SEffect of Individual Selection on Growth and Carcass Characteristics in Kuttanad Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Cyriac ◽  
Leo Joseph ◽  
P. Anitha ◽  
Girbin George T.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The University ◽  
Production Characteristics ◽  
The Ideal

An experiment was conducted at the University Poultry and Duck Farm, Mannuthy, Kerala to study the effect of individual selection on growth and carcass characteristics in Kuttanad ducks. One thousand and eighty-eight day-old Kuttanad ducklings procured from progressive farmers of Kerala formed the base generation (S0). Based on body weight at eighth week, top 150 females and 25 males were selected through individual selection. From the 25 sire families, 979, 969 and 1610 ducklings were produced by artificial insemination in S1, S2 and S3 generation in pedigreed hatches. Body weight was recorded at fortnightly intervals till 12th week of age and at 18th and 40th week of age in each generation. Carcass characteristics were evaluated at 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in four generations. An improvement of 270.51 g could be recorded at 8 weeks in S3 generation. The period of active weight gain shifted to 4th and 6th week in S3 generation whereas it was 8th week in the previous generations. The results also indicated that a compensatory growth mechanism is present in ducks and they attain 90 per cent of the adult body weight by 12 weeks of age. The carcass characteristics showed that there was improvement in the dressing percentage over generations and S3 generation attained the highest yield at 8 weeks. Hence, selection for body weight at 8 weeks was effective in improving the body weight and they could attain its optimum meat production characteristics at 8 weeks and hence it could be considered as the ideal age for processing.

Nitrogen Sources in Spineless Cactus-Based Diets for Sheep in Finishing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucíola Vilarim Ferraz ◽  
Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa ◽  
Tarlan Oliveira Milanês ◽  
Maria Inês Sucupira Maciel ◽  
Juraci Marcos Alves Suassuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Composition

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different sources of nitrogen [soybean meal (SM); cottonseed meal (CM); cottonseed + urea (CU); and urea (U)] associated with spineless cactus on intake, digestibility, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of confined lambs. Forty male Santa Inês sheep, uncastrated, with initial body weight of 23.00 ± 1.66 kg were distributed in random blocks design and slaughtered after 58 days of confinement. Dry matter (DM) intake (1.16 ± 0.19 kg/day) did not differ (P > 0.05) between nitrogen sources, but the intake of crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was lower (P < 0.05) for sheep consuming CU. Sheep fed with diets containing U had lower digestibility of DM, CP and NFC (P < 0.05). The average daily gain (0.15 ± 0.04 kg/day) and the slaughter body weight (32.07 ± 2.86 kg) did not differ between nitrogen sources, but the cold carcass and loin weight was lower (P < 0.05) for sheep fed with U. The water retention capacity and meat protein content were greater (P < 0.05) for animals fed with SM. Soybean meal or cottonseed meal associated with spineless cactus-based diets for sheep meat production are recommended because it allows greater DM digestibilityand improves carcass characteristics and physicochemical composition of the meat.

scholarly journals Meat Production in a Feedlot System of Zebu—Holstein Steers and Heifers with Dairy Genetics: Productive and Biological Analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Arismar de Castro Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and biological efficiency of steers and heifers from dairy genetics in a feedlot system in terms of meat production. Twenty-four steers and 24 heifers at 10 monthes of age, (3/4) Zebu × (1/4) Holstein were utilized. They were distributed over four feedlot times, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days with four replications for each sex, and were slaughtered at the end of each period. The productive and biological analyses were performed through comparative slaughter to determine the body composition. Heifers presented with greater intakes (P<0.05) of dry matter in grams per kg of body weight. Steers presented with a greater (P<0.05) final empty body weight, carcass gain, cold carcass weight, and meat proportion in the carcass; however, heifers presented with a greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P<0.05) and, consequently, a greater (P<0.05) fat proportion in the carcass. We conclude that steers are more efficient in their productive performance than heifers in a feedlot. For the finishing carcass fat cover, heifers need 90 days in the feedlot. The net energy requirements for maintenance are 67 kcal/EBW0.75/d, and the net requirements of energy (NEg) and protein (NPg) for gain can be estimated by the following equations:NEg(Mcal/d)=0.067×EBW0.75×  EBG1.095andNPg=162×EBG-5.62×REfor the two sexes.

scholarly journals Capon Production – Breeding Stock, Rooster Castration And Rearing Methods, And Meat Quality – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Calik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Rearing Methods

Abstract Over the last decade, there has been an increased consumer interest in niche food products with special aroma and flavour, and rich in nutrients. Poland has a large (19 lines) and valuable collection of laying hens enrolled in the genetic resources conservation programme. Research to date has shown these hen breeds to vary in phenotype, productivity, and biological quality of hatching eggs and meat. A significant problem in using hens for both egg and meat production is that the number of unwanted cockerels increases with increasing intensity of egg production. This problem can be overcome by castration of cockerels. Roosters were sterilized long before Christ, first as a religious ritual and then to increase the body weight of birds. The qualities of capon meat were noticed much later when it turned out to be more delicate, juicy and tender compared to rooster meat. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on capon production, including the effects of castration on the bird’s body and on the quality of meat obtained.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals Classification of Human Weight Based on Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Shofwatul 'Uyun ◽  
Toni Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Ideal

Classification of human weight can be determined by body mass index. The body mass index can be calculated by dividing the height by the square of the body weight. According to researchers, this is less practical, so it needs to make a tool that can be used to determine ideal body weight more practically. One way is to use an Android smartphone camera. The camera is used to capture the image of the human body. Then the image is processed by using digital image processing and by using certain algorithms, so it may conclude the person's ideal weight category. The data used in this study are human photos, body weight and height. There are four stages to determine the weight and height based on the image. First, performing an analysis of the calculation of the derived formulas. Second, analyzing the edge detection algorithm. Third, conducting unit convertion, and fourth, proposing several algorithms to calculate the height and weight used to determine the ideal body weight. The results of the evaluation show that Algorithm C (measuring the width of an object starting with the height of the image adjusting half of the height of the object in the image) is the best algorithm with deviation value of 1.85% of the height and 8.87% of the weight, while the system accuracy rate in determining the ideal body weight has reached 78.7%. 

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR HIGH ADULT BODY WEIGHT IN DROSOPHILA POPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURES

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
A J Katz ◽  
S S Y Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Subdivided Populations ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Intensities

ABSTRACT Selection for high adult body weight in Drosophila melanogaster was practiced for 18 generations in three selection lines. These lines were genetically similar and of equal size but different in population structure. One line represented a large mass-selected, random-mating population, while the other two lines simulated large populations that had been subdivided into partial isolates or demes. Mass selection and random mating occurred within each deme. These two subdivided lines were different only in the rate of effective migration among the demes (5% and 10%). Selection intensities of approximately 20% were applied to these populations. A fourth line served as a random mating control. Heritability of adult body weight in the base population was estimated to be 0.58± 0.22. The results indicate that significantly greater responses were achieved in the subdivided lines than in the large mass-selected line, in spite of the fact that larger selection differentials were applied to the latter. No significant differences in response were observed between the two subdivided lines. Wright (1930, 1931) postulated that selection would be most efficient in subdivided populations with limited interdeme migration. The present findings appear to support this theory.

scholarly journals Two-way within-family and mass selection for 8-week body weight in different mouse populations

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines von Butler ◽  
Henning Willeke ◽  
Franz Pirchner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYTwo mouse populations, randombred albino mice and a cross of four inbred strains, were divergently selected for high (H8) and low (L8) 8-week body weight over 18 generations using within-family and individual selection. The crossbreds showed asymmetry of selection response and realized heritabilities (H8 0·29 ± 0·01; L8 0·17 ± 0·01). In the randombred population realized heritabilities were symmetrical (H8 0·23 ± 0·01; L8 0·22 ± 0·02). Over the first nine generations individual selection was nearly 40 per cent better than within-family selection, as was expected from the full sib correlation in both populations. As selection progressed, within-family selection reached 82% and 61% of the responses obtained with individual selection in the crossbreds and randombred respectively. Correlated responses for 3-week (weaning) and 5-week body weights agreed with observations made on direct responses, but selection for L8 did not reduce weaning weight. Selection for L8 decreased and selection for H8 increased first litter size at birth. However, mass-selected L8-pairs had a higher life-reproduction and life-span than H8-pairs.

The Gir cattle breed of India - characteristics and present status

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Gaur ◽  
S.N. Kaushik ◽  
R.C. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
One Year

SummaryThe Gir is a famous milk cattle breed of India. The native tract of the breed is Gir hills and forests of Kathiawar including Junagadh, Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Amreli districts of Gujarat. The breeding tract lies between 20°5’ and 22°6’ north latitude and 70° and 72° east longitude. The total cattle population of Saurashtra region i.e., breeding tract of Gir cattle is 2.5 million and Gir breed accounts for 37 percent of total cattle population in the region. The body of Gir animals is well proportioned. Udder in cows is well developed and round. The body weight at one year of age was 138 kg in males and 136 kg in females. Adult body weight, height at withers, body length and heart girth in cows averaged 313 kg, 120 cm, 125 cm and 160 cm, respectively.Age at first heat and calving averaged 1 149 and 1 534 day, respectively. Average dry period and inter-calving period were 123 and 423 days, respectively. Heifers received an average 1.07 inseminations for successful conception whereas cows received 1.64 inseminations per conception. Total lactation milk yield averaged 2 063 litres in an average lactation period of 326 days. Average milk yield in 300 days was 1 930 litres. Milk yield per day of calving interval was 4.98 litres. Average fat percentage in the milk ranged between 4.69±0.04 and 4.97±0.02. Gir animals are considered as hardy with low overall mortality (3.63 percent).

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