Evaluation of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] accessions using agro-morphological characters

The study was conducted at village level in-situ center, Jawhar block of Palghar district of Maharashtra during the year 2017 and 2018 to characterize 20 accessions of finger millet. Data was collected on morphology, plant growth and yield contributing characters. Traits like erect growth habit (80 percent); semi-compact ear (60 percent); partially enclosed seeds by glumes (60 percent) and light brown colour of seed (75 percent) was found dominant among studied accessions. The results indicated that studied landraces exhibited variability in finger number (6 to 14), finger length (7 to 16 cm) and maturity days (85 to 117). The results of study also showed that productive tiller number was most varied trait (29.37 percent), followed by ear head length (21.98 percent) and finger number (19.42 percent). Among the studied traits, finger width showed the lowest variation (7.65 percent). Analysis of variance showed that all the characters were highly significant among the accessions. This potential gene pool needs to be conserved and may be explored for crop improvement in future.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic Diversity of Nepalese Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Accessions at IAAS, Rampur, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Biswash Raj Bastola ◽

M.P. Pandey ◽

B.R. Ojha ◽

S.K. Ghimire ◽

K. Baral

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Thousand Kernel Weight ◽

Finger Length ◽

Grain Color ◽

Finger Width

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Nepal during July 2011 to September 2011 with an objectine to determine phenotypic variability of Nepalese finger millet landraces using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. F- Value of REML procedure of mixed model analysis revealed that highly significant variation was observed in all studied 17 traits. Grain yield per plant was positive and highly significant correlated with grain yield per ear (0.769**) followed by plant height (0.529**), productive tillers number (0.473**), days to maturity (0.471**), days to heading (0.460**), days to flowering (0.457**), straw yield per plant (0.348**), finger number per ear (0.320**), thousand kernel weight (0.281**), flag leaf sheath width (0.230**) and finger length (0.211**). The ear shape (H’= 3.42) followed by grain color (H’= 3.35) showed high genetic diversity after estimated by using Shannon- Weaver index. 46% open type ear shape, 40% light brown grain color, 66% non-pigmentation, 70% absence of inflorescence branch and 54% absence of finger branch were found dominant to other on studied accessions. The distribution pattern was observed by using Ward’s minimumvariance method into five clusters. The number of accessions in a cluster was ranged from 18 in cluster IV to 1 in cluster V. The cluster V (accession no. 10996) and III (accessions no. 431 and 11024) showed early phenological traits, lowest in finger length, finger width, finger number per ear, thousand kernel weight, grain yield per ear and grain yield per plant. The cluster II and IV showed late maturity type, long finger length and width, high in finger number per ear, grain yield per ear, grain yield per plant and plant height. The first five principal components accounted for 74.9% of total variance among 50 accessions. Most of variation was contributed from phenological characters, plant height, grain yield per ear, finger length, finger width, finger number per ear and productive tillers number. These traits were positively correlated with grain yield and can be used in selection for breeding programs.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 285-290 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12413

Download Full-text

Morphological and molecular characterization of underutilized medicinal wild ginger (Zingiber barbatum Wall.) from Myanmar

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262111000840 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 531-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Noladhi Wicaksana ◽

Syed Abdullah Gilani ◽

Dawood Ahmad ◽

Akira Kikuchi ◽

Kazuo N. Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Medicinal Species ◽

Primer Sets ◽

High Degree ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Zingiber barbatum Wall. (family Zingiberaceae), is an underutilized medicinal plant and commonly known as ‘Meik tha-lin’ in Myanmar where it is used in the indigenous system of medicine. In the present study, 19 accessions of Z. barbatum from five provinces in Myanmar have been utilized to characterize and assess genetic diversity. Twenty-nine morphological characters were noted, including growth habit, leaf, pseudo-stem and rhizome characters. Fifteen primer sets of P450-based analogue (PBA) markers were used to reveal molecular characteristics. Of the 29 morphological characters, 22 showed a high degree of variation within wild ginger accessions, whereas 20 of these characters contributed significantly to morphological variation. Eleven amplified primer sets gave a total of 175 bands and exhibited 92.15% polymorphism across Z. barbatum accessions. Based on morphological characters and PBA markers, 19 accessions can be divided into two morphotype groups with comparatively higher genetic diversity. This information can be applied in future crop improvement, proper conservation and better use of this underutilized medicinal species.

Download Full-text

Characterization of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm for morphological parameters under field conditions

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v7i2.692 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 836-838

Author(s):

A. P. Goswami ◽

B. Prasad ◽

V. C. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Flag Leaf Length

The trial was conducted at the research block of Crop Improvement, GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri using randomized block design (RBD) to characterize finger millet germplasm for morphological characters viz., plant height, flag leaf length, number of tiller plant-1, number of finger ear-1, ear length, no. of grain finger-1, no. of grain ear-1 and grain yield plant-1. Among all germplasms, number of finger ear-1, number of grain finger-1 and grain yield plant-1(g) had recorded highest in VL 149 which were 9.96, 150.66, 2.63 g respectively. The germplasm GEC 1406 attained lowest plant height (75.89 cm), GEC 961 had recorded higher flag leaf length (40.96 cm), GEC 268 had recorded maximum number of tiller plant-1 (3.30), GEC 199 had recorded higher ear length (9.20 cm), GEC 1044 had recorded maximum number of grain ear-1 (663) among all germplasm of finger millet. This study is helpful to identify superior germplasm so they can be used for further finger millet crop improvement programs.

Download Full-text

Microsatellite Marker: Importance and Implications of Cross-genome Analysis for Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550109999200908090745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 160-170

Author(s):

Thumadath P.A. Krishna ◽

Maharajan Theivanayagam ◽

Gurusunathan V. Roch ◽

Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan ◽

Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Marker ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Related Species ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Human Beings ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Genome Amplification

Finger millet is a superior staple food for human beings. Microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker is a powerful tool for genetic mapping, diversity analysis and plant breeding. In finger millet, microsatellites show a higher level of polymorphism than other molecular marker systems. The identification and development of microsatellite markers are extremely expensive and time-consuming. Only less than 50% of SSR markers have been developed from microsatellite sequences for finger millet. Therefore, it is important to transfer SSR markers developed for related species/genus to finger millet. Cross-genome transferability is the easiest and cheapest method to develop SSR markers. Many comparative mapping studies using microsatellite markers clearly revealed the presence of synteny within the genomes of closely related species/ genus. Sufficient homology exists among several crop plant genomes in the sequences flanking the SSR loci. Thus, the SSR markers are beneficial to amplify the target regions in the finger millet genome. Many SSR markers were used for the analysis of cross-genome amplification in various plants such as Setaria italica, Pennisetum glaucum, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare. However, there is very little information available about cross-genome amplification of these markers in finger millet. The only limited report is available for the utilization of cross-genome amplified microsatellite markers in genetic analysis, gene mapping and other applications in finger millet. This review highlights the importance and implication of microsatellite markers such as genomic SSR (gSSR) and Expressed Sequence Tag (EST)-SSR in cross-genome analysis in finger millet. Nowadays, crop improvement has been one of the major priority areas of research in agriculture. The genome assisted breeding and genetic engineering plays a very crucial role in enhancing crop productivity. The rapid advance in molecular marker technology is helpful for crop improvement. Therefore, this review will be very helpful to the researchers for understanding the importance and implication of SSR markers in closely related species.

Download Full-text

Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽

José F. M. Valls ◽

Aluana G. Abreu ◽

Gustavo Heiden ◽

Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finger Millet ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Download Full-text

Rice NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 4 is a master regulator of nitrogen use efficiency

10.1101/2020.01.16.908558 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Wu ◽

Zi-Sheng Zhang ◽

Jing-Qiu Xia ◽

Alamin Alfatih ◽

Ying Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wild Type ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Master Regulator ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

AbstractNitrogen (N) is one of the key essential macronutrients that affects rice growth and yield. Inorganic N fertilizers are excessively used to boost yield and generate serious collateral environmental pollution. Therefore, improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is highly desirable and has been a major endeavor in crop improvement. However, only a few regulators have been identified that can be used to improve NUE in rice to date. Here we show that the NIN-like protein OsNLP4 significantly improves the rice NUE and yield. Field trials consistently showed that loss-of-OsNLP4 dramatically reduced yield and NUE compared with wild type under different N regimes. In contrast, the OsNLP4 overexpression lines remarkably increased yield by 30% and NUE by 47% under moderate N level compared with wild type. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that OsNLP4 orchestrates the expression of a majority of known N uptake, assimilation and signaling genes by directly binding to the nitrate-responsive cis-element in their promoters to regulate their expression. Moreover, overexpression of OsNLP4 can recover the phenotype of Arabidopsis nlp7 mutant and enhance its biomass. Our results demonstrate that OsNLP4 is a master regulator of NUE in rice and sheds light on crop NUE improvement.

Download Full-text

Seed Bio Priming for Enhancing Growth and Yield Attributes in Finger Millet Varieties (Eleusine coracana L. Garten.)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 1788-1795

Author(s):

Sou mya ◽

S.M. Prashant ◽

Sangeeta I. Macha ◽

Vijay Kumar Kurnalliker ◽

L.N. Yogeesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finger Millet ◽

Eleusine Coracana ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes

Download Full-text

Morphological and cultural characterization of Phyllosticta zingiberi (Ramkr.) causing leaf spot disease of ginger

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i3.1418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1662-1665

Author(s):

Barun Rai ◽

Sekhar Bandyopadhyay ◽

Avisak Thapa ◽

Adeetya Rai ◽

Deewakar Baral

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Microscopic Observation ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Brown Colour

Isolation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaf spot pathogen form the UBKV farm field was done in the laboratory. The isolated pathogen was identified as Phyllosticta zingiberi on the basis of morphological characters as documented in taxonomic keys. The microscopic observation revealed that the pycnidia were globose to subglobose with dark brown colour measuring 124.16 μm × 2.35 μm in average. The pycnidio spores were hyaline, oval to bullet shaped, monoguttulate measuring 4.02 μm × 2.35 μm in average. Among the different media tested for growth highest growth was recorded in Oat meal agar (26.44 cm2) followed by malt extract agar (24.04 cm2) which was statistically at par. The temperature of 25˚C favoured maximum growth (24.20 cm2). However, higher sporulation was observed in 30˚C. Among the different carbon source tested, mannitol supported the highest growth of the pathogen (27.67 cm2).

Download Full-text

Cytological identification of some trisomics of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g95-167 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1271-1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jun-Zhi Wei ◽

W. F. Campbell ◽

G. J. Scoles ◽

A. E. Slinkard ◽

R. Ruey-Chyi Wang

Keyword(s):

Crop Improvement ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

C Banding ◽

Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽

Double Deletion ◽

Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), is an important forage grass and a potential source of germplasm for cereal crop improvement. Because of genetic heterogeneity as a result of its self-incompatibility, it is difficult to identify trisomics of this diploid species based on morphological characters alone. Putative trisomies (2n = 2x + 1 = 15), derived from open pollination of a triploid plant by pollen grains of diploid plants, were characterized by Giemsa C-banding. Based on both karyotypic criteria and C-banding patterns, four of the seven possible primary trisomics, a double-deletion trisomic, and two tertiary trisomics were identified.Key words: Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea, trisomic, C-banding, karyotype.

Download Full-text

Spatial analyses of occurrence data of crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa as tools for selection of sites for conservation of priority CWR in Zambia

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262118000497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dickson Ng'uni ◽

Graybill Munkombwe ◽

Godfrey Mwila ◽

Hannes Gaisberger ◽

Joana Magos Brehm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Improvement ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Relative Distribution ◽

Spatial Analyses ◽

Threat Status ◽

Occurrence Data

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable gene pools for crop improvement and offer unique potential and opportunity for enhancing food security and adaptation to climate change. However, current actions towards conservation of plant genetic resources in Zambia do not adequately cover CWR occurring in the country. The article describes the process leading to the development of a national strategic action plan (NSAP) for the conservation and sustainable use of priority CWR in Zambia. Based on 59 prioritized crops, a partial checklist of 459 CWR taxa was generated from the national flora checklist of 6305 taxa. The generated CWR taxa were prioritized based on the socio-economic value of the related crop, their utilization potential in crop improvement, relative distribution and threat status to produce 30 prioritized CWR taxa. Occurrence data were compiled for all CWR inventory taxa and used in spatial analyses to establish species distribution, species richness, gaps in in situ conservation and genebank collections, and to identify priority sites for in situ conservation and ex situ collecting. Consistent with the national developmental agenda, along with the contribution of national stakeholders, spatial analyses of occurrence data of priority CWR taxa are valuable input for the development of the NSAP for the conservation and sustainable use of the priority CWR.

Download Full-text