scholarly journals ↵​Impact of A Selected Mycorrhizal Complex and A Rhizobacterial Species on Tomato Plants’ Growth under Water Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slimani Afafe ◽  
Harkousse Oumaima ◽  
Mazri Mouaad Amine ◽  
Zouahri Abdelmajid ◽  
Ouahmane Lahcen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Impact

Background: Plant strategies for adapting to drought could be improved by associations between plant roots and soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, the impact of a selected AMF complex and a selected PGPR species on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) under induced water stress was evaluated. Methods: Three different inoculation treatments were applied to tomato seedlings (a complex of AMF composed mainly of Glomus genus a Bacillus sp. PGPR treatment and a combination of both) and three different water levels (75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity). Result: A significant damaging impact of drought on tomato growth parameters and root mycorrhizal colonization, although the presence of microbes stimulated tomato plants growth and decreased the impact ofdrought stress. Indeed inoculated plants presented greater heights, fresh and dry weights, leaves number and area; greater water status; and greater proteins, sugars and chlorophylls contents either with the AMF complex or the Bacillus sp. in normal and drought stress conditions compared to the non-inoculated plants. However dual inoculation recorded the highest values under all water levels treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Temperature and Water Stress on Plant Growth and Accumulation of Antioxidant Compounds in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leafy Vegetable

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Al-Huqail ◽  
Rehab M. El-Dakak ◽  
Marwa Nme Sanad ◽  
Reem H. Badr ◽  
Mohamed M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Response To Water

The effects of climate temperature and water stress on growth and several stress markers were investigated in sweet basil plants. Some growth parameters (shoot length and number of leaves) and photosynthetic chlorophyll contents were determined every two days during plant growth, and foliage leaf material was collected after 15 and 21 days of treatment. Both climate temperature and water stress inhibited sweet basil plant growth; especially, total chlorophyll levels were decreased significantly in response to high-temperature treatments. Under strong stresses, basil plants induced the synthesis and accumulation of glycine betaine (GB) as a secondary osmolyte, although at less content when compared with the proline content under the same stress conditions. Proline concentrations particularly increased in leaves of both basil stressed plants, accomplishing levels high enough to play a crucial role in cellular osmoregulation adjustment. Stress-induced accumulation of these antioxidant compounds was detected in sweet basil. Therefore, it appears that sweet basil-treated plants are able to synthesize antioxidant compounds under strong stress conditions. On the other hand, total sugar concentrations decreased in stress-treated basil plants. Both temperature and water stress treatments caused oxidative stress in the treated plants, as indicated by a significant increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. An increase in total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in response to water stress and a highly significant decrease in carotenoid concentrations in basil leaves were observed; flavonoids also increased under high climate temperature conditions.

Picloram Uptake, Translocation, and Efficacy in Relation to Water Status of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Morrison ◽  
Norman K. Lownds ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Acroptilon Repens

Picloram uptake, translocation, and efficacy were studied using greenhouse-grown Russian knapweed plants. Uptake of14C-picloram, applied as discrete droplets to adaxial leaf surfaces of well-watered plants, averaged less than 10% of that applied. Most uptake occurred within 30 min of application. Uptake increased linearly with external picloram concentrations from 6.2 to 74.5 mM and was proportional to picloram concentration. Only about 10% of absorbed picloram was translocated out of the treated leaf of well-watered plants within 96 h, with approximately equal acropetal and basipetal translocation. Water stress before, at the time of, and after picloram application did not affect picloram uptake, but reduced total translocation and increased the relative amount translocated basipetally. Water stress also reduced picloram efficacy. Although Silwett L-77 increased picloram uptake into Russian knapweed leaves, it did not increase efficacy under water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological parameters to select upland rice genotypes for tolerance to water deficit

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Morais Guimarães ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Adriano Pereira de Castro ◽  
Odilon Peixoto de Morais Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using physiological parameters for water deficit tolerance, as an auxiliary method for selection of upland rice genotypes. Two experiments - with or without water deficit - were carried out in Porangatu, in the state of Goiás, Brazil; the water deficit experiment received about half of irrigation that was applied to the well-watered experiment. Four genotypes with different tolerance levels to water stress were evaluated. The UPLRI 7, B6144F-MR-6-0-0, and IR80312-6-B-3-2-B genotypes, under water stress conditions, during the day, showed lower stomatal diffusive resistance, higher leaf water potential, and lower leaf temperature than the control. These genotypes showed the highest grain yields under water stress conditions, which were 534, 601, and 636 kg ha-1, respectively, and did not differ significantly among them. They also showed lower drought susceptibility index than the other genotypes. 'BRS Soberana' (susceptible control) was totally unproductive under drought conditions. Leaf temperature is a easy-read parameter correlated to plant-water status, viable for selecting rice genotypes for water deficit tolerance.

scholarly journals Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Muhammad Yahya ◽  
Alam Sher ◽  
Chuanxi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today’s world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops and has been considered a severe constraint for global agricultural productivity; its intensity and severity are predicted to increase in the near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity to DS, especially at vegetative and reproductive stages. They are mostly grown in the dry areas and are moderately drought tolerant, but severe DS leads to remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects of DS are reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, decrease in net photosynthesis, and a reduction in nutrient uptake. To curb the catastrophic effect of DS in legumes, it is imperative to understand its effects, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of drought for sustainable management. This review highlights the impact of DS on legumes, mechanisms, and proposes appropriate management approaches to alleviate the severity of water stress. In our discussion, we outline the influence of water stress on physiological aspects (such as germination, photosynthesis, water and nutrient uptake), growth parameters and yield. Additionally, mechanisms, various management strategies, for instance, agronomic practices (planting time and geometry, nutrient management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics and advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) are also critically discussed. We propose that the integration of several approaches such as agronomic and biotechnological strategies as well as advanced genome editing tools is needed to develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Growth and Environmental Parameters on Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Seasonal and Diurnal Scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Wenhui Zhao ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Yanguo Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is considered to be a potential indicator of photosynthesis. However, the impact of growth and environmental parameters on SIF at different time-scales remains unclear, which has greatly restricted the application of SIF in detecting photosynthesis variations. Thus, in this study, the impact of growth and environmental parameters on SIF was thoroughly clarified. Here, continuous time series of canopy SIF (760 nm, F760) over wheat and maize was measured based on an automated spectroscopy system. Meanwhile, field measurements of growth and environmental parameters were also collected using commercial-grade devices. Relationships of these parameters with F760, apparent SIF (F760/solar radiance, AF760), and SIF yield (F760/canopy radiance of 685 nm, Fy760) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation to reveal their impacts on SIF. Results showed that F760 at seasonal and diurnal scales were mainly driven by solar radiation (SWR), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (Chl), mean leaf inclination angle (MTA), and relative water content (RWC). Other environmental parameters, including air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (Rh), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture (SM), contribute less to the variation of seasonal or diurnal F760. AF760 and Fy760 are likely to be less dependent on Ta, Rh, and VPD due to the removal of the impact from SWR, but an enhanced relationship of AF760 (and Fy760) with SM was observed, particularly under water stress. Compared with F760, wheat AF760 was better correlated to LAI and RWC as expected, while maize AF760 did not show an enhanced relationship with all growth parameters, probably due to its complicated canopy structure. The relationship of wheat Fy760 with canopy structure parameters was further reduced, except for maize measurements. Furthermore, SM-induced water stress and phenological stages should be taken into consideration when we interpret the seasonal and diurnal patterns of SIF since they were closely related to photosynthesis and plant growth (e.g., LAI in our study). To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of the impacts of growth and environmental parameters on SIF based on continuous ground measurements, not only at a seasonal scale but also at a diurnal scale. Our results could provide deep insight into the variation of SIF signals and also promote the further application of SIF in the health assessments of terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Water Stress in Dwarfing Cherry Rootstocks: Increased Carbon Partitioning to Roots Facilitates Improved Tolerance of Drought

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Will Wheeler ◽  
Brent Black ◽  
Bruce Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Cherry orchards are transitioning to high-density plantings and dwarfing rootstocks to maximize production, but the response of these rootstocks to drought stress is poorly characterized. We used a 16-container, automated lysimeter system to apply repeated water stress to ungrafted Krymsk® 5 and 6 rootstocks during two growing cycles. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until the daily transpiration rate of each tree was 25% and 30% of the unstressed rate during the first trial and second trial, respectively. After this point was reached, the root-zone water status was restored to field capacity. Whole-tree transpiration measurements were supplemented with leaf-level gas-exchange measurements. Krymsk® 6 had a higher rate of photosynthesis, more vigorous vegetative growth and less conservative stomatal regulation during incipient drought than Krymsk® 5. At harvest, carbon partitioning to roots was greater in Krymsk® 6 than Krymsk® 5. The conservative rate of water use in Krymsk® 5 could be a function of greater stomatal control or reduced carbon partitioning to roots, which thereby limited transpiration rates. Further studies are needed to confirm that these results are applicable to trees grown using a common grafted scion under field conditions.

scholarly journals Categorization of the water status of rice inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae and with water deficit

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
Michel Ruiz Sánchez ◽  
Juan Adriano Cabrera Rodríguez ◽  
José M. Del'Anico Rodríguez ◽  
Yaumara Muñoz Hernández ◽  
Ricardo Aroca Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Rice Plants

Introduction. The water deficit negatively affects rice plants and limits their productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has been shown to improve rice productivity in drought conditions. Objective. To propose a new categorization for the state of water stress of rice plants inoculated (AM) or not with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (nonAM) and exposed to water deficit (D) during the vegetative phase. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out under controlled greenhouse conditions during the years 2009 and 2010 at the Zaidín Experimental Station, Granada, Spain. The rice transplantation was carried out fourteen days after germination to pots with a 5 cm water sheet and at 30, 40, or 50 days after transplantation (DAT) they were subjected to water deficit during a period of 15 days, at which time the water sheet was restored. The control treatment was maintained throughout the cycle under flood conditions (ww). Evaluations were performed at 45, 55, 65 DAT and after recovery at 122 DAT. The harvest was carried out at 147 DAT. Results. The reduction in water supply demonstrated water stress in the plants, manifested by the decrease in the water potential of the leaves. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis always favored the water status of the plant. Four categories of water status of plants were proposed taking into account water potentials and agricultural yield: no stress (≥-0.67 MPa); light stress (<-0.67 to -1.20 MPa); moderate stress (<-1.20 to -1.60 MPa), and severe stress (<-1.60 MPa). Conclusion. The categorization of stress due to the water deficit is a tool of high scientific value for the specific case of rice, since this plant has the capacity to adapt to tolerate the presence of a sheet of water throughout its biological cycle and is highly susceptible to water deficit.

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