scholarly journals Climate Change and Agriculture: An Indian Perspective: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Shukla ◽  
B.L. Jangid ◽  
Vikas Khandelwal ◽  
A. Keerthika ◽  
A.K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
World Food Security

Industrial revolution and fast deforestation in 20th century pushes the earth to face climate change. Climate change became one of the most important global environmental challenges of the 21st century. Besides other weather abnormalities it is potential threat to world food security as agriculture production is directly dependent on various weather parameters. Even a small alteration in climate, adversely affects agriculture by decreasing the production. Global temperatures have already increased by 0.70°C over the past century and prediction of more rise of temperature is there. Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly impact crop growth. India could experience a 40% decline in agricultural productivity by the 2080s. Various food grain crops are going to affect badly under the temperature rise situation. It has been projected that under the scenario of a 2.50°C to 4.90°C temperature rise, rice yields will drop by 32% to 40% and wheat yields by 41% to 52%. This paper summarized study related to climate change projections and its impact on production of various crops.

Global climate change and its ecological consequences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Frequent Response

The greenhouse effect is a simple consequence of an atmosphere containing gases that are transparent to visible light but which absorb infra-red radiation (radiatively active or greenhouse gases). The temperature of the lower troposphere is set by the radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere, and is determined predominantly by the CO2 concentration. Man has been adding radiatively active gases to the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution, and this has led to an increase in the energy in the lower atmosphere, and thus a rise in its temperature. The bulk of the extra energy (~90%) has entered the ocean, which has also warmed significantly over the past century. The rate and extent of warming varies across the planet, depending on local circumstances. Palaeoecological studies have shown that changes in distribution have been a frequent response to climate change, though this requires somewhere for the organisms to move to. Many organisms have shifted their distribution in response to recent climate change. Many organisms have also shifted the timing of life-cycle events (phenology), with migration, breeding in animals, and germination, emergence, leafing and flowering in plants all occurring earlier in some (but not all) species. There are also changes in size, with some species becoming smaller as the climate warms.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE HISTORICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Kneev Sharma ◽  
Dimitre Karamanev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

Understanding the fundamental relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature rise is essential for tackling the problem of climate change that faces us today. Misconceptions regarding the relationship are widespread due to media and political influences. This investigation aims to address the popular misconception that CO2 concentration directly and naturally leads to global temperature rise. While anthropogenic CO2 emissions seem to affect the rising global atmospheric temperature with a confidence of 95%, it falters when the historical relationship using ice core data is studied. This investigation uses two statistical approaches to determine an accurate range and direction for this important relationship. Through a combined approach, it was found that historically CO2 concentration in the last 650 000 years lags global temperature rise by 1020-1080 years with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.8371-0.8372. This result is important for the investigation of climate change.

scholarly journals Durability and Mechanical Characteristics of Blast-Furnace Slag Based Activated Carbon-Capturing Concrete with Respect to Cement Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Seungwon Kim ◽  
Cheolwoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Furnace Slag

The recent abnormal temperature phenomena such as the rise of global mean temperature and sea level due to global climate change are clear threats that can no longer be overlooked to the human beings who have pursued indiscriminate development and rapid growth. Climate change has emerged as a serious risk that threatens the survival of the entire human race from the environmental and ecological aspects, despite international efforts for several decades. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by approximately 39% since the industrial revolution. Even if carbon emissions are stopped right now, it is expected to take at least 50–200 years to return to the CO2 level before the industrial revolution. Therefore, we conducted an experimental study to develop a carbon-capturing concrete that has active as well as passive carbon reduction functions using blast-furnace slag, an industrial byproduct, instead of cement. For active carbon reduction, we used calcium hydroxide and sodium silicate as carbon capture activators, and conducted tests on mechanical properties and durability characteristics.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Rice Production: Evidence from Rajshahi District in Bangladesh

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Shahjahan Ali ◽  
Bikash Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Ataul Gani Osmani ◽  
Elias Hossain ◽  
Csaba Fogarassy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

A lack of adaptive capacities for climate change prevents poor farmers from diversifying agricultural production in Bangladesh’s drought-resilient areas. Climate change adaptation strategies can reduce the production risk relating to unforeseen climatic shocks and increase farmers’ food, income, and livelihood security. This paper investigates rice farmers’ adaptive capacities to adapt climate change strategies to reduce the rice production risk. The study collected 400 farm-level micro-data of rice farmers with the direct cooperation of Rajshahi District. The survey was conducted during periods between June and July of 2020. Rice farmers’ adaptive capacities were estimated quantitatively by categorizing the farmers as high, moderate, and low level adapters to climate change adaptation strategies. In this study, a Cobb–Douglas production function was used to measure the effects of farmers’ adaptive capacities on rice production. The obtained results show that farmers are moderately adaptive in terms of adaptation strategies on climate change and the degree of adaptation capacities. Agronomic practices such as the quantity of fertilizer used, the amount of labor, the farm’s size, and extension contacts have a substantial impact on rice production. This study recommends that a farmer more significantly adjusts to adaptation strategies on climate change to reduce rice production. These strategies will help farmers to reduce the risk and produce higher quality rice. Consequently, rice farmers should facilitate better extension services and change the present agronomic practice to attain a higher adaptation status. It can be very clearly seen that low adaptability results in lower rice yields.

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María Carmen Antolín ◽  
María Toledo ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

scholarly journals Situating Indigenous Resilience: Climate Change and Tayal’s “Millet Ark” Action in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10676
Author(s):  
Yih-Ren Lin ◽  
Pagung Tomi ◽  
Hsinya Huang ◽  
Chia-Hua Lin ◽  
Ysanne Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Global Environmental

Whereas indigenous people are on the frontlines of global environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and numerous other forms of critical planetary deterioration, the indigenous experiences, responses, and cultural practices have been underestimated in the mainstream frameworks of environmental studies. This paper aims to articulate a meaningful response to recent calls to indigenous and local knowledge on food as a source of resilience in the face of global climate change. By retrieving the values and practices indigenous people of Taiwan, specifically Tayal women, associate with human and non-human ecologies, our collaborative work with the indigenous community explores indigenous resilience and its relevance to indigenous cultural knowledge and global environmental concerns. Pivoting on the “Millet Ark” action, a Tayal conservation initiative of the bio-cultural diversity of millets, this study revolves around issues of how Tayal communities adapt to the climate change, how to reclaim their voice, heritage, knowledge, place, and land through food, and how to narrate indigenous “counter-stories” of resilience and sustainability. The cultural narrative of “Millet Ark” investigates indigenous way of preserving millet bio-cultural diversity and restoring the land and community heritage, inquiring into how Tayal people are adaptive and resilient to change and therefore sustainable through the cultural and social life of millets.

Climate change in the Cameroonian press: An analysis of its representations

2020 ◽  
pp. 096366252097601
Author(s):  
Nicole Kay ◽  
Sandrine Gaymard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Climate change is a global environmental issue and its outcome will affect societies around the world. In recent years, we have seen a growing literature on media coverage of climate change, but, to date, no study has assessed the situation in Cameroon, although it is considered to be one of the world’s most affected and vulnerable regions. This study attempted to address this deficit by analysing how climate change is represented in the Cameroonian media. A similarity analysis was performed on three newspapers published in 2013–2016. Results showed that climate coverage focused on politics and international involvement. It seems disconnected from local realities, potentially opening up a spatial and social psychological distance. The relationship between the representation of climate change and that of poverty is an area for further exploration.

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