scholarly journals The Economic Performance of Central Europe Metropolises. A Comparative Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Central European ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Since the fall of communism, the big cities of Central Europe have been included in the international metropolitan network, and their economic performance has improved significantly. Based on that, it can be asserted that the whole region is undergoing a process of metropolisation, which may be manifested by a focus of development in the limited areas of metropolises. Therefore this paper aims to present the results of a closer examination of this process in Central Europe. It is based on a comparative analysis of the metropolises in relation to their countries in terms of economic performance. A taxonomic approach based on Hellwig’s development pattern is adopted. The available Eurostat data (NUTS 3 level) on a range of socio‑economic characteristics is used. The study results show that the economic performance of Central European metropolises is relatively closer to Western Europe’s cities than the countries’ non‑metropolitan parts. Highlighting development issues in Central Europe from the spatial‑metropolitan point of view is the paper’s added value.

Three Faces of the ‘Post-Socialist’ Juvenile Justice Systems

Youth Justice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Eszter Párkányi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Justice Systems

In comparative juvenile justice, it is often suggested that Eastern European juvenile jurisdictions have a similar, ‘post-socialist’, character. This presumption indicates a certain level of uniformity in legislative features and justice policies across these countries that is related to their development before and after the political transition. The comparative approach taken in this article is focusing on the historical and contemporary differences in the development of these systems and thereby provide a more sophisticated understanding of this region. The evidence is presented in a comparative analysis of three Central European juvenile justice systems: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia.

La vendita diretta dei prodotti ortofrutticoli un'esperienza siciliana

2009 ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Marcella Rizzo ◽  
Filippo Mazzamuto
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Study Results

- Fruits and fresh vegetables direct selling: case from a Sicilian experience A specific producer's organization based on cooperative governance system that operates in the Province of Catania, primarily in the citrus fruit sector, has promoted in the first part of nineties a network of retailer stores, located in the northeast of Italy and directly managed by the cooperative members. This network of agricultural 118 producers has subsequently involved an increasing number of cooperatives and points of sale, structuring a policy based on a supply of citrus fruit linked with others fresh vegetables. This phenomenon is still growing, taking advantage of several new laws (the "Orientation law", the reformed Commercial law, and the 2007 State Financial Budget law) that simplify administrative and fiscal regulation on selling procedures. This law innovation process has also created new rules to make retailing activity easy and favourable (especially from the fiscal point of view) to direct selling run by the agricultural entrepreneur. This research takes in to account the economic results of this particular retailing activity, through an exploratory investigation conducted during 2005 and 2006, which underlines the added-value, generated by this specific formula used as a marketing tool. Furthermore, through this study it is possible to put in evidence, from the strategic point of view, some relevant characteristic constitutional elements and strengths or weaknesses system of this Sicilian producer's organization model. The study results show the importance of an innovative organizational and managerial model for local agriculture, and how it is possible to compete in the market and guarantee sale flows and a interesting added-value level for the producers. The evidence of the study, concerning this specific network formula, introduces two different advantages. The first one is to protect agriculture and to guarantee the sale of the annual production, when there is a large volume of production. The second one is connected to the possibility of regulating sale flows and price level thanks to the extremely elastic structure of sales points, characterised by low investments and low fixed costs. Moreover, goods supply on command at sale points, enable a "just in time" shipment, optimizing logistics and goods collection in the company. The determination of the Unit Gross income obtained by the company production direct selling, has put in evidence the great amount of operative margins of the examined distributional channel. It has to be remarked that these margins can even increase if the company production gets integrated with associated organisations that are controlling complementary goods production. In other words, the recent law which encourages these integrations enable producers to increase their gainsJEL Code: Q13Key words: direct selling, citrus, organization, supply, value-added

scholarly journals Specjalne strefy ekonomiczne i strefy przemysłowe w kształtowaniu rozwoju gospodarczego regionów na przykładzie Polski i Czech

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wiedermann ◽  
Anita Trojak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
External Scale ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Given

The aim of the present work is to show how the changing approach to special economic zones in Poland influenced the competitiveness of Polish regions, both on the internal and external scale. In the case of external conditioning, a comparative analysis of competitiveness of Polish regions against the Czech regions was conducted.In the examination of the internal- and external competitiveness conditions of particular Polish regions, an important element that shapes it is the existence of special economic zones. Their location positively affects the competitiveness of the given region, due to lower costs of functioning for the subjects active in the area. According to the original assumptions, creation of the zones was designed as a privilege for problem areas, e.g. characterized by high unemployment or low industrialization.Today’s solutions in this aspect considerably depart from the original assumptions of the idea of special zones, as – created when demanded by the investors – the zones include the most attractive regions. This has led to a situation when disproportion between peripheral and central areas of economic development is increasing. On the other hand, from the point of view of the state’s economic policy, Poland becomes more competitive. When observing the current inflow of crucial investments into the Central-European countries, we do not see situations typical of the 1990s and the first decade of the 21stcentury, when the most important investments were aimed at the Czech Republic or Slovakia (PeugeotCitroen-Toyota, VW, Kia or Hyundai), since the offers made by Poland to these investors usually concerned relatively unattractive locations, often peripheral, which could not compete with the areas of Prague, Bratislava, Ostrava, Trnava or Zilina.

VAT Refund under Conditions of Zero Tax Rate

2007 ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
R. Saakyan ◽  
I. Trunin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Tax Legislation

Main directions of tax legislation development are considered in the article from the point of view of relevancy of zero tax rate implementation and tax refund. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of tax refund delay that undermines the competitiveness of the export sector of economy. Comparative analysis of VAT refund mechanisms in different countries and Russia with respect to effectiveness of tax administration has allowed to formulate some hypotheses concerning relevant parameters of refund and test them with the help of various methods and models.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

TRANSLATION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL TERMINOLOGY OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AS A PROCESS OF NORMATIVE PRACTICE IN CONTEXT MODELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
Saodat Nosirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Normative Practice ◽  
Context Models

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the socio -political terminology of the modern Chinese language.The purpose of the article is to search for an integrated approach to the study of the cognitive side of social and political terms of the Chinese language from the point of view of law enforcement in the process of translating official materials from Chinese into Uzbek and / or Russian and vice versa

Analysis of the Most Valued Organization to Work for in Spain, According to Nationality and Location

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesús Ferreiro Seoane ◽  
Manuel Octavio Del Campo Villares
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The objective of this article is to analyse if there are significant relationships between the most valuable companies operating in Spain regarding professional performance, according to nationality and location within their Autonomous Communities or any superior aggrupation. To do that, a sample of 100 companies has been selected. Methods: The methodology followed is based on the selection of the 100 highestvalued companies from the point of view of Human Resources’ policy for the period 2013-2016 and through the measurement of six factors: Talent Management, Retribution, Work environment, CSR, Training and Employees’ perception, and classified by nationality and location. The study was based on 12 hypotheses, using the Unifactorial Variance’s Analysis, Pearson correlations and regressions. One limitation could be the fact that this study refers to a particular period, focusing on Spain and the variables mentioned, based on questionnaires. The added value of this work lies on the newness as it has a quantitative character, and on the fact that most of the hypotheses do not comply. Results and Conclusion: This allows to deny certain beliefs that affirm that European and American companies operating in Spain are more attractive than the Spanish or the Mediterranean ones.

scholarly journals Linkages between Energy Delivery and Economic Growth from the Point of View of Sustainable Development and Seaports

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szaruga ◽  
Zuzanna Kłos-Adamkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gozdek ◽  
Elżbieta Załoga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

This paper presents the synchronisation of economic cycles of GDP and crude oil and oil products cargo volumes in major Polish seaports. On the one hand, this issue fits into the concept of sustainable development including decoupling; on the other hand, the synchronisation may be an early warning tool. Crude oil and oil products cargo volumes are a specific barometer that predicts the next economic cycle, especially as they are primary sources of energy production. The research study applies a number of TRAMO/SEATS methods, the Hodrick–Prescott filter, spectral analysis, correlation and cross-correlation function. Noteworthy is the modern approach of using synchronisation of economic cycles as a tool, which was described in the paper. According to the study results, the cyclical components of the cargo traffic and GDP were affected by the leakage of other short-term cycles. However, based on the cross-correlation, it was proved that changes in crude oil and oil products cargo volumes preceded changes in GDP by 1–3 quarters, which may be valuable information for decision-makers and economic development planners.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

scholarly journals What Do Those Cohabiting Believe about Relationship Social Support and Premarital Counseling? A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Jennifer McGhee ◽  
Brandon Burr ◽  
Allison Vanrosendale ◽  
Deisy Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Premarital Counseling ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Relationship Success ◽  
The Relationship

Relationship researchers have long studied factors that boost or detract from relationship success. Social support and premarital counseling are factors that have been shown to boost relationship satisfaction and relationship success. However, little is known about how relationship status may influence attitudes toward social support and premarital counseling. Using a human ecology lens, this study explores the relationship between relationship status and attitudes toward social support and premarital counseling from a sample of 385 individuals. Implications for family practitioners and future researchers are provided based on study results.

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