scholarly journals Rice as a Foodstuff in Ancient and Byzantine "Materia Medica"

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
De Re ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
The Impact

The present study discusses dietetic qualities of rice and culinary recipes pertaining to its preparation as demonstrated in ancient and Byzantine medical treatises compiled between 1st and 7th cent. A.D. (Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasius, Anthimus, Alexander of Tralles, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina). The evidence (in the part touching on gastronomic applications of rice) also includes De re coquinaria attributed to Apicius. The article consists of three parts. The first analyzes sources and modern literature to assess the impact of rice on the Greco-Roman and Byzantine agriculture. The results of the analysis confirm the scholarly opinion that rice was never popular in the Mediterranean in the ancient and early Byzantine periods. A slow and gradual change in its status appeared along with the Arab agricultural revolution. The second chapter of the study is devoted to dietetic characterizations of rice and presents features attributed to the cereal over the ages. The authors come to the conclusion that the most frequent characteristics of the crop which appear in the analyzed sources are its indigestibility, unwholesomeness, astringency (styptic action) as well as the ability to slow down the work of the alimentary tract. The final part of the article tries to retrieve from medical and culinary writings main culinary guidelines according to which rice was prepared as food. The authors conclude that, as a rule, the cereal was not used for bread baking, though it is likely that it was utilized in making cakes. Rice usually was the basis for preparation thick, gruel-like dishes which were normally compared to chondros or poltos, less thick soups which were said to be similar to ptisane, and watery, thin concoctions called chyloi, created by diluting rice stock.

Rice as food and medication in ancient and Byzantine medical literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Medical Writings

AbstractThe article discusses rice (ὄρυζα) on the basis of medical writings compiled between the first and seventh centuries, and consists of four parts. The first tries to assess the spread of rice in the Greco-Roman agriculture. The results of the analysis support conclusions present in the literature and confirm the fact that rice was never popular in the Mediterranean in antiquity and later during the period of early and middle Byzantium. A gradual change in its status appeared along with the Arab agricultural revolution. The second chapter of the study is devoted to dietetic characterizations of rice and enlists features attributed to it, which were consistently made use of in medical procedures. The third part of the study tries to retrieve from medical writings main culinary guidelines concerning rice. The authors conclude that the cereal usually was the basis for preparation of cooked dishes and was hardly ever used in baking. The fourth chapter enumerates medical procedures which included rice (cure of intestinal problems, hemorrhages, other ailments resulting in excessive excretion of fluids of the body, gout etc.).

A Rhetorics of the Word

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Call And Response ◽  
Hermann Broch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

A Rhetorics of the Word is the second volume of a three-part philosophy of Christian life. It approaches Christian life as expressive of a divine calling or vocation. The word Church (ekklesia) and the role of naming in baptism indicate the fundamental place of calling in Christian life. However, ideas of vocation are difficult to access in a world shaped by the experience of disenchantment. The difficulties of articulating vocation are explored with reference to Weber, Heidegger, and Kierkegaard. These are further connected to a general crisis of language, manifesting in the degradation of political discourse (Arendt) and the impact of new communications technology on human discourse. This impact can be seen as reinforcing an occlusion of language in favour of rationality already evidenced in the philosophical tradition and technocratic management. New possibilities for thinking vocation are pursued through the biblical prophets (with emphasis on Buber’s and Rosenzweig’s reinterpretation of the call of Moses), Saint John, and Russian philosophies of language (Florensky to Bakhtin). Vocation emerges as bound up with the possibility of being name-bearers, enabling a mutuality of call and response. This is then evidenced further in ethics and poetics, where Levinas and Hermann Broch (The Death of Virgil) become major points of reference. In conclusion, the themes of calling and the name are seen to shape the possibility of love—the subject of the final part of the philosophy of Christian life: A Metaphysics of Love.

Agricultural education and Italian primary school teachers: the Romagna in the late nineteenth century

Modern Italy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Omar Mazzotti ◽  
Massimo Fornasari
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the dissemination of agricultural education in primary schools in the Romagna, an important rural area in post-unification Italy. The topic is explored within a wider perspective, analysing the impact of institutional changes – at both the national and local levels – on the transmission of agricultural knowledge in primary education during the final quarter of the nineteenth century. Two particular elements of the process are examined: students, as the intended beneficiaries of the educational process; and teachers, who as well as having a key role in reducing the extent of illiteracy were sometimes also involved in disseminating agricultural knowledge. The transfer of that knowledge appears to have been a very challenging task, not least because of the scant interest that Italy's ruling class showed towards this issue. However, increasing importance seems to have been given to agricultural education in primary schools during the economic crisis of the 1880s, when the expansion of this provision was thought to be among the factors that might help to prepare the ground for the hoped-for ‘agricultural revolution’.

scholarly journals Evaluating #MeToo: The Perspective of Criminal Law Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-846
Author(s):  
Tatjana Hörnle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article describes the #MeToo-movement in the United States and Germany and discusses the merits and problems of this social phenomenon. It highlights the fact that some features of #MeToo (blaming and sanctioning wrongdoers) resemble those of criminal punishment and thus require careful justification. In the final part, the author examines the impact of the #MeToo-movement on criminal law reform.

Marriage and Sexual Relations in the New Testament World

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Loader
Keyword(s):  
Roman Society ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marital Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Understanding

After a brief overview of the social context and role of marriage and sexuality in Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures, the chapter traces the impact of the Genesis creation narratives, positively and negatively, on how marriage and sexuality were seen both in the present and in depictions of hope for the future. Discussion of pre-marital sex, incest, intermarriage, polygyny, divorce, adultery, and passions follows. It then turns to Jesus’ reported response to divorce, arguing that the prohibition sayings should be read as assuming that sexual intercourse both effects permanent union and severs previous unions, thus making divorce after adultery mandatory, the common understanding and legal requirement in both Jewish and Greco-Roman society of the time. It concludes by noting both the positive appreciation of sex and marriage, grounded in belief that they are God’s creation, and the many dire warnings against sexual wrongdoing, including adulterous attitudes and uncontrolled passions.

scholarly journals Social orphanhood – towards learning and understanding to bring help

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Monika Kiszka
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Parental Behaviour ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the article is to describes the impact of parental behaviour on children’s lives. The main body discusses the neglect of parental duties and the misguided attitude towards raising children exhibited by some parents. Additionally, the article describes the phenomenon of orphanhood and its connection with the problems that some parents are unable to cope with. The second part focuses on the most harmful consequences of certain negative behaviours exhibited by some parents. The final part of the article is a list of personality disorders and the other problems that children suffering from social orphanhood may experience.

scholarly journals Otwarte kody źródłowe i moda

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Alicja Raciniewska
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Material Production ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the Internet and digital technologies on the contemporary fashion system is undeniable and evident in almost every aspect of its operation – in the techniques of design, material production, sales and distribution, methods of communication, consumption and, finally, the fashion education. There is no place to discuss all these areas in this article, so therefore, I will focus on the issue relatively poorly discussed in our country, which is the application of the open source philosophy in fashion. In the first part of this article the most important assumptions of the open source movement is presented. The second discusses the most important actors and practices of open source in fashion. The final part of the article is devoted to the evaluation of the analyzed phenomenon.

scholarly journals Political cleavages, party voter linkages and the impact of voters’ socio-economic status on vote-choice in Iceland, 1983-2016/17

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Eva H. Önnudóttir ◽  
Ólafur Þ. Harðarson
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
New Parties ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In the research presented in this paper, we analyse whether the structure of the political cleavage system in Iceland has changed since 1983, as well as whether the impacts of party-voter linkages and the social structure of the vote have changed between 1983 and 2016/2017. Based on official data and the Icelandic National Election Study (ICENES), we find that the rural-urban cleavage and left-right cleavage, which are reflected in party polarisation on the left-right spectrum, are as important today as previously. Our main results regarding the impacts of party-voter linkages and the social-structure of the vote is that the core bonds of party identification, left-right distances and the social structure of the vote have weakened over time, whereas the impact of party sympathy has become stronger. This, we argue, reflects that while there has been a gradual change in the impact of party-voter linkages and the social structure of the vote, opening up a space for new parties to succeed, the political cleavage system has remained intact. The major change has thus occurred in the bond between voters and parties and not in the structure of party competition in Iceland.

Resources of IlmulAmraz during early Abbasid caliph (7th-9th C.E) up to the work of Al-Razi

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Khan Nazia Zubair ◽  
Shaikh Saleem Ahmad ◽  
Wasim Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Zulkifle ◽  
Shahnawaz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Input Processing ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Disease Concepts ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Aim and Objective:The literature of Ilmul Amraz occupies a pedestal position in Unani medicine.The literature, however, is scattered among many manuscripts and requires being collected and compiled for better understanding and comprehension of disease concepts of Unani medicine. The material has been collected from the original resourcesof early Abbasid caliph (from7th-9thC.E) till the period of Al-Razi and briefly introduced in this article. Material and Methodology: The proposed literary research is conducted through ‘input-processing-output’ approach. The literature has been collected from different classical texts, reference books and various digitalized mode. Conclusion: The present review article underlines the contributions of Arab physicians, their original works, innovations, and practical experiences. The impact of theoretical contribution of Al Razi manifests in ancient Greco-Roman theory of diseases. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.228-233

Early Jewish Interpretation

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-158
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pregill
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Translation ◽  
Golden Calf ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religious Landscape

This chapter examines the earliest traditions of interpretation of the Golden Calf narrative, found in Jewish literature of the Greco-Roman period; these early retellings of the narrative are deeply colored by apologetic concerns. Major shifts in interpretation can be charted over the course of a few short centuries during this era due to rapid changes in the cultural and religious landscape. While the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, is frank regarding the Israelites’ sin of idolatry, the versions of the Golden Calf episode found in Philo, Pseudo-Philo, and Josephus are concerned to minimize the impact of attacks on the Jewish community and its traditions from gentile outsiders, and so represent the story in ways intended to mitigate the impression of Israel’s idolatry. Early rabbinic exegetes, in contrast, are relatively candid about Israel’s sin with the Calf. However, the emergence of the Christian movement, which entailed the revision of numerous biblical stories, including new understandings of the Calf narrative, induced rabbinic exegetes to approach the Calf narrative with a new sense of circumspection and caution in order to counter rival interpretations that were potentially harmful to the reputation and self-conception of the Jewish community.

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