Strategies

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-128
Author(s):  
Sukhpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Gain Access

Whether or not local producers can gain access to global value chains and at which point is likely to be an important factor in determining whether they will benefit from trade liberalization. Understanding how these chains/networks are organized, controlled and governed is key to understanding how gains from them are shared across the chain participants. This paper analyzes the functioning of these chains with special focus on the implications for small producers in Asia. Besides defining and discussing the various aspects of the value chain framework and its utility for analysis, it also examines the context in which governance of these chains has acquired importance. It profiles the governance mechanisms and the issues involved, with specific focus on chains originating in Asia. The paper concludes by outlining some of the ways through which the participation of the small producers in these chains can be facilitated.

Mining and Minerals in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-282
Author(s):  
Neva Seidman Makgetla
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Policy Conflicts ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Although the mining value chain only accounted for around 13% of the GDP and 6% of employment in 2020, it remained a central link between the South African economy and international markets. As a result, it had an outsized impact on the production structure, income distribution, infrastructure and legal frameworks. After the transition to democracy in 1994, the value chain underwent significant changes, notably a shift away from coal into platinum, iron ore, coal and ferroalloys, and significant divestment by international mining companies. Still, deep-seated developmental challenges persisted, including limited mining-based industrialisation, the exercise of monopoly power within value chains, and deeply inequitable and oppressive payscales and work organisation. These structural weaknesses emerged clearly in the 2010s, as the end of the global metals prices boom (2002 to 2011) brought plummeting revenues, revealing a range of economic, workplace, and policy conflicts across the value chain.

scholarly journals Rantai Nilai Cabai di Kawasan Lereng Gunung Merapi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Agus Dwi Nugroho ◽  
I Made Yoga Prasada ◽  
Saraswati Kirana Putri ◽  
Herdiana Anggrasari ◽  
Pinjung Nawang Sari
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
The Poor ◽  
And Training

Fluctuation of the availability and prices of chili happen because the poor of the value chains. This research intended to know the mechanism related to the product, financial and information flow and development strategy to solve the problem of the chili’s value chain on the slopes of Mount Merapi. This research was conducted in Pakem District, Sleman Regency from May-August 2017. The method to determine the farmer respondents is random sampling while the merchants chosen by snowball sampling. The research used descriptive and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the most efficient marketing channels when farmers sell chili to the consumers through the retailers. Overall, the chili’s value chain included in the current category. Unfortunately, there are still some problems such as weak of the farmer cultivation ability and fluctuation of production and price. To solve this problem, the local government need make intensive counseling and training of chili cultivation, post-harvest handling in a professional and strengthen the auction market in Sleman Regency.

Wheat value chains in Malawi: trends, gaps, challenges and opportunities.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (046) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica F. Guwela
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop, consumed by over 2.5 billion people globally. The current demand for wheat in Malawi is estimated to be 200,000 tonnes/year with a projected growth in consumption of 3%-6% annually. We reviewed literature and databases on wheat production, imports, processing and consumption to describe current wheat value chains in Malawi, and to identify possible future economic and food security opportunities. The current gap between the supply and demand of wheat in Malawi is large with 99% imported due to low domestic production. The main actors in the value chain include importers, millers, bakeries, biscuit manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. In total, 45% of milled flour is utilised by commercial bakeries, 46% is distributed to rural and urban outlets and biscuit manufacturers utilise 9%. Although there is no information on wheat exports between 2016 and 2019, FAOSTAT crop database and the ITC Trade Map databases show small quantities of wheat flour exports prior to 2016. Production constraints include the lack of a national wheat development strategy, lack of stable markets, unavailability of improved varieties, low input use and limited knowledge in the management of wheat crop. Currency devaluation and limited forex reserves further affect the annual import volumes and prices of wheat flour on the domestic market. We conclude that domestic production and wider value chain opportunities could be increased through policy support, including research for development, expansion of production into.

scholarly journals Analysis of EU legume value chains from the H2020 LegValue project: What insights for organic value chains?

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Tiana Smadja ◽  
Frédéric Muel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Support Programmes

This paper presents the results of a legume-based value chain analysis based on twenty-seven case studies in the H2020 LegValue project and discusses those relating to organic legume-based value chains. The analysis aims to illustrate the diversity of legume-based value chains and to discuss the conditions by which they can successfully meet the growing demand for legumes in the EU. The research is based on a qualitative survey of the value chain stakeholders in the case studies. Regarding organic legume-based value chains, the analysis reveals two types that depend on the stakeholder type at the launch of the value chain, the stakeholder’s primary objective in the chain, and the organic legume species involved. The first value chain type is launched by extension services with an aim of developing the organic production of a single legume species. The second type is launched by a stakeholder (processor or collector) acting further downstream in response to market demand for several legume species. A key success factor for these value chains is the ability of the launcher to ensure close coordination along the chain. To achieve this, several means and tools have been identified: the setting-up of a value chain development project, the implementation of contracting practices, production support programmes (technical assistance, financial support), and market support programmes (information sharing, regulation, facilitators).

Current Tendencies in Agricultural Trade and the Roles of Major Actors

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Bistra Vassileva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Market

Globalization was signified as a quintessence of the last decade of the century. Its effect on international trade is outstanding because of the interconnectedness of the international markets. The current wave of globalization is driven by major technological breakthroughs in transportation and communication. Major market actors are witnessing lower trade barriers and reduced transaction costs due to numerous technological innovations. The chapter starts with a literature review on global market tendencies and their implications on agricultural trade. The first section begins with a comparative analysis of the agricultural trade flows by globalization waves. The second section describes the major actors in agricultural trade and their global market positions. In the third section, network analysis is used to visualize the connections between the major actors. Their behavioral pattern is presented as well as the key interactions are revealed. The chapter ends with recommendations aimed at the future development of agricultural trade with a focus on global intervention policies.

scholarly journals From the Fragrant Highlands to the Netherlands: A Case Study on the Evolution of the Adoption of Ethical Value Chains for Kerinci Cinnamon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Theresa Sila Wikaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
A Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Ngo ◽  
Small Producers

<p>The concept of ethical value chains emerged as a response to conventional trade that has put a strain on small producers in the resource periphery. The alternative chains are said to allow trade to be carried out in fairer terms and for the benefits to be distributed to all actors in the value chains. This concept however, has not been widely used in the global spice industry.  This research aims to investigate the nature and evolution of ethical value chains of an Indonesian cinnamon commodity. As part of the resource periphery, Indonesia is the leading producer of cinnamon, with 66% of the world’s cinnamon supply coming from this country. The cinnamon industry itself has long been an important source of income for the people of Kerinci, the largest cinnamon producing area in Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study, this research examined TAKTIK, a farmers’ group in Kerinci, which is known to have been implementing some form of ethical practices in their value chains.  The study found that ethical practices occurred as a result of a value chains intervention programme conducted by an International NGO and a local NGO. Ethical value chains were adopted through the establishment of a farmers’ organisation, adoption of organic farming and certification, and Geographical Indications registration. This study finds that the factors that prompted the adoption of the ethical practices varied among value chain actors. However, there was a common goal of improving the livelihood of farmers and realising more equitable commodity trade. This research enriches the global literature on ethical value chains, particularly on spice commodity and the benefits of adoption for value chain actors.</p>

scholarly journals Lao Plantation Policy: Prospects for Change

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Hilary Smith ◽  
Peter Kanowski ◽  
Rodney J. Keenan ◽  
Somvang Phimmavong
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Field Research ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Goals

Policies to promote tree plantations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic have been developed since independence to support national socio-economic and environmental goals, and in response to domestic and international markets. The effectiveness of these policies has been variable, and the resulting plantation wood value chains are poorly developed due to contradictory and confusing laws and regulations with inconsistent application and high transaction costs. Consequently, there has been limited tree plantation investment, and few investments have realized the anticipated benefits. Renewed interest in plantations from the government, investors and other sectors in Laos has prompted policy reviews and recognition of the need for new policy settings. We reviewed the development of plantation policies in Laos and assessed policy effectiveness and barriers to policy options. Through document analysis, interviews with key stakeholders and actors, stakeholder forums, and field research, we found that smarter regulation, and facilitating value-chain partnerships and knowledge sharing, can motivate smallholders and industry investors in plantations, and increase community-level benefits and financial returns to the Government and private sector. These results are discussed in the context of current international developments in plantation policy and the convergence in related policy processes in Laos.

scholarly journals From the Fragrant Highlands to the Netherlands: A Case Study on the Evolution of the Adoption of Ethical Value Chains for Kerinci Cinnamon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Theresa Sila Wikaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
A Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Ngo ◽  
Small Producers

<p>The concept of ethical value chains emerged as a response to conventional trade that has put a strain on small producers in the resource periphery. The alternative chains are said to allow trade to be carried out in fairer terms and for the benefits to be distributed to all actors in the value chains. This concept however, has not been widely used in the global spice industry.  This research aims to investigate the nature and evolution of ethical value chains of an Indonesian cinnamon commodity. As part of the resource periphery, Indonesia is the leading producer of cinnamon, with 66% of the world’s cinnamon supply coming from this country. The cinnamon industry itself has long been an important source of income for the people of Kerinci, the largest cinnamon producing area in Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study, this research examined TAKTIK, a farmers’ group in Kerinci, which is known to have been implementing some form of ethical practices in their value chains.  The study found that ethical practices occurred as a result of a value chains intervention programme conducted by an International NGO and a local NGO. Ethical value chains were adopted through the establishment of a farmers’ organisation, adoption of organic farming and certification, and Geographical Indications registration. This study finds that the factors that prompted the adoption of the ethical practices varied among value chain actors. However, there was a common goal of improving the livelihood of farmers and realising more equitable commodity trade. This research enriches the global literature on ethical value chains, particularly on spice commodity and the benefits of adoption for value chain actors.</p>

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