Pollination Biology of Lespedeza davurica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Tong ◽  
Y. Song ◽  
P. Wang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
S.G. Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lespedeza Davurica

Background: In order to reveal the pollination biological characteristics of Lespedeza davurica, wild L.davurica from eight regions of Shanxi Province was used as test materials to study their floral dynamic, pollen storage and other aspects.Methods: During 2019, the flowering dynamics of wild L. davurica collected from eight regions of Shanxi Province were observed by selecting the better-grown L.davurica. Freshly bloomed flowers were picked, and their pollen was set up for two treatments, dry and undried, for pollen storage experiments. Pollen viability was determined by the TTC (expand for first instance) and MTT (expand for first instance) methods and stigma receptivity was determined by the hydrogen peroxide-benzidine method.Result: The results showed us the following points: the flowers of L. davurica were pale yellow, large and fragrant; it usually opens from the base to the top with distinctly asymmetrical petals; it opens during the day and closes at night; the number of flowers reached its peak between 12:00 and 14:00. After measuring the pollen viability of L. davurica, we found that dry storage at -20°C was the most effective treatment. And with the increase of temperature and decrease of humidity, the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of L. davurica increased continuously and the highest viability value occurs between 12:00 and14:00.

scholarly journals Hybridization of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) in Morelos, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Canul Ku ◽  
Edwin J. Barrios-Gómez ◽  
Eleodoro Hernández-Meneses ◽  
Sandra E. Rangel-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Objective: To determine the stigma receptivity and the pollen viability in order to make manual crosses and obtain viable progeny in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).Design/Methodology/Approach: Pollen viability tests were made on breeding materials by staining with acetocarmine solution. In elite materials, the receptivity of the stigma was evaluated with hydrogen peroxide. From the inflorescences, the male ones were removed and the female ones were preserved, which were covered with a glassine bag. After six days, they were checked and when they were considered receptive, manual pollinations were carried out between viable pollen materials and receptive stigma. The pollen of the male parent was impregnated in the stigmas and the inflorescence was covered again.Results: The breeding materials exhibited viable pollen since they were stained red. Whereas, the application of hydrogen peroxide to the stigmas of the elite materials showed bubbling, indicative that they were receptive. In 2014, 400 inflorescences were pollinated with 8 flowers on average and a fruit pollinated percentage of 61.21. In 2015, 245 inflorescences with 12 flowers on average and 61.24% of fruit were pollinated.Study Limitations/Implications: Temperature and relative humidity were fundamental factors for the success of castor bean fertilization.Findings/Conclusions: The elite castor bean materials presented receptive stigmas and the improved viable pollen materials. Manual crosses produced fruits and seeds. The fruits pollinated were 61%.

Pollen Storage and Breeding System in Relation to Controlled Pollination of Four Species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedgley ◽  
J Harbard
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
One Year

Pollen of A. auriculiformis, A. iteaphylla, A. karroo and A. mangium was stored at 25, 5, -18 or -196°C for up to 3 years, and its viability tested by pollen staining, in vivo pollen tube growth or pod set 1 month after hand pollination. The effectiveness of staining methods using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole- β -galactoside (X-Gal) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to predict pollen viability was investigated. All of the staining methods gave variable results, but the TTC and X-Gal tests were particularly unreliable. FDA staining of pollen gave the best indication of its ability to germinate on the stigma and penetrate ovules. Pollen stored for up to three days at 25°C retained the ability to penetrate ovules following hand pollination, and of that stored for three years at 5°C, 19% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -18°C for 1 year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, and of that stored for 3 years, 23% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -196°C for one year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, but thawing and refreezing of the pollen reduced viability to zero. It was concluded that the most successful and convenient method of pollen storage was vaccuum drying followed by storage at -18°C. The Australian species of Acacia investigated (A. iteaphylla, A. auriculiformis and A. mangium) had protogynous flowers, with stigma receptivity preceding anther dehiscence, such that flowers could be reliably hand pollinated. The African species A. karroo had protandrous flowers, with stigmas unreceptive at anthesis, but receptive at 5 days after anther dehiscence. Deposition of self pollen on the stigma prior to attainment of receptivity rendered hand pollination of this species unreliable.

AN EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF CONTROLLED CROSSES OF WILD RICE (Zizania palustris L.) IN THE GREENHOUSE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. PAGE ◽  
R. E. STUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Zizania Palustris ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Controlled Crosses

The effects of pollen age, stigma age, and time of pollination were evaluated in wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) to develop a pollination procedure that would result in increased seed set in the greenhouse. Pollen age groups, ten stigma ages, and ten pollination times were investigated independently. Pollinations were done in the greenhouse during the months of November through April in 1986–1987 and 1987–1988. Percent seed set was used to assess the treatments. Pollen remained viable for only a short period of time. Maximum percent seed set was attained when pollen from anthers that had been extruded for less than 2 h was used in pollinations. Stigma receptivity remained consistent for 5 d then decreased rapidly. Time of pollination did not have an effect on percent seed set.Key words: Wild rice, pollination biology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, seed set

scholarly journals Nocturnal and diurnal pollination in Copaifera coriacea, a dominant species in sand dunes of the Middle São Francisco River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Isys Mascarenhas Souza ◽  
Frederic Mendes Hughes ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Floral Visitors

Background and aims – Copaifera coriacea, a species in the resin-producing clade Detarioideae (Leguminosae), is an endemic and abundant species found in sand dunes in Brazilian Caatinga domain vegetation – a Quaternary paleodesert. We investigated floral traits and aspects of pollination biology, focusing on the pollination system of C. coriacea. Material and methods – Anthesis duration, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, nectar concentration, and the presence of osmophores and pigments reflecting UV light were assessed. Floral visitors were classified as potential pollinators, occasional pollinators or thieves, based on the time and foraging behaviour and resource collected. Pollination effectiveness were assessed for potential pollinators by the detection of pollen tubes on the stigma or stylar canal by epifluorescence microscopy.Key results – The species has white and small flowers, with anthesis beginning in the dark (ca 00:30) and the flowers are completely opened approximately 3 h later, when a sweet odour is perceptible. The onset of stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability occurs only after the completion of flower opening, and a concentrated nectar is available during the day. The presence of pollen tubes confirmed the efficiency of the main insects in the transfer of pollen. Conclusion – Our result demonstrates that C. coriacea has a generalist pollination system mediated mainly by two distinct guilds of insect pollinators: moths (nocturnal, searching for nectar) and bees (diurnal, pollen collectors). This finding can provide more information about diversification in the genus Copaifera.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Industrial Innovation Ecosystem of Resource-Based Cities (RBCs): A Case Study of Shanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11350
Author(s):  
Jun Yao ◽  
Huajing Li ◽  
Di Shang ◽  
Luyang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Industrial Innovation ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Technology Level

Constructing and exploring the evolution mechanism of an industrial innovation ecosystem in resource-based cities (RBCs) is the most effective way to solve the contradiction between economic development, energy shortage, and environmental degradation. Taking 10 typical RBCs in Shanxi Province as examples, this paper used the method of system dynamics (SD) to build a model of the industrial innovation ecosystem of RBCs and set up scenarios to simulate and predict the evolution of the industrial innovation ecosystem of RBCs. The results showed that the industrial innovation ecosystem of RBCs is a complex system composed of four subsystems: innovation players, innovation content, innovation resources, and innovation environment. In innovation players, the increase in the amount of talent has a more obvious effect on technology level and GDP than R&D funding. In innovation content, the improvement of management level has a slow and continuous positive impact on GDP. Technology achievements, once implemented, will improve GDP more than management progress does. In innovation resources, human capital has greater potential for an increase in GDP and per capita consumption expenditure. In innovation resources, technology level plays an important role in slowing down the deterioration of the ecological environment. This study enriched the theoretical paradigm of the research on the industrial innovation ecosystem, and provided effective strategies to solve the development problems of RBCs.

Mega-Doses of Behaviour Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Agoraphobics*

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton S. Rapp ◽  
Martyn R. Thomas ◽  
Eleanor C. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Intensive Program ◽  
Set Up

This was a pilot project set up to test the feasibility of effectively and inexpensively treating agoraphobic patients who had not responded to adequate trials of behaviour therapy (and other therapy) in the past. We employed a quantitatively intensive program of exposure therapy, calisthenics and muscular relaxation, and have explained the rationales for the choice of each treatment. The results were gratifying in four of the five patients, with follow-up to three years. This pilot project enabled us to set up a cost-effective treatment for all forms of agoraphobia which is as efficient as other programs described. It has also highlighted the fact that some patients exist who may do poorly on schedules of behaviour therapy which are adequate for some patients, and yet may do well if the amount of treatment is drastically increased.

scholarly journals Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of disinfectant and/or sterilizing agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Gava Mazzola ◽  
Angela Faustino Jozala ◽  
Letícia Célia de Lencastre Novaes ◽  
Patricia Moriel ◽  
Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital and nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way. Validating the effectiveness of decontamination and disinfection is an important and often challenging task. In order to study and compare the behavior of selected microorganisms, they were submitted to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC intervals, which reduced bacteria populations over 6 log10, were: 59 to 156 mg/L of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs); 63 to 10000 mg/L of chlorhexidine; 1375 to 3250 mg/L of glutaraldehyde; 39 to 246 mg/L of formaldehyde; 43750 to 87500 mg/L of ethanol; 1250 to 6250 mg/L of iodine in polyvinyl-pyrolidone complexes, 150 to 4491 mg/L of chlorine-releasing-agents (CRAs) and 469 to 2500 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide. Chlorhexidine showed non inhibitory activity over germinating spores. A. calcoaceticus showed resistance to the majority of the agents tested, followed by E. cloacae and S. marcescens.

Wheat pollen viability and feasability of pollen storage

Cryobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Daniela Impe ◽  
Manuela Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Storage
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