Influence of Age Breed and Sex on Incidence of Renal Disorders in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahmad ◽  
D. Swarup ◽  
S. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Renal Disorder ◽  
Renal Disorders ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Background: Kidneys play an essential role in health, disease, and growth. Renal disorders are among the most common ailments of dogs and contribute substantially to canine mortality, particularly in older dogs. Fewer published reports are documenting the prevalence of renal diseases in dogs in India. The current study was undertaken to find out the incidence of renal disorder in dogs based on their age and breed and sex. Methods: The assessment of the incidence of renal disorders in dogs was done in the clinical cases reported at Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI during the period i.e. February 2010 to January 2011. The total numbers of 880 cases of dogs suffering from different ailments were reported during this period, out of which 63 dogs were suspected and screened for renal disorders based on clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, serum and urinary biochemical alterations and urine analysis.Result: The overall incidence of renal disorders was 7.15% recorded according to the age of dogs. No renal disorders were detected in the dogs less than 6 years of age. 3.26% dogs of 6-8 year age group were confirmed for kidney diseases. Whereas 9.30% and 13.94% dogs in the age groups of 8 -10 year and ≥ 10 years, respectively had renal disorders. The breed wise renal disorders in dogs showed the highest incidence in Labrador dogs followed by Bulldogs, Dalmatian, Great Dane and Rottweiler, Doberman, German Shepherd and Pomeranian. Interestingly lowest incidence was recorded in the mixed or non-descript breed. Out of 63 dogs, 36 male (57%) and 27 female (43%) dogs were confirmed for renal disorders indicating a higher prevalence of renal diseases in males than females.

scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis for the Determination of Renal and Pancreatic Disorders in Dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Mukti N Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Renal Disorders ◽  
Pancreatic Disorders

A study was conducted to evaluate the renal and pancreatic disorders in the dogs from September to December 2010. One hundred serum samples were collected from one hundred dogs showing the common signs and symptoms of renal and pancreatic disorders. All the serum samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of the Vet Clinic, Krishnagalli, Lalitpur. The biochemical analysis for kidney function tests was Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine whereas for pancreatic disorders was alpha amylase test. The result showed the higher prevalence of both renal and pancreatic disorders together (25%) followed by pancreatic disorder which (24%) and renal disorders was (14%). Among breeds, pure breeds were found to have higher prevalence for both renal and pancreatic disorders (25.6%). Mongrels were found to have higher prevalence of pancreatic disorders (50%), and cross breeds had higher prevalence for renal disorders (38 %.) Among the pure breeds, German Shepherd had the higher prevalence. In sexwise distribution, males were more vulnerable than females. In the agewise prevalence, age groups of 5-10 were found to be more vulnerable for renal disorders followed by 10-15 and 0-5 years age group. Similarly, age groups of 10-15 were found to be highly vulnerable for pancreatic disorders followed by 5-10 and 0-5 years age group. This study, showed range value of BUN, Creatinine, and Alpha amylase were found to be 7-227 mg/dl, 0.6-41mg/dl and 112-2686 IU/L respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6481 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 61-68 

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hasoksuz ◽  
A. Kayar ◽  
T. Dodurka ◽  
A. Ilgaz
Keyword(s):  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Northwestern Turkey ◽  
Significant Difference

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important cause of diarrhoea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle. Serum, faecal and nasal swab samples were collected from a total of 96 cattle with clinical signs in 29 barns of 23 villages in Northwestern Turkey. The cattle were subdivided into 3 distinct age groups (0-30 days old, 4-12 months old and 2-7 years old). An indirect antigen-capture ELISA and an antibody-detection ELISA as well as geometric mean BCoV antibody titres were used to detect BoCV shed in the faeces and in the nasal secretions, respectively. Relationships between BCoV shedding and age group, seroconversion and clinical signs in cattle were also analysed. The rate of faecal shedding of BoCV was 37.1% (13/35) in 0-30 days old calves, 25.6% (10/39) in 4-12 months old feedlot cattle and 18.2% (4/22) in 2-7 years old cows. The overall rate of BCoV faecal shedding was 28.1% (27/96) in the cattle examined. Only one animal in the 4-12 months old age group was found to shed BoCV nasally. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) with respect to faecal shedding between the clinical signs and the age groups. BCoV antibody titre in 50% of all cattle was ≤ 100 as detected by ELISA while 27.1% of the cattle had high titres ranging between 1,600 and 25,600. The seroconversion rate was 7.3% (7/96) in animals shedding BoCV in the faeces and 42.7% (41/96) in cattle negative for faecal shedding as detected by ELISA, and 20.8% of cattle with no seroconversion shed BCoV in the faeces. There was no statistically significant association between seroconversion and nasal or faecal BCoV shedding. These findings confirm the presence of BCoV infections in Turkey. Further studies are needed to isolate BCoV strains in Turkey and to investigate their antigenic and genetic properties.

Evaluation of renal biopsies in various kidney diseases with reference to staining

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Kaushlendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Wilma Delphine Silvia CR ◽  
Aparna Pandey ◽  
Asha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Staining Techniques

Renal diseases of different origin and nature may produce essentially similar disturbances of renal functions and may have clinical similarities and hence there was a need to classify renal diseases more scientifically. The basic approach was to correlate clinical signs and symptoms with histological changes in the tissue, using both simple and special staining techniques so as to reach to a definitive diagnosis.The present study was conducted on renal biopsy referred to pathology department. Criteria for successful biopsy were as follows-Adequate biopsy sample size, correct processing of specimen, informed interpretation and issue of an accurate report. A total of 29 renal biopsies were examined. In minimal change disease, only in 4 patients the glomerulus was sclerosed. Membranous glomerulonephritis comprised of the maximum number of cases (9/30). Total of 3 cases of renal biopsies revealed amyloidosis. Focal amyloid deposits with deposits either near the hilum or perivascular areas were found in 33.3% of cases, while extensive amyloid deposits were found in 33.3% of the cases.It is necessary to determine both the type of renal disease and the cause of the primary disorder in order to make the diagnosis and various staining techniques play a very helpful role. The likelihood that the biopsy specimen accurately reflects the type and severity of the underlying disease is directly related to both the diffuseness of the disease process and the amount of tissue examined.

scholarly journals Mini-review: emerging roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of renal diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (2) ◽  
pp. F109-F118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Bhatt ◽  
Mitsuo Kato ◽  
Rama Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Renal Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Regulatory Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced short noncoding regulatory RNAs that can repress gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. They can therefore influence both normal and pathological conditions in diverse biological systems. Several miRNAs have been detected in kidneys, where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of renal disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and others, due to their effects on key genes involved in these disease processes. miRNAs have also emerged as novel biomarkers in these renal disorders. Due to increasing evidence of their actions in various kidney segments, in this mini-review we discuss the functional significance of altered miRNA expression during the development of renal pathologies and highlight emerging miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for early detection and treatment of kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Condition of Periodontal Tissues in Pregnant Women of Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
M. A. Pasichnyk ◽  
◽  
A. I. Furdychko ◽  
I. I. Gorban ◽  
I. R. Fedun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Group I

There are numerous domestic and foreign studies of periodontal disease in pregnant women, but there are still a number of unresolved issues. The data about the development of periodontal tissue diseases in pregnant women in terms of age is not enough. The purpose of this work was to study the development of periodontal disease in pregnant women in different age groups. Material and methods. A survey of 83 women in the ІІ and ІІІ trimesters of pregnancy, aged 19-45 years, was divided into three groups according to age. Group I (34 people) included pregnant women aged 19-25 years, group II (29 people) had pregnant women aged 26-35 years, group III (20 people) comprised pregnant women aged 36-45 years. Periodontal and hygienic indices were determined to assess the clinical signs of periodontal disease (to assess the clinical signs of periodontal disease, periodontal and hygienic indices were determined (papillary-marginal-alveolar index, degree of bleeding gums, Schiller-Pisarev test, numerical value of Schiller-Pisarev test – Svrakov's number and simplified index of cavity hygiene). Results and discussion. The obtained results indicated a high level of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Periodontal disease was found in 74.7% of subjects. The study found a significant progression of periodontal tissue pathology in pregnant women over 26 years of age, indicating that women in this age group were at significant risk of periodontal disease. The obtained data indicated that the value of the bleeding index was the lowest in pregnant women with periodontal disease of group I, and the highest in women of group III. The value of the PMA index differed 1.3 times (p˂0.05) in pregnant women of groups I and II, 1.2 times (p˂0.05) in women of groups II and III, and 1.5 times (p˂0.05) in pregnant women of groups I and III. In addition, the likelihood of developing periodontal disease increased with age of women. Conclusion. The values of the Svrakov's number had a similar tendency to increase in age groups, as well as the results of the previously described indices. Hygiene in pregnant women of all ages who had periodontal disease was not very good. Thus, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of periodontal disease in pregnant women, taking into account their age

scholarly journals Approach to the Diagnostics of Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs in Conditions of Clinical Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Počta ◽  
M. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
French Bulldog

The aim of this work was to elucidate the incidence of atopic dermatitis in dogs regarding their age, sex and individual breeds, verify the diagnostic criteria of the disease by Willemse and Prélaund and evaluate their sensitivity in the conditions of this country. In the group of 94 dogs, atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in the period from 1994 to 2005. The highest frequency among breeds was documented in Boxer (100%) and French Bulldog (84.6%), being significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in Shar-pei (41.7%) and Dalmatian (41.7%). The difference was even highly significant (p < 0.01) compared to Dachshund (2.7%), German Shepherd (6%), Cocker Spaniel (11.1%), and Poodle (3.3%). On the other hand, no significant differences were found between sexes. The commonly affected age group was 67 patients (71.2% cases) at the age between three and six years. The diagnosis was made using the clinical criteria by Willemse and Prélaund to verify the sensitivity of these criteria. It was found to be 72% by Willemse, 68% by Prélaund, and the difference was not statistically significant. In all 94 patients various stages of pruritus were detected. The most frequent clinical signs were facial or digital affecting 94.7% patients (89/91) and secondary pyoderma was found in 72.3% patients (68/94). Skin allergy test for specification of the diagnosis was performed in 73.4% cases (69/94).

scholarly journals Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Attia Afzal ◽  
Nazeer Hussain Khan ◽  
Saadullah Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Renal Disorders

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in H2S level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with H2S donors could restore H2S levels and improve renal functions. H2S donors suppress renal dysfunction by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, such as TRL4/NLRP3, AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the effects of H2S donors on the treatment of common renal diseases, including acute/chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and urolithiasis. Novel H2S donors can be designed and applied in the treatment of common renal diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical signs predictive of severe illness in young Pakistani infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira Shahid ◽  
Shiyam Sunder Tikmani ◽  
Kanwal Nayani ◽  
Ayesha Munir ◽  
Nick Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sign Algorithm

Abstract Objective Early detection of specific signs and symptoms to predict severe illness is essential to prevent infant mortality. As a continuation of the results from the multicenter Young Infants Clinical Signs and Symptoms (YICSS) study, we present here the performance of the seven-sign algorithm in 3 age categories (0–6 days, 7–27 days and 28–59 days) in Pakistani infants aged 0–59 days. Results From September 2003 to November 2004, 2950 infants were enrolled (age group 0–6 days = 1633, 7–27 days = 817, 28–59 days = 500). The common reason for seeking care was umbilical redness or discharge (29.2%) in the 0–6 days group. Older age groups presented with cough (16.9%) in the 7–27 age group and (26.9%) infants in the 28–59 days group. Severe infection/sepsis was the most common primary diagnoses in infants requiring hospitalization across all age groups. The algorithm performed well in every age group, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 71.6% in the 0–6 days age group and a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 80.2% in the 28–59 days group; the sensitivity was slightly lower in the 7–27 age group (72.4%) but the specificity remained high (83.1%).

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of rotaviruses disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šukrija Zvizdić ◽  
Sađida Telalbašić ◽  
Edina Bešlagić ◽  
Semra Čavaljuga ◽  
Jasminka Maglajlić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotaviruses are the major causes of viral gastroenteritis in infant and the young children. There are a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of rotavirosis. Rotavirus infection is fecal-oral infection. Rotaviruses prove with Latex agglutination test and electron microscopy. In a four year period 943 stool samples out of 527 hospitalized patients had been analyzed. A presence of rotavirus is proved with a LA and EM tests at 170 (32,2%) patients age 0-7 years, in their stool samples. Analyzing age groups of these patients, it was found that the rotavirusesinfection the most frequently occurred at age group from 7-24 months. From 170 positive patients, 122 or 71,8% were in this age group. At all patients was found diarrhea, vomiting in a 90,5% cases. Mild fever had 65,5% patients, signs of a respiratory infection appeared at 60,7% patients, abdominal pain at 13,3% patients. Severe dehydration had 49,9% patients and metabolic acidosis had 79,2% cases. Macroscopically blood in stool had 6,4% patients, slime in a stool 46,0% patients was found, and aholic stool had 8,4% patients. In all hospitalized patients disease lasted in average 12,6 days, and the hospitalization in average 10,2 days. None of the patient had any kind of complication, all of them very successfully cured. These results confirm that rotaviruses are important health problem among infant and the young children in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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