scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes under Salinity Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Singh ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Anita Rani Santal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Carotenoid Degradation

Physiological and biochemical parameters of plants among five wheat genotypes: KH-65, KRL-210, KRL-99, PBW-343 and PBW-373 were studied. Wheat plantlets, at three-leaf stage, were supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM of NaCl for 48 hours. Principal component analysis revealed chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation as best salinity indicator for studied wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance levels of studied wheat genotypes were in the order: KH-65 greater than KRL-210 greater than KRL-99 greater than PBW-343 greater than PBW-373. The study has revealed that observed physiological and biochemical data may provide an insight into the existence of internal mechanism in salt tolerant genotypes to cope up with salinity stress.

scholarly journals Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to NaCl-induced salt stress in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10936
Author(s):  
Ganesh D. MANKAR ◽  
Uttam R. WAYASE ◽  
Deepak B. SHELKE ◽  
Tukaram D. NIKAM ◽  
Rajkumar B. BARMUKH
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Seventeen mungbean varieties [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] were subjected to 100-400 mM salinity stress at the germination stage, and the indices of seed germination and early seedling growth were analysed. With the increasing salinity, seed germination and seedling growth attributes were affected in all varieties. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of varietal responses on the germination and seeding growth attributes at 400 mM NaCl separated seventeen varieties into four distinct clusters. Principal component analysis at lower salt stress levels indicated that the attributes of germination and early seedling growth are reliable to identify salt-tolerant mungbean varieties. In contrast, only germination attributes are reliable at higher salinity levels. Two salt-susceptible and salt-tolerant varieties were further assessed for NaCl-induced physiological and biochemical changes. Levels of proteins, secondary metabolites, osmolyte, and antioxidants were increased at lower salt concentrations but reduced at higher salt concentrations. Photosynthetic pigments decreased and membrane damage increased under salinity. Varieties that showed tolerance to salt stress can be used in salinity-affected agriculture fields after validating their salt tolerance in field experiments.

Isolation of Bacillus spp. with high fibrinolytic activity and performance evaluation in fermented douchi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Long ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Zexin Gao ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Xueyi Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Fibrinolytic enzymes are effective and highly safe in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, screening fibrinolytic enzyme-producing microbial strains with excellent fermentation performance is of great value to industrial applications. The fibrin plate method was used in screening strains with high yields of fibrinolytic enzymes from different fermented food products, and the screened strains were preliminarily identified using molecular biology. Then, the strains were used for the solid-state fermentation of soybeans. Moreover, the fermentation product douchi was subjected to fibrinolytic activity measurement, sensory evaluation, and biogenic amine content determination. The fermentation performance of each strain was comprehensively evaluated through principal component analysis. Finally, the target strain was identified based on strain morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence, and phylogenetic analysis results. A total of 15 Bacillus species with high fibrinolysin activities were selected. Their fibrinolytic enzyme-producing activities were higher than 5,500 IU/g. Through molecular biology analysis, we found four strains of Bacillus subtilis, 10 strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and one strain of Bacillus velezensis. The principal component analysis results showed that SN-14 had the best fermentation performance and reduced the accumulation of histamine and total amine, the fibrinolytic activity of fermented douchi reached 5,920.5 ± 107.7 IU/g, and the sensory score was 4.6 ± 0.3 (out of 5 points). Finally, the combined results of physiological and biochemical analyses showed SN-14 was Bacillus velezensis. The high-yield fibrinolytic and excellent fermentation performance strain Bacillus velezensis SN-14 has potential industrial application value.

scholarly journals The use of principal component analysis for the construction of the Water Poverty Index

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larynne Dantas de Senna ◽  
Adelena Gonçalves Maia ◽  
Joana Darc Freire de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Natural Characteristics ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of basins. In this regard, the Water Poverty Index is globally used, but one of its criticisms includes the subjectivity associated with how the sub-indexes are weighted. Therefore, in this study, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the sub-indexes’ weight: resource, access, capacity, use, and environment of the Seridó river basin. This new index with PCA presents an average range with broader values compared to methodologies without, allowing clear identification of the disparities among the cities and the possibility to better prioritize investments concerning water poverty reduction. Our results show that this approach makes it possible to qualitatively identify geographical locations that have greater water poverty compared to others. Additionally, with this approach, it can be determined whether water poverty is caused due to natural characteristics or deficits in water infrastructure investment, providing insight into social fragilities as well. Overall, the presented hierarchical tool in this study has a high value to improve the planning of water resource uses.

Land Use - Terrain Correlations in the Piedmont Tract of Eastern India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1026-1064
Author(s):  
Ashis Sarkar ◽  
Priyank Pravin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Insight Into

The Dulung River flows across West Bengal and Jharkhand in India. The geographical variables present within the basin area are categorised into groups like Physiographic, Morphometric and Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) attributes. These facets are mapped and overlain in a GIS environment and correlations drawn between them. Factor Scores obtained through Principal Component Analysis are further compared and correlated. The different variables are fused to obtain a comprehensive grouping of the above three facets that is reflective of the overall terrain attributes and its overlying LULC classes. Through this, within the Dulung River Basin, three broad Physiographic-Soil-Land Use Units (PSLUs) are identified, which comprise of the structural ridges and residual hills, piedmont plains and floodplains. For further insight into existing LULC-landform relations, select villages across the basin landscape are examined in detail. The relations derived help in suggesting possible land management practices in this region.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Evaluation for Detecting Salt Tolerance of Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Actual Saline Field Growing Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Ehab S. A. Moustafa ◽  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Multidimensional Evaluation

Field-based trials and genotype evaluation until yielding stage are two important steps in improving the salt tolerance of crop genotypes and identifying what parameters can be strong candidates for the better understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms in different genotypes. In this study, the salt tolerance of 18 bread wheat genotypes was evaluated under natural saline field conditions and at three saline irrigation levels (5.25, 8.35, and 11.12 dS m−1) extracted from wells. Multidimensional evaluation for salt tolerance of these genotypes was done using a set of agronomic and physio-biochemical attributes. Based on yield index under three salinity levels, the genotypes were classified into four groups ranging from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes exhibited values of total chlorophyll, gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), water relation (relative water content and membrane stability index), nonenzymatic osmolytes (soluble sugar, free proline, and ascorbic acid), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), K+ content, and K+/Na+ ratio that were greater than those of salt-sensitive genotypes. Additionally, the salt-tolerant genotypes consistently exhibited good control of Na+ and Cl− levels and maintained lower contents of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage under high salinity level, compared with the salt-sensitive genotypes. Several physio-biochemical parameters showed highly positive associations with grain yield and its components, whereas negative association was observed in other parameters. Accordingly, these physio-biochemical parameters can be used as individual or complementary screening criteria for evaluating salt tolerance and improvement of bread wheat genotypes under natural saline field conditions.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis based on data characteristics for dimensionality reduction of ECG recordings in arrhythmia classification

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wosiak
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Feature Reduction ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Due to the growing problem of heart diseases, the computer improvement of their diagnostics becomes of great importance. One of the most common heart diseases is cardiac arrhythmia. It is usually diagnosed by measuring the heart activity using electrocardiograph (ECG) and collecting the data as multidimensional medical datasets. However, their storage, analysis and knowledge extraction become highly complex issues. Feature reduction not only enables saving storage and computing resources, but it primarily makes the process of data interpretation more comprehensive. In the paper the new igPCA (in-group Principal Component Analysis) method for feature reduction is proposed. We assume that the set of attributes can be split into subgroups of similar characteristic and then subjected to principal component analysis. The presented method transforms the feature space into a lower dimension and gives the insight into intrinsic structure of data. The method has been verified by experiments done on a dataset of ECG recordings. The obtained effects have been evaluated regarding the number of kept features and classification accuracy of arrhythmia types. Experiment results showed the advantage of the presented method compared to base PCA approach.

scholarly journals COMPONENTS OF RIVER SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH COMMUNITY’S EXPERIENCES IN RIVERSIDE NEIGHBOURHOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohana Mohd Firdaus ◽  
Mohd Hisyam Rasidi ◽  
Ismail Said
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
River Management ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Insight Into

Communities of a riverside neighbourhood are essential in developing rivers into a sustainable environmental feature. However, their lack of awareness towards flooding and river pollution interferes with the river’s sustainability. The disconnection with nature impairs sustainability; consequently, the river’s value degrades. The awareness can be improved upon by focusing on riverside neighbourhoods. The residents would have some level of awareness due to living sustainably with the river environment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the living experiences of a riverside neighbourhood’s residents from a social perspective. Data were obtained through semi-structured questionnaires given to 121 residents, a focus group discussion and personal interviews. The questionnaires’ responses were exported and analysed using Principal Component Analysis in SPSS to identify significant components that were pertinent to the aim. Six components were found and were clarified into three themes: ‘river issues’, ‘river management’ and ‘river neighbourhood as a shared environment’. It has been found that exposure to river issues resulted in the residents exercising their resources to overcome those issues, and the cooperation between the residents and the stakeholder was essential in maintaining and achieving a sustainable river environment. The residents’ connection with their neighbourhood was exemplified through their familiarity and neighbourliness. In conclusion, insight into the residents’ experiences would provide a better understanding of river neighbourhoods, which stakeholders could consider in decision-making and planning to ensure the connection with nature is sustained.

scholarly journals Symbolic covariance matrix for interval-valued variables and its application to principal component analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Košmelj ◽  
Jennifer Le-Rademacher ◽  
Lynne Billard
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Interval Valued ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Variance Explained

In the last two decades, principal component analysis (PCA) was extended to interval-valued data; several adaptations of the classical approach are known from the literature. Our approach is based on the symbolic covariance matrix Cov for the interval-valued variables proposed by Billard (2008). Its crucial advantage, when compared to other approaches, is that it fully utilizes all the information in the data. The symbolic covariance matrix can be decomposed into a within part CovW and a between part CovB. We propose a further insight into the PCA results: the proportion of variance explained due to the within information and the proportion of variance explained due to the between information can be calculated. Additionally, we suggest PCA on CovB and CovW to be done to obtain deeper insights into the data under study. In the case study presented, the information gain when performing PCA on the intervals instead of the interval midpoints (conditionally the means) is about 45%. It turns out that, for these data, the uniformity assumption over intervals does not hold and so analysis of the data represented by histogram-valued variables is suggested.

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