​Body Size Traits and Association with the Genetic Polymorphism of Melatonin Receptor 1A (MTNR1A) Gene in Shuxuan Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xian-bo Jia ◽  
Jia Gan ◽  
Dong-hui Fang ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
The Mean

Background: Shuxuan cattle is one newly cultivated dual-purpose breed in Sichuan province, China, by crossing the indigenous Xuanhan cattle with external breeds. Body sizes have been widely regarded as the important breed characteristics in cattle. The current study was aimed to evaluate the body sizes and its molecular inherite marker for futhure herd improvement. Methods: In the present study, we first investigated a total of 11 body size traits and their overall distribution and pairwise relationships of 169 healthy Shuxuan cattle. Subsequently, the SNP c.A455G of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene were genotyped among 169 Shuxuan cattle and subjected to association analysis with body size traits. Result: We revealed that adult females have the mean withers height of 113.5 cm, body length of 131.8 cm, chest girth of 157.5 cm and hip height of 104.8 cm, respectively. Among all these traits, the highest correlation was observed in withers height and hip height with spearman’s coefficient of 0.85. We found that Shuxuan cattle had an average heterozygosity of 0.5008 and polymorphism information content of 0.3747. Accordingly to the very stringent criterion of Bonferroni multiple adjustments, only chest width was associated with different genotypes of this candidate SNP (P less than 0.05). The results provide an overall profile of the morphological and growth characteristics in Shuxuan cattle.

Obesity and Body Size Preferences of Jordanian Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Madanat ◽  
Steven R. Hawks ◽  
Heidi N. Angeles
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Current ◽  
Healthy Body

The nutrition transition is associated with increased obesity rates and increased desire to be thin. This study evaluates the relationship between actual body size and desired body size among a representative sample of 800 Jordanian women. Using Stunkard’s body silhouettes, women were asked to identify their current and ideal body sizes, healthy body size, and their perception of the body size preferred by men. Body mass index (BMI) calculations indicate that 53.8% of the women were overweight or obese. Their mean current body size was 5, which is consistent with the mean BMI of 26 in the sample. Although 66% of the women were dissatisfied with their body size, the desired weight loss was not extreme. Pearson correlation was positive (.858, p <.0001) between measured BMI and body silhouettes chosen as an indicator of current body size. Jordanian women seemed pulled between the traditional and Westernized body preferences. Possible cultural explanations are explored.

Respiratory Exchange and Body Size in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES ◽  
R. GAYMER ◽  
MARGARET MOORE ◽  
A. J. WOAKES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

1. The O2 consumption and CO2 release of nine giant tortoises Testudo gigantea (weight range 118 g-35·5 kg) were measured at a temperature of about 25·5°C. Four European tortoises Testudo hermanni (weight range 640 g-2·16 kg) were also used. The mean RQ values obtained were 1·01 for T. gigantea and 0·97 for T. hermanni. These values were not influenced by activity or size. 2. The data was analysed by plotting log/log regression lines relating body weight to O2 consumption. Both maximum and minimum metabolic rates recorded for each individual T. gigantea showed a negative correlation with body weight. For active rates the relation was O2 consumption = 140·8W0·97, whereas for inactive animals O2 consumption = 45·47W0·82. 3. The maximum rates were obtained from animals that were observed to be active in the respirometer and the minimum rates from animals that remained quiet throughout. The scope for activity increased with body size, being 82 ml/kg/h for animals of 100 g and 103 ml/kg/h for 100 kg animals. The corresponding ratio between maximum and minimum rates increases from about 2 to 6 for the same weight range. 4. Values for metabolic rate in T. hermanni seem to be rather lower than in T. gigantea. Analysis of the relative proportion of the shell and other organs indicates that the shell forms about 31% of the body weight in adult T. hermanni but only about 18% in T. gigantea of similar size. The shell is not appreciably heavier in adult T. gigantea (about 20%). 5. Data obtained for inactive animals is in good agreement with results of other workers using lizards and snakes. Previous evidence suggesting that chelonians show no reduction in metabolic rate with increasing size is not considered to conflict with data obtained in the present work.

Questing height of nymphs of the bush tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and its closely related species, H. mageshimaensis: correlation with body size of the host

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. TSUNODA ◽  
S. TATSUZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
The Mean

The questing height (i.e. ambush height) of ticks on a plant plays an important role in host selection. To test the hypothesis that the questing height of ticks in a locality had adapted to the body size of the host in that locality, we examined the questing height of nymphs of the ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis and H. mageshimaensis, at 7 locations in Japan. Sika deer, Cervus nippon, is the primary host of these ticks and there is considerable geographical variation in the body size of sika deer. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the questing height in the field was influenced by the height of the plants and by the body size of deer at a location. However, the questing height of ticks at some locations may have been constrained by the height of the plants and might not be the same as their intrinsic questing height. When ticks were placed in vertical glass tubes in the laboratory, the questing height of ticks from a locality was correlated with the mean body size of deer at that locality. Therefore, the prominent cue determining the questing height of H. longicornis and H. mageshimaensis seems to be the body size of the host deer.

scholarly journals A skeletochronological estimate of age and growth in a large riparian frog from Madagascar (Anura, Mantellidae, Mantidactylus)

Herpetozoa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio M. Guarino ◽  
Angelica Crottini ◽  
Marcello Mezzasalma ◽  
Jasmin E. Randrianirina ◽  
Franco Andreone
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Similar Growth

We characterized the body size (as snout-vent length), age, sexual size dimorphism, and growth rate in a population of one of the larger riparian frog from Madagascar (Mantidactylusgrandidieri) from a rainforest patch close to Vevembe, SE Madagascar. We identified a significant female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Age was estimated using phalangeal skeletochronology and was significantly higher in females than in males. Modal age class turned out to be 4 years in both sexes but a large percentage of adult females (75%) fell in the 5–6 years-old classes, while no male exceeded 4 years. We here report M.grandidieri as a medium-long-lived anuran species. Von Bertalanffy’s model showed similar growth trajectories between the sexes although the growth coefficient in females (k = 0.335) was slightly but not significantly higher than in males (k = 0.329).

scholarly journals The body-size dependence of mutual interference

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 20140261 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Size Scales

The parameters that drive population dynamics typically show a relationship with body size. By contrast, there is no theoretical or empirical support for a body-size dependence of mutual interference, which links foraging rates to consumer density. Here, I develop a model to predict that interference may be positively or negatively related to body size depending on how resource body size scales with consumer body size. Over a wide range of body sizes, however, the model predicts that interference will be body-size independent. This prediction was supported by a new dataset on interference and consumer body size. The stabilizing effect of intermediate interference therefore appears to be roughly constant across size, while the effect of body size on population dynamics is mediated through other parameters.

Girth body dimensions in men and women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raed Khasawneh ◽  
I.V. Serheta ◽  
N.V. Belik ◽  
A.O. Dovhan ◽  
I.I. Zhuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Body Sizes

Today in modern medicine the study of human health is reoriented to the individual principle, which is based on the identification and study of constitutionally determined patterns of manifestation of certain diseases. The purpose of the study is to establish and analyze the features of the girth body sizes in men and women with generalized fatty form of seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity. The comprehensive body size of 40 men and 40 young women (25-44 years) with generalized fatty seborrheic dermatitis (mild and severe) was determined. The control group consisted of the girth sizes of practically healthy men (n=82) and women (n=154) of the same age group, which were selected from the database of the research center National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Statistical processing of body circumference was performed in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric evaluation methods. As a result of studies in patients with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity of men, compared with practically healthy men, found only greater values of the girth of the shoulder in a relaxed state and thighs, neck (only mild), shin in the upper part and waist (in both cases only with a severe degree), as well as smaller values of the girth of the shoulder in a tense state; and in patients of varying severity of women – greater values of the girth of the shoulder in a relaxed state, thighs, lower legs, neck, waist and all girths of the chest and both thighs (only severe), as well as smaller values of the girth of the hand (only with mild). In both men and women with seborrheic dermatitis, differences in girth body sizes are more pronounced in people with severe disease. Between men or women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity, there are no significant or trends in differences in girth body sizes. In the analysis of the manifestations of sexual dimorphism of the circumferential body size between men and women with seborrheic dermatitis found greater values in men with mild and severe disease of the upper extremities, hands, shin, feet and neck (in most cases more pronounced in representatives with mild severity), as well as only in men with mild severity – greater values of all chest girths. For a more correct understanding of changes in girth body sizes in Ukrainian men or women with seborrheic dermatitis of varying severity, it is necessary to analyze other constitutional parameters of the body.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Insulin Signaling in Relative Growth: A Case Study on Wing-Body Scaling in Lepidoptera

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1324-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Z McKenna ◽  
Della Tao ◽  
H Frederik Nijhout
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Wing Growth

Abstract Adult forms emerge from the relative growth of the body and its parts. Each appendage and organ has a unique pattern of growth that influences the size and shape it attains. This produces adult size relationships referred to as static allometries, which have received a great amount of attention in evolutionary and developmental biology. However, many questions remain unanswered, for example: What sorts of developmental processes coordinate growth? And how do these processes change given variation in body size? It has become increasingly clear that nutrition is one of the strongest influences on size relationships. In insects, nutrition acts via insulin/TOR signaling to facilitate inter- and intra-specific variation in body size and appendage size. Yet, the mechanism by which insulin signaling influences the scaling of growth remains unclear. Here we will discuss the potential roles of insulin signaling in wing-body scaling in Lepidoptera. We analyzed the growth of wings in animals reared on different diet qualities that induce a range of body sizes not normally present in our laboratory populations. By growing wings in tissue culture, we survey how perturbation and stimulation of insulin/TOR signaling influences wing growth. To conclude, we will discuss the implications of our findings for the development and evolution of organismal form.

scholarly journals Body Size Differences between Foraging and Intranidal Workers of the Monomorphic Ant Lasius niger

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Mateusz Okrutniak ◽  
Bartosz Rom ◽  
Filip Turza ◽  
Irena M. Grześ
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Worker Size ◽  
Body Sizes

The association between the division of labour and worker body size of ants is typical for species that maintain physical castes. Some studies showed that this phenomenon can be also observed in the absence of distinct morphological subcastes among workers. However, the general and consistent patterns in the size-based division of labour in monomorphic ants are largely unidentified. In this study, we performed a field experiment to investigate the link between worker body size and the division of labour of the ant Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758), which displays limited worker size variation. We demonstrated that the body size of workers exploring tuna baits is slightly but significantly smaller than the size of workers located in the upper parts of the nest. Comparing the present results with existing studies, large workers do not seem to be dedicated to work outside the nest. We suggest that monomorphic workers of certain body sizes are flexible in the choice of task they perform, and food type may be the important determinant of this choice.

scholarly journals Weight-Related Selves and Their Relationship With Body Mass Index Among Young Individuals in Curaçao

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Odette Van Brummen-Girigori ◽  
Dick P. H. Barelds
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Body Sizes

Based on the assumptions of self-discrepancy theory, the present study examined the degree of overweight, weight-related body images, and the relation between these images and body mass index (BMI) among two samples of young people from Curaçao (secondary school students, n = 176; undergraduate students, n = 205). In addition to BMI, participants reported their current, ideal, and most feared body sizes, the thinnest and largest body sizes still acceptable to them, and the body size they considered the healthiest by means of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. We expected females to show a larger discrepancy between current and ideal body size than males (Hypothesis 1) and that this discrepancy (as an indicator of body dissatisfaction) would be related more strongly to BMI among females than among males (Hypothesis 2). Results yielded support for Hypothesis 1 among secondary school students only. Only in the undergraduate sample, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related, but equally so for males and females. Possible explanations are discussed as well as implications for weight management interventions.

The size of dairy heifers

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hodges ◽  
L. K. O'Connor ◽  
W. M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The North ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. A field investigation to estimate the mean weight and chest girth of unserved Friesian, Ayrshire and Dairy Shorthorn heifers of between 3 and 24 months of age was carried out.2. Data from 1,620 Friesians, 725 Ayrshires and 455 Dairy Shorthorns in the North of England were obtained, with a mobile weighbridge and a. spring-loaded steel tape in the winter 1958–59.3. It was found that on average the Friesians were heavier and had a greater chest girth than the Ayrshires and Dairy Shorthorns, which did not differ significantly.4. These heifers were apparently reared on planes of nutrition which, judged by conventional feeding standards, may be described as ‘low’.5. After eliminating the linear effect of age by covariance analysis, highly significant differences between herds and between sires in weight and chest girth were found.6. The investigation demonstrated the feasibility and value of collecting field data on body size.

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