Urban public transport as a tool of sustainable mobility policy – the example of Poland

The assumptions and goals of sustainable urban mob ility are defined in global and national documents, for example, the United Nations 2030 Agenda and in the Transport Policy of the State of Poland for 2006–2025. Achieving these goals is a long process. Tools and actions have been identified that play a fundamental role in achieving sustainable mobility, and various methods of measuring the effectiveness of these activities have been presented and compared. The article presents the following research hypotheses: achieving the goals of sustainable mobility through the development of the public transport offer requires the use of modern management methods, it is necessary to identify the main attributes of public transport that determine the use of this type of transport and to finance those elements of the transport offer that correspond to these attributes. The aim of the article is to assess the role of public transport as an element of sustainable mobility and to explain the reasons for unsatisfactory policy effects in Poland. Analysing the effectiveness of actions and tools used in Polish cities in achieving the goals of sustainable mobility, the processes of management in public transport and shaping the attributes of transport services and technical solutions were selected for the analysis. The analysis was carried out on the example of selected Polish cities. On the basis of the conducted research, the authors formulated conclusions: the idea of sustainable mobility development is an element of the transport policy of modern European cities, achieving sustainable development requires changes in the structure of urban transport, effective implementation of a sustainable mobility policy leads to changes in transport behaviour, the condition for increasing the share of public transport is to increase the attractiveness of its services. Detailed conclusions were defined in relation to selected Polish cities, in particular Gdańsk and Gdynia. The use of public transport by people who can travel by car can be increase by affecting the freedom to use passenger cars in cities through traffic and parking restrictions. The most effective tool that limits the use of private cars turns out to be parking fees in the city. Conclusions from the conducted research allowed us to confirm the research hypotheses of the article.

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Will Bus Subsidy in Indonesia Sustainable?

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928004016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 04016

Author(s):

Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto ◽

Muiz Thohir ◽

Stefan Belka

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Urban Transport ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Mode Share ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Motor Vehicle Use ◽

The Right ◽

Public Transport Services

The subsidies for public transport entails a controversial discussion on the pros and cons. On one hand mode share of public transport will decrease with increasing income levels towards private motor vehicle use. Intention of this paper is to prove that subsidy plays important role in the public transport operation and business. However such subsidy is not recover he needs to carry out the sustainable urban transport in the future. Government and private partner should create a systematic subsidy targeted for the right modes, that having sustainable achievement. This paper is structured to answer to what extent the effectiveness of government subsidies for the development of public transport services.

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The Effects of the Selective Enlargement of Fare-Free Public Transport

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grzelec ◽

Aleksander Jagiełło

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Market Research ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Local Authorities ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Services ◽

Mode Of Transportation ◽

Free Transport ◽

Using Data

In recent years fare-free public transport (FFPT) found itself at the centre of attention of various groups, such as economists, transport engineers and local authorities, as well as those responsible for the organisation of urban transport. The FFPT is hoped to be the answer to contemporary transport-related problems within cities, problems which largely result from insensible proportions between trips carried out via personal mode of transportation and those completed by the means of public transport. This article reviews the motives and effects connected with the introduction to date of fare-free transport zones across the globe. It also presents, using data obtained in market research, the actual impact of a selective extension of the entitlement to free fares on the demand for urban transport services. The effects observed in other urban transport systems were then compared against those observed in relation to one, examined system. Analyses of observed FFPT implementation effects were then used to establish good and bad practices in the introduction of FFPT. The article also contains forecasts on the effect of the extension of entitlement to free fares and an increase in the public transport offer may have on the volume of demand for such services. The analyses have shown that an increase in the public transport offer (understood as an increase in the volume of vehicle-kilometres) would increase the demand for urban transport services more than the selective implementation of FFPT (assuming that the costs incurred by the local authorities remain unchanged).

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The Influence of the Place of Residence on the Behavior and Transport Preferences of the Inhabitants of the Agglomeration

Transport Economics and Logistics ◽

10.26881/etil.2019.83.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 163-178

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grzelec ◽

Romanika Okraszewska

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Rail Transport ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

Main Determinant ◽

The Public ◽

Transport Behavior ◽

Transport Services ◽

Administrative Units ◽

Public Transport Services ◽

Selection Of

Transport behaviors and preferences have an impact on modal split, which is why they should form the basis for shaping the public transport offer. Achieving the goals of sustainable mobility requires taking into account differences in transport behavior and preferences characterizing residents from different areas of the agglomeration. Analyzing differences in behaviors and preferences, the possibilities and limitations resulting from the mass character of public transport services and the fact that the main determinant of the offer is the space determined by displacements in the source-target relation should be taken into account. This article identifies differences in transport behavior and preferences of residents based on the center and suburbs of the Gdańsk agglomeration. At the same time, a preliminary attempt was made to explain the causes of specific differences in residents’ behavior and transport preferences, taking into account the limited volume ofpublication. The share of public transport in the implementation of travel decreases with the distance of the area of residence from the center of the agglomeration. The increase in the share of rail transport in travel affects the increase in the importance of waiting time and the lack of change as a decisive factor in the selection of cars in trips. Transport preferences are strongly diversified in individual areas. Differences are noticeable even in the center areas constituting separate administrative units.

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Development of material and technical base urban transport companies in Western Siberia in years of eighth five-year plan (1966–1970)

Omsk Scientific Bulletin Series Society History Modernity ◽

10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-4-9-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

M. K. Alafiev ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Rolling Stock ◽

Passenger Traffic ◽

Transport Services ◽

Technical Base ◽

Urban Public Transport ◽

New Type

The article discusses the main activities of state authorities, labor collectives of transport enterprises in Western Siberia to improve the operation of urban public transport in the region during the eighth five-year plan (1966-1970). During the study period, the increase in the level of transport services for urban residents was directly related to measures to develop and strengthen the material and technical base of passenger transport enterprises, technical re-equipment of automobile and tram rolling stock, and construction of a new type of public transport in Western Siberia – the urban trolleybus. The author comes to the conclusion that during the eighth five-year plan, urban public transport enterprises in the region received significant material and technical development, which became the basis for increasing the volume of passenger traffic and improving the quality of transport services for the urban population of the West Siberian region

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Administration of Urban Public Transport in the Largest Polish Cities

Polish Political Science Review ◽

10.2478/ppsr-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 70-88

Author(s):

Przemysław Żukiewicz

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Service Providers ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Public And Private ◽

Regional Administration ◽

Transport Services ◽

The Future ◽

Urban Public Transport

AbstractIn this article, we compare the solutions which the largest Polish cities apply to effectively manage and administer public urban transport. We pay attention to the legal, administrative, and political limitations of current activities; we also analyse public transport strategies in terms of plans for the future. We state that large Polish cities prefer to entrust public transport services to fully dependent companies, do not seek to diversify service providers and do not allow the coexistence of public and private operators. Our research is the first comparative study which has used the eleven largest Polish cities as a research sample. Its results are important not only for decision-makers, but also for entrepreneurs in the transport industry. Not only does our analysis prove that, currently, urban transport in the largest Polish cities is carried out mostly by companies which fully belong to cities, but also that the future strategies of the target state will not be determined by political decision makers at all, or no significant changes are foreseen. In the largest Polish cities in the future, the tramway sector will be fully controlled by municipal companies; in the bus transport sector, private carriers will be able to count on a maximum of 20–30% share of transport work while the railway sector will remain under the control of regional administration, not local urban administration.

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How upright a public bus transport system is desirable for sustainable mobility?

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.3280/efe2020-001004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-61

Author(s):

Pragati Jain ◽

Prerna Jain ◽

Roopesh Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Positive Association ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Sustainable Mobility ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Bus Transport ◽

Bus System

Sustainable mobility demands the inclusion of environment, social and economic sustainabil-ity. Public transport especially the bus system can be explored to fulfill these three sub goals. Globally the uses of personal vehicles have noticed an exponential growth owing to high per capita income and not up to the mark standards of public transport system. The emphasis on the requirement to probe significant questions while designing urban transport policies moti-vates this study to investigate what an ideal public bus system should be like, in the eyes of, those who either do not use or have shifted from public to private mode of travel. A survey on 1554 respondents is conducted to identify the various attributes that the public desire for, of a public bus system. These 12 items or attributes are clubbed into four categories using factor analysis. The logit regression run on the binary outcome "Shift" variable of opting or not opt-ing for public bus system with the four predicator variables (institutional, personnel, personal and qualitative) obtained using factor analysis shows positive association of improvement in these predicators to the outcome of opting for public transport.

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Evaluation of Transport and Location Policies to Realize the Carbon-Free Urban Society

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Shinichi Muto ◽

Hiroto Toyama ◽

Akina Takai

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Computable General Equilibrium ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Urban Society ◽

Transport Policy ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Environmental Tax ◽

The Public ◽

Combination Policy

The Japanese Government has declared that it will become carbon-free by 2050. Urban planning to realize a carbon-free society is proposed in the context of urban transport policy, which are policies to agglomerate urban facilities and link among them by public transport. However, transport and location policies to regulate land use are afraid to generate an economic loss. It is important to evaluate not only the effects of reducing GHG emissions but also economic influence. In this paper, we built the Computable General Equilibrium and Urban Economic (CGEUE) model, which modeled the transport and location behavior of each economic agent for a detailed area explicitly. We evaluated some transport and location policies such as (1) conversion from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, (2) improvement of public transport, (3) environmental tax and (4) making city compact by using the CGEUE model. As a result, it can be concluded that the combination policy of improving the public transport policy and environmental tax is the most effective under the conditions of these simulation results.

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Public transport as a social-legal phenomenon in the example of the city of Nizhnevartovsk (Khanty Mansi autonomous area Ugra)

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201823904027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 239 ◽

pp. 04027 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

V.A. Lez’er ◽

N.A. Semeryanova ◽

A.V. Kopytova

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Public Transport ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Private Regulation ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Regional Features ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

Urban Public Transport

The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the presence of contradictions that have arisen in the public and private regulation of relations in the provision of services to the population in the sphere of urban public transport and predetermines the need for coordinated legal regulation of transport relations, taking into account the specific functioning of public urban transport and its regional features. Such an approach will allow building public relations in the field of transportation in order to ensure not only effective regulation, but also its effective protection. Conclusions: In this connection, it is proposed to create a regional concept of transport development that takes into account the socio-economic characteristics of the region on the basis of monitoring of administrative-territorial units in order to identify priority areas and increase transport accessibility in every city in the region. Further improvement of the legislative regulation of this sphere will be futile without realizing that under current conditions the socio-economic and natural conditions of each particular region should be taken into account; it is simply necessary, as well as building parity between the population, the transport companies and the state.

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INTEGRATION OF THE PARATRANSIT IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM / PARATRANSPORTO INTEGRAVIMO Į MIESTO VIEŠOJO TRANSPORTO SISTEMĄ ASPEKTŲ TYRIMAS

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2015.831 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 533-539

Author(s):

Alina Verseckienė

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Essential Condition ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Transport Services ◽

Urban Public Transport

The demand of transport grows along with road traffic. Congestion costs 1% of the GDP of European Union (European Union 2014) and also causes significant emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. This problem could be solved by transfering a part of passengers from private modes of transport to the public transport. But the essential condition is a sustainable development which means the accessibility on equal terms. Therefore, attention to the focus group – people with movement impairements, is neccessary. Since even under ideal conditions some of those people will not be able to use the ordinary public transport services, a special transportation service, called paratransit, should be offered. In this paper the parameters of paratransit as well as their variations are analyzed. Also the wider application possibilities are considered. The aspects of integration of paratransit into the existing system, pottential barriers for the integration and conditions for the integration are highlighted. The main purpose of this paper is to formulate the scenarios for the integration of paratransit into the existing public transport system based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the best practices, which could be used to form a policy of improving the accessibility of the public transport for people with movement impairments. Transporto paklausa nuolat auga, o kartu su ja ir kelių eismo intensyvumas. Spūstys Europoje kasmet sudaro apie 1 % jos BVP (Europos Sąjunga 2014), dėl jų išmetama daug anglies dioksido ir kitų nepageidaujamų teršalų. Ši problema miestuose gali būti sprendžiama perkėlus dalį keleivių iš privataus į viešąjį transportą. Tačiau labai svarbu, kad vykdomi projektai atitiktų tvarios plėtros principus, pagal kuriuos numatomas viešojo transporto prieinamumas lygiomis teisėmis. Todėl būtinas dėmesys tikslinei žmonių grupei – žmonėms, turintiems judėjimo apribojimų. Kadangi dalis tų žmonių netgi esant idealioms sąlygoms negalės naudotis tradiciniu viešuoju transportu, jiems yra būtina specialioji transporto paslauga, vadinama paratransportu. Šiame straipsnyje yra išskiriami paratransporto paslaugos parametrai, jų variacijos. Taip pat analizuojamos platesnės šios paslaugos pritaikomumo galimybės. Išskiriami transportinės paslaugos integravimo į esamą viešojo transporto sistemą aspektai bei potencialūs barjerai ir sąlygos paratransporto paslaugai įdiegti. Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis mokslinės literatūros ir gerosios patirties analize suformuluoti paratransporto įdiegimo į veikiančią viešojo transporto sistemą scenarijus, kurie gali būti taikomi formuojant viešojo transporto prieinamumo žmonėms, turintiems judėjimo apribojimų, tobulinimo politiką.

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Premises and Limitations of Free Public Transport Implementation

Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina ◽

10.26552/com.c.2019.4.13-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Grzegorz Dydkowski ◽

Jozef Gnap

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Public Management ◽

The Public ◽

Goods And Services ◽

City Environment ◽

Transport Services ◽

Transport Economics ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

Urban Public Transport ◽

The City

For many years issues of the free provision of transport services, including urban public transport, were outside the main trends of transport economics considerations. However, nowadays, the discussion is ongoing related to usefulness and limitations of the free urban public transport implementation. Protection of the city environment, reduction of personal cars traffic, and increased accessibility and mobility in cities are given as premises for such solution introduction. However, assessments of introduced solutions may not necessarily confirm the assumptions made. Financial problems and those in provision of services - characteristic of goods and services provided for free - add to that. The paper has undertaken the issue related to premises and limitations related to introduction of the fare free urban public transport in regard to the pursuit of effectiveness in the public management.

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