Peanut genotypes with high chlorophyll content and low leaf temperature are preferred in breeding program for drought prone areas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Shaibu, ◽  
B. N. Motagi ◽  
K. S. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
High Chlorophyll Content

An understanding of drought stress and water use in relation to plant growth is of importance for sustainable agriculture. Groundnut genotypes respond differently to different stages of drought stress. The aim of this research was to study the response of groundnut genotypes to different stages of moisture stress. Seven groundnut genotypes (Samnut 25, Kwankwaso, Maibargo, Samnut 23, Samnut 24, EX dakar, and Samnut 21) and three water supply (80% field capacity, 40% field capacity and without irrigation) with three replications were used for the study. The water stress was imposed after 14 days of initial growth of the plants and was maintained by using TDR to check the moisture level every three days. Significant differences was observed between the genotypes for leaf temperature and chlorophyll content at two weeks after imposition of moisture stress. Also, significant differences was observed between the moisture levels for all variable measured except for the chlorophyll content before imposing moisture stress. An interaction effect was observed between the genotypes and water stress for root length and Mai Bargo produced the highest root length when terminal drought was simulated. The research shows that the genotypes have varying responses to leaf temperature and chlorophyll content and will consistently vary under different moisture stresses. Therefore, genotypes identified with high chlorophyll content and low leaf temperature can be selected as parents for further breeding program or introduction into drought prone areas.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260960
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahran Aslam ◽  
Fozia Farhat ◽  
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui ◽  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10–67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.

scholarly journals Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽  
Ali DADKHODAIE ◽  
Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽  
Bahram HEIDARI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

scholarly journals Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Suerlani Aparecida Ferreira Moreira ◽  
Pablo Fernando Santos Alves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Corsato ◽  
Alcinei Mistico Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage. Drought is the main constraint on maize production in developing nations. Differences during development between genetic materials of maize grown under water restriction suggest that the plant can be improved with a view to its adaptation. In maize, sensitivity to water stress can occur at any stage of its phenological development. However, few studies report its effects on the vegetative phase of the cycle. On this basis, this study was conducted to examine how shoot and root-system indices are expressed in cultivation under water deficit as well as determine which indicators best explain the difference between hybrids in the evaluated water regimes. Commercial seeds of hybrids BR1055 and DKB-390 (drought-tolerant) and BRS1010 (drought-sensitive) were germinated in PVC tubes (1.0 m × 0.1 m) in a randomized complete block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment was developed in a greenhouse where two water regimes were tested: no water stress and with water stress from the VE stage. The soil consisted of quartz sand mixed with a commercial fertilizer. Stem and root traits were evaluated up to the V5 growth stage. Relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, stem length, phenology, shoot dry biomass, root length, root dry biomass, root surface area, root volume and D95 were responsive to water deficit. The parameters that allowed the distinction between the hybrids in water the regimes were relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, phenology and average root diameter.

scholarly journals Use of Antitranspirants to Reduce Water Stress on Herbaceous and Woody Ornamentals

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Dunn ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Better Than

Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential means for reducing moisture stress in nine herbaceous and woody ornamental species. In Expt. 1 (2009), a water only control treatment and the antitranspirant Stasis™ at two different rates were applied as a drench application before inducing drought stress in the greenhouse by withholding water for two weeks. No significant differences in visual ratings in relation to plant quality were detected among treatments 5 days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were better for Veronica at the lower Stasis™ rate, Hibiscus at the low and higher Stasis™ rate, and Weigela at lower and higher Stasis™ rate compared to no Stasis™. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were worse for Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, and Salvia at both low and high Stasis™ rates; but, were better for Hibiscus and Weigela at the lower and higher Stasis™ rates compared to the no Stasis™ treatment. In Expt. 2 (2010), the antitranspirants Stasis™ and Root-Zone were evaluated along with a no antitranspirant and well-watered control treatments at single rates. No significant differences in visual ratings existed among treatments five days after application for any species. At 10 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis, Forsythia, Nandina, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone compared to no antitranspirant application. Visual ratings for Rudbeckia and Salvia with Stasis™, and Euonymus with Root-Zone were also better than the stress treatment at 10 days after treatment. At 15 days after treatment, visual ratings were higher for Coreopsis and Salvia with Stasis™ compared to the stress treatment. Rudbeckia, Euonymus, and Weigela with Stasis™ or Root-Zone and Nandina with Root-Zone all had better visual ratings than the stress treatment. Evapotranspiration was not reduced for any Stasis™ or Root-Zone treatment for any species in either experiment compared to control stress treatments.

scholarly journals Water Stress in Dwarfing Cherry Rootstocks: Increased Carbon Partitioning to Roots Facilitates Improved Tolerance of Drought

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Will Wheeler ◽  
Brent Black ◽  
Bruce Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Cherry orchards are transitioning to high-density plantings and dwarfing rootstocks to maximize production, but the response of these rootstocks to drought stress is poorly characterized. We used a 16-container, automated lysimeter system to apply repeated water stress to ungrafted Krymsk® 5 and 6 rootstocks during two growing cycles. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until the daily transpiration rate of each tree was 25% and 30% of the unstressed rate during the first trial and second trial, respectively. After this point was reached, the root-zone water status was restored to field capacity. Whole-tree transpiration measurements were supplemented with leaf-level gas-exchange measurements. Krymsk® 6 had a higher rate of photosynthesis, more vigorous vegetative growth and less conservative stomatal regulation during incipient drought than Krymsk® 5. At harvest, carbon partitioning to roots was greater in Krymsk® 6 than Krymsk® 5. The conservative rate of water use in Krymsk® 5 could be a function of greater stomatal control or reduced carbon partitioning to roots, which thereby limited transpiration rates. Further studies are needed to confirm that these results are applicable to trees grown using a common grafted scion under field conditions.

scholarly journals Use of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide for Better Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Deficit Conditions: Growth, Osmoregulation, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Habib ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidative Defense

The present experiment was carried out to study the influences of exogenously-applied nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as seed primers on growth and yield in relation with different physio-biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities, and osmolyte accumulation in wheat plants grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stress (60% field capacity) conditions. During soaking, the seeds were covered and kept in completely dark. Drought stress markedly reduced the plant growth, grain yield, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic content (TPC), total soluble proteins (TSP), leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf turgor potential (Ψp), osmotic potential (Ψs), and leaf relative water content (LRWC), while it increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the accumulation of leaf ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro), glycine betaine (GB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2. However, seed priming with SNP and H2O2 alone and in combination mitigated the deleterious effects of water stress on growth and yield by improving the Ψw, Ψs, Ψp, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes accumulation (GB and Pro), TSP, and the antioxidative defense mechanism. Furthermore, the application of NO and H2O2 as seed primers also reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents. The effectiveness was treatment-specific and the combined application was also found to be effective. The results revealed that exogenous application of NO and H2O2 was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth and grain yield by regulating plant–water relations, the antioxidative defense mechanism, and accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation.

Responses of Weedy Rice to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Ding ◽  
Xiao Liang Liu ◽  
Dian Rong Ma ◽  
Xiao Xue Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. Rice is the staple food for more than 23% of world population, so rice anti-drought physiology study is of importance to rice production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace of progress is not so large because of drought resistance being a multiple-gene-control quantitative character. On the other hand, stress adaptive mechanisms are quite different, with stress degree, time course, materials, soil quality status and experimental plots, thus increasing the complexity of the issue in question. Additionally, a little study is related to weedy rice.In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG-6000) are used to generate -1.33MPa and 0MPa water stress in a laboratory condition (28±3°C). Complete randomized design with three replications is used in the study. After 10 days of germination, shoot length, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root numbers are measured; germination percentage, and root to shoot ratio are calculated. Germination index (GI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI) and dry matter stress index (DMSI) are used to evaluate the response of different genotypes to PEG-induced water stress. Results of ANOVA analysis show that responses of weedy rice accessions and cultivated rice varieties to water stress are significant different, demonstrating the germplasm of weedy rice and cultivated rice are diverse which enables us to screen the germplasm tolerant to drought stress.

Effect of morpho-physiological traits on grain yield of sorghum grown under stress at different growth stages, and stability analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANKARAPANDIAN ◽  
S. AUDILAKSHMI ◽  
V. SHARMA ◽  
K. GANESAMURTHY ◽  
H. S. TALWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SUMMARYRecent trends in climate change resulting in global warming and extreme dry spells during rainy seasons are having a negative impact on grain and fodder production in rain-fed crops in India. Understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance at various growth stages will help in developing tolerant genotypes. Crosses were made between elite and drought-tolerant sorghums, and F2and F3progenies were evaluated for drought tolerance in multiple locations. Twenty-five F4/F5derivatives along with drought-tolerant check plants (two high-yielding genotypes showing moderate drought tolerance: C43 (male parent of the commercial hybrid CSH 16, tolerant to drought) and CSV 17, (a pure line commercial cultivar released for drought-prone areas) were screened for drought tolerance under a factorial randomized block design with three replications during the rain-free months of April–June in 2007 and 2008 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kovilpatti, India. In each generation/year, four trials were conducted and water stress at different phases of crop growth,viz. vegetative, flowering and post-flowering (maturity), was imposed by withholding irrigation. Observations were recorded on grain and straw yields, plant height, number of roots, root length, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance under all treatments. The traits, grain yield, plant height, average root length and stomatal conductance showed significant mean sums of squares (SSs) for genotype × environment (G × E), suggesting that genotypes had significant differential response to the changing environments. Significant mean SSs due to G × E (linear) were obtained for straw yield, LRWC and chlorophyll content, indicating that the variability is partly genetic and partly influenced by environment. Grain yield was correlated with chlorophyll content (r = 0·43) at the vegetative stage, with number of roots (r = 0·49), LRWC (r = 0·51), chlorophyll content (r = 0·46) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·51) at the pre-flowering stage, and with LRWC (r = 0·50) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·40) at the post-flowering stage, under water stress. Partial least square (PLS) analysis showed that different traits were important for grain yield under water stress at different growth stages. Pyramiding the genes for the traits responsible for high grain yield under stress will help in developing stable genotypes at different stages of plant growth.

scholarly journals Root morphology and root characters of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
ARUNKUMAR K
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Aim of this study to screened the root morphology and root characters of different cocoa types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition at seedling stage. A survey was conducted at Idukki region of Kerala and twenty seven plus trees were identified. These twenty seven plus trees were screened for water stress tolerance under glasshouse condition by gravimetric method. With respect to the performance of plus trees, root length under 50% field capacity got increased to 21.15 cm as against 20.51 cm in 100 per cent field capacity. Fresh root weight and dry root weight substantially got increased under water stress. The average root girth of 27 plus trees got increased in stressed condition from 3.70 cm to 3.88 cm. The root volume also followed the same trend (47.28 as against 45.96). The percent of nitrogen is 1.37 in 50 per cent field capacity as against 1.63 in 100 per cent field capacity. The percentage of phosphorous decreased to 0.16 under 50 per cent field capacity as against 0.37 in 100 per cent field capacity. Similarly the percentage of potassium also showed a decreasing trend (1.27 % under 100 % field capacity to 1.06 % under 50 % field capacity). In the present investigation, under water stress condition the root length, number of roots, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root tends to increase compared to the 100 per cent field capacity, indicating the morphological adaptations of roots to survive under water stress condition. Furthermore, under water stress condition, root nutrients tend to get depleted.

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