Effects of cassava pulp mixed with monosodium glutamate by-product (CPMSG) as a protein source in goat concentrate diet

Twelve male Crossbred goats were assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, treatments were comprised of replacement of soybean meal with CPMSG at 0 (control), 10 and 15% in concentrate. Animals were receiving concentrate at 2.0 % of BW while pangola hay was offered ad libitum basis. BW gain, ADG and CP digestibility were significantly higher (P less than 0.05), in 15% CPMSG diet. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was the highest (P less than 0.05) in CPMSG 15% treatment, total VFA concentrations were higher in CPMSG treatments (10 and 15%) than control treatment, whereas ruminal microorganism populations were similar among treatments. It could be concluded that using CPMSG can replace 15% protein source in goat concentrate diets with increased feed intake, CP digestibility, total VFA concentrations and growth performance.

Carcass and organ characteristics of finishing broilers fed diets containing probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Agro-Science ◽

10.4314/as.v20i1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

J.I. Ugwuoke ◽

O.R. Okwesili ◽

C.E. Dim ◽

M.N. Okonkwo ◽

H.M. Ndofor-Foleng

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Performance Indices ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Effect Of Feeding

A five-week study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of S. cerevisiae on carcass and organ characteristics of finishing broilers. One hundred and twenty 4-weeks old broilers of cobb strain were randomly assigned to four treatments (T1 = 0.6 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) kg–1 diet; T2 = 0.8 g SC kg–1 diet; T3 = 1.0 g SC kg–1 diet and T4 = 0.0 g SC kg–1 diet) with 30 birds per treatment and replicated twice with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum to the birds in a deep litter system. In the end, data on growth, carcass and organ indices generated from the study were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the treatments in the birds’ growth performance indices. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the birds’ values for liver weight, heart weight, shank length and thigh length with birds in T3 recording highest values of 61.30 g, 16.93 g and 12.00 cm for liver weight, heart weight and thigh length, respectively. It was thus concluded that finishing broilers fed 1.0 g of S. cerevisiae had superior carcass and organ characteristics than birds on the control and lower levels of inclusion.

PSV-1 Effects of the protein level on growth performance and carcass grading in fattening pig fed ad libitum

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 223-224

Author(s):

Arnaud Samson ◽

Claire Launay ◽

Francesc Payola ◽

Eric Schetelat ◽

Hervé Fortune

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Net Energy ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Synthetic Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Abstract Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with synthetic amino acids (AA) supplementation is beneficial for sustainable swine industry. However some discrepancies regarding the consequences on growth performance are observed. Therefore, this trial aimed to assess the effect of dietary CP level on growth performance of pigs from 35 to 113 kg BW. Growth performance of 63 pigs fed ad libitum and allocated to three groups (HH, MM and LL) was compared. Each group received one level of CP (‘H’ for High, ‘M’ for Medium and ‘L’ for Low) during growing (d0–d35) and finishing (d35–slaugther day) periods: 15.1%, 16.2%, 17.2% and 13.0%, 14.0%, 15.1% respectively. Diets were mostly based on wheat, corn and soybean meal. Within each feeding phase, diets were formulated to be similar in apparent total tract digestible phosphorus, net energy and standardized ileal digestible (SID) essential AA, the SID Lys levels being 0.95% and 0.78% during the growing and finishing period respectively. Data were analyzed using a linear model (R, 3.1.2) with individual as the experimental unit as feed intake, body weight and carcass grading were individually recorded. From d0 to d14 and from d35 to d63, average daily gain (ADG) and Growth:Feed ratio (G:F) were significantly reduced as the CP level decreased (P < 0.05) while average daily feed intake (ADFI) remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. From d14 to d35 and in late finishing period (d63-slaugther day), growth performance was not significantly affected by the dietary CP level. Over the 82-d of the experiment, G:F was significantly higher for ‘HH’ pigs (P < 0.01). Overall, ADG tended to be reduced as CP levels decreased (P = 0.10). There was no difference among treatments for parameters concerning carcass grading (lean meat percentage and meat yield). In conclusion, reducing CP levels while maintaining essential AA levels impaired growth performances of pigs.

Assessment of the nutritive value of fermented cassava root leaf meal as a reflect on blood profile of ducks

10.51791/njap.v47i3.155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 194-201

Author(s):

W. A. Olayemi ◽

I. A. Rabiu ◽

A. O. Oso ◽

O. A. Akapo ◽

A. M. Bamgbose

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Due to scarcity and high cost of conventional feedstuffs, there is a renewed interest in the use of non-conventional cheap and easily available feedstuffs on ducks feeding. This study was conducted to evaluate health status of ducks fed fermented cassava root-leaf meal blend as a replacement for maize. One hundred and fifty, one day- old unsexed Mallard ducklings were used for the experiment. Ducklings were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 30 ducklings per treatment. Each treatment was further subdivided into 3 replicates with 10 ducklings per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study is made up of 5 dietary treatments consisting of the control (Treatment 1), fermented cassava root-leaf blend used to replace maize at 25% (Treatment 2), 50% (Treatment 3), 75% (Treatment 4) and 100% (Treatment 5) levels respectively. The packed cell volume (26.50-38.33%) and haemoglobin (9.35-14.07g/dl) levels increased as Fermented cassava root-leaf meal (FCRLM) inclusion increased in the diet (0-75%). Uric acid values decreased (5.30-4,27mg/dl) as well as cholesterol values (91.70-56.70mg/dl) as level of (FCRLM) increased in diet. The results obtained showed that FCRLM at (300:1000 ratio) of leaf to root could replace maize at 50% inclusion level without any detrimental effects on health status of ducks.

Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Fresh Water Snail (Pila ampullacea) Shell Ash on the Performance of Weaned Rabbits

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1130456 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

F. B. P. Abang ◽

S. S. Emmanuel ◽

S. Attah

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Security Measures ◽

Snail Shell ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Bone Ash ◽

Fresh Water Snail ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Twenty five weaned male rabbits of mixed breeds were used to investigate the effect of replacing bone ash with fresh water snail shell ash on the performance of weaned rabbits. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria for a period of 12 weeks. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments and replicated five times giving a total of one rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Rabbits were raised intensively in hutches of about 4ft × 4ft. Five experimental diets tagged T1 to T5 were formulated such that fresh water snail shell ash replaced bone ash at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Feed and water were served ad libitum. Bio sanitary and bio security measures were strictly adhered. The study showed that the growth parameters were not affected (P=.05) by the dietary treatments. This study had shown that fresh water snail shell ash can serve as a substitute for bone ash in weaned rabbits diet up to 100% without compromising their performances.

Growth performance and feeding cost of weaned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed graded levels of oven dried poultry droppings based diet

10.51791/njap.v44i5.1409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

H. Ibrahim ◽

O. O. Egbewande ◽

A. B. Musa ◽

G. I. Lapai ◽

I. B. Jatau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Poultry Droppings ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Cost

Thirty six weaned mixed breed rabbits aged between 5 -6 weeks were used to investigate the growth performance and feeding cost of rabbits fed graded levels of oven dried poultry droppings. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with three replicates and three rabbits per replicate in the ratio of 2:1 (2 females and I male) in a completely randomized design. poultry droppings were oven dried at 100 c, 80 c, 60 c, 40 c and incorporated at 0, 20, 40 and 60% levels of inclusion to replace ground nut in the compounded feed or experimental diets and designated as T1,T2 ,T3 and T4 respectively excluding treatment one (T1) . Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA. Growth performance performance of rabbits showed no significant (P>0.05) differences across the treatment groups. However highest average feed intake was recorded in T3 (40 %) inclusion level 473.60 g and the lowest in T3 (40 %) of 458.80 g. The result of cost of feeding revealed that as the inclusion level of oven dried poultry increased the cost of feeding rabbits reduces The trial revealed that oven dried poultry dropping can be used at 40 %level of inclusion in the rabbit dietwithout posing any threat to the animal.

Performance, Carcass and Relative Organ Weights of Young Boars Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Raw Icacinia manni (Earth Ball)

Journal of Agricultural Research and Development ◽

10.4314/jard.v19i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J.S Ekpo ◽

I.M Sam ◽

U.M Okon

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Large White ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Young Boars ◽

A study conducted for a period of fifty (50) days to determine the growth performance, carcass and organ weight of growing boars fed graded dietary levels of raw Icacinia manni tuber meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with Icacinia manni (Earth ball) replacing maize at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels designated as T1(control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Forty-eight (48) young boars (Landrace x Large white) each weighed 7.72+ 0.35kg were assigned to the four dietary treatments and replicated three times of four boars each in a completely randomized design. Carcass traits and relative organs weights were evaluated. These traits were; dressed weight, dressing percentage, head, shank, trotter, belly, thick rib chop, rib chop, loin, chump chop, leg fillet end, Leg shank end, liver, lungs, kidney spleen and heart. The results indicated that apart from T4, diets T1, T2 and T3 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This implies that Icacinia manni did not affect growth performance except at 15% level of inclusion Similarly, Pigs fed diets T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage as well as certain primal cuts such as breast, rib chop, loin and chump chop. However, relative organs weight did not differ (P>0.05) across dietary treatments except the lungs in T4 (15%) signifying the non-deleterious effect of raw icacinia manni, at 10%. To attain optimum performance and carcass characteristics in young boars therefore, inclusion of raw Icacinia manni in young boars’ diet at 10 percent is recommended.

PSIV-4 The Impacts of Feeding Corn Co-products and Ionophores to Growing Boer Goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 215-216

Author(s):

Payton L Dahmer ◽

Tamra Kott ◽

Alison Crane ◽

James Lattimer ◽

Cassandra K Jones

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Protein Source ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) as replacements for soybean meal (SBM) and determine the impact of an ionophore on Boer goat growth performance and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 75 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 26.9 ± kg) were allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments: 1) Negative control (100% SBM, 0% DDGS and 0% CGF; 100SBM); 2) Positive control (100% DDGS, 0% CGF and 0% SBM; 100DDGS); 3) 66% DDGS, 33% CGF and 0% SBM (66DDGS/33CGF); 4) 66% CGF, 33% DDGS and 0% SBM (33DDGS/66 CGF); and 5) 100% CGF, 0% DDGS and 0% SBM (0DDGS/100CGF). Dietary treatment did not impact (P ≤ 0.21) growth. In Exp. 2, 72 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 21.7 ± kg) were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial with 2 protein sources and 2 ionophore inclusions: 1) SBM/no ionophore (SBM-NI); Diet 2) SBM with ionophore (SBM-I); Diet 3) DDGS/no ionophore (DDGS-NI); and Diet 4) DDGS with ionophore (DDGS-I). On d 21, goats were split into 2 groups according to their protein source and fed an additional d 10 (Group 1: DDGS-I; Group 2: SBM-I). The 15 heaviest goats from each group were harvested and carcass data collected. The protein source X ionophore interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.15) for any measured response criteria. Goats fed a diet with SBM had significantly increased (P = 0.04) ADG compared to goats fed DDGS. No evidence of difference was observed (P ³ 0.10) for ADFI or G:F. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics. In summary, these data suggest that corn co-products can be economically included in Boer-goat diets, however their impact on growth performance is variable compared to that of soybean meal.

Performance of weaner rabbits fed forage supplemented with local spices

10.51791/njap.v47i2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 76-81

Author(s):

D. N Onunkwo ◽

O. A. Ekine

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Formulated Diet ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Forage Utilization

Chemical composition of spices revealed that they have the potential to enhance forage utilization by rabbits. A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of weaner rabbits fed forages supplemented with spices (curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf). This study lasted fo 56 days. Five treatment diets were formulated: diet 1 (control without spice), diet 2 (curry), diet 3, (utazi), diet 4 (uziza) and diet 5 (scent leaf) with the same percentage inclusionrespectively. Thirty weaner rabbits were randomly allocated to the treatment diets with six rabbits per treatment and two per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Feed an water were provided to the weaner rabbits ad libitum. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the growth parameters except in the feed intake while the organ proportion and carcass cut part of rabbits fed the treatment diets showed significant differences (P<0.05) inall the cut parts measured. However, rabbits fed forage supplemented with curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments in all the organ proportions measured. The spleen of weaner rabbits fed forage supplemented with curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf were significantly (p<0.5) than that of diet 1 (control) which indicates higher antibody production in the body of rabbits fed diets containing spices to fightagainst any toxin associated with spices since spleen is the major source of lymphocytes responsible for defense. From the findings in this study, it could be concluded that rabbits fed local spices especially curry and utazi did better and therefore are recommended in weaner rabbits diets for better performance.

Effect of Varying Levels of Chromium Propionate on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9110935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 935 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arif ◽

Hussain ◽

Mahmood ◽

Abd El-Hack ◽

Swelum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Blood Biochemistry ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chromium Propionate ◽

Skin Removal

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of varying levels of chromium propionate on blood biochemistry and growth performance of broilers (1–35 days). Five diets were formulated by using chromium propionate with inclusion levels of 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppb. A total of 300 broilers were divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds in each under completely randomized design. The starter feed intake remained unaffected (p > 0.05) whereas finisher and overall feed intake was different (p < 0.05) among different experimental groups. Feed conversion ratio and weight gain in starter, finisher and overall improved significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of chromium propionate. Blood glucose was decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary chromium level. Chromium supplementation did not affect antibodies titers against NDV and AIV-H9. Neither live, hilal, after skin removal, eviscerated, chest weight and legs with shanks weight nor liver and heart weights were affected (p > 0.05) while gizzard weight reduced significantly (p < 0.05) due to supplementation of chromium. On the basis of results, it may be concluded that chromium propionate supplementation improved weight gain and FCR and reduced blood glucose. However, better performance and weight gain may be achieved if chromium propionate is added at the rate of 400 ppb in broiler diets.

Growth performance and digestibility of nutrients by weaner rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed diets containing varying levels of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) milling waste

10.51791/njap.v47i3.149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

A. A. Malik ◽

Y. S. Kudu ◽

M. Abdullahi ◽

M. J. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Conventional feed resources for livestock are increasingly becoming more expensive, due to competition with man; hence nutritionists are searching for cheaper, locally-available alternatives. A total of forty-five (45) mixed sex weaner rabbits, aged 5 – 6 weeks, with average initial weights of between 694.42 and 761.10 g were used to investigate the effect of varying levels of cowpea milling waste (CMW) diets on their growth performance and nutrient digestibility. They were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with nine rabbits per treatment. The control treatment (T1) contained 0 % CMW while treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had 10, 20, 30 and 40 % CMW dietary inclusion levels, respectively. Clean water and feed were offered ad libitum daily to the rabbits, and record of their feed intake and growth performance were taken for 12 weeks. At the end of the 11th week, a nutrient digestibility trial was carried out. Results show that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in final body weight, body weight gain, total feed intake and mortality among the dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) for diets T4 (6.65) and T5 (6.66) containing 30 and 40 % CMW respectively, were as good as that of the control diet (6.11). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility showed no significant (P>0.05) difference across the treatments. Digestibility of crude fibre (72.64, 80.16, 84.04 and 80.90 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), ether extract (95.98, 94.90, 96.04 and 94.38 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), nitrogen free extract (94.30, 95.18, 93.58 and 94.90 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), as well as total digestible nutrient (83.69, 76.11, 81.67 and 80.02 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively) of the test diets compared favourably with that of the control diet (72.94, 95.23, 96.04 and 80.47 % for CF, EE, NFE and TDN respectively). Hence, it can be concluded that CMW can be used safely as a protein source and included up to 40 % in weaner rabbit diets with no detrimental effect on their growth performance and nutrient digestibility.