Seed quality as influenced by seed invigouration treatments in pigeonpea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
R. C. Puniya ◽  
Axay Bhuker ◽  
Rupesh Sharma ◽  
Renu Devi
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

Pre- sowing treatments viz, 50ppm GA3, 2% CaCl2, 0.5% KNO3, Hydration (2h) and drying at room temperature >25 0C and surface drying, and hydration- dehydration (2h) + Thiram dressing @ 0.25% were applied to two seed lots (marginal and good) of two cultivars of pigeonpea i.e. Paras and Manak and untreated seed lot was taken as control. The results revealed that various pre sowing invigouration treatments enhanced the standard germination of both the seed lots. However, the improvement in marginal seed lot (L2) was more than good seed lot (L1). Among the treatments, hydration and dehydration + thiram @ 0.25 percent were found most effective (6.0%) for enhancing in germination. Similarly, irrespective of the priming treatments among the cultivars Paras performed better under field conditions than Manak. irrespective of the cultivars, and seed lots pre-sowing seed treatments namely GA3 (50ppm), cold hydration and cold hydration + 0.25% thiram showed improvement in germination and seed quality attributes, whereas remaining treatments showed negative effect. It was revealed also that variety Manak showed good enzyme activity (DHA, catalase, peroxide and superoxide dismutase) than the Paras. And among seed lots (Table 4) lot L1 showed good enzyme activities than lot L21

PEPPER SEED TREATMENT FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. J. BOUW
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Temperature Time

Low-temperature germination and emergence of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) seed was accelerated by imbibition in salt (KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O) and PEG solutions at 20 °C. Salt-treated seed had a faster rate of germination and emergence than PEG-treated seed. The stimulating effect of salt solutions on germination was most marked at 12.5 °C. At this temperature, time to 50% germination was up to 14 days less for treated seed than for untreated seed. Similar effects were noted on emergence at 17.5/7.5 °C and 20/10 °C, day/night temperatures. Imbibed seed emerged up to 6 days earlier than untreated seed. The concentration of the salt solution determined the duration of the treatment period. Surface drying the seed at room temperature for 1 day prior to sowing resulted in only a slight reduction on advancement of rate of germination and emergence. Drying followed by storage for up to 21 days did not markedly reduce the beneficial effect on germination and emergence of seeds imbibed in a 1.5% solution, but, for seeds imbibed in water or dilute salt solutions, most of the effect on stimulating germination and emergence was lost by drying for 7 days.Key words: Capsicum annum, osmoconditioning, KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O, polyethylene glycol, germination, emergence

On the Chemistry of Tetrabenzyl Thiuram Disulfide and Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulfide with Bis (Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide in Silica Compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Datta ◽  
A. G. Talma ◽  
S. Datta ◽  
P. G. J. Nieuwenhuis ◽  
W. J. Nijenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The use of thiurams such as Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) or Tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD) has been explored to achieve higher cure efficiency. The studies suggest that a clear difference exists between the effect of TMTD versus TBzTD. TMTD reacts with Bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) and this reaction can take place even at room temperature. On the other hand, the reaction of TBzTD with TESPT is slow and takes place only at higher temperature. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with mass (MS) detection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and other analytical tools have been used to understand the differences between the reaction of TMTD and TESPT versus TBzTD and TESPT. The reaction products originating from these reactions are also identified. These studies indicate that unlike TMTD, TBzTD improves the cure efficiency allowing faster cure without significant effect on processing characteristics as well as dynamic properties. The loading of TESPT is reduced in a typical Green tire compound and the negative effect on viscosity is repaired by addition of anhydrides, such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.

Direct seeding of PinusSylvestris using microsite preparation and invigorated seed lots of different quality: 2-year results

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Winsa ◽  
Urban Bergsten
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Better Than

Direct seeding of Pinussylvestris L. is a regeneration method, with potential for development considering scarification, microsite preparation, seed invigoration, and seed quality. Three seed lots of different quality concerning seed weight, germination percent, and mean germination time were used on two sites in northern Sweden. Microsite preparation, 2 cm deep pyramidal indentations, of the mineral soil improved seedling emergence on the two sites by 48 and 62%, respectively, compared with seeding without preparation other than removal of the humus layer. Microsite preparation in combination with invigorated seed, i.e., seed incubated at 30% moisture content for 7 days at 15 °C, resulted in seedling emergence of about 85% for the highest and about 50% for the lowest seed quality at both sites. Noninvigorated seed, seeded without microsite preparation, reached about 55% for the highest and 22% at one and 43% at the other for the lowest seed quality. Without microsite preparation there was no, or a negative, effect of seed invigoration on seedling emergence. Seedling survival after the first winter improved significantly with better seed quality. Survival averaged 92 and 72% at the two sites, with frost heaving causing most mortality. Seedlings from invigorated and redried seed survived better than seedlings from untreated seed. Seedlings from the best seed quality had higher values in seedling height, about 35%, shoot length, about 60%, and needle length, about 30%, after two growing seasons than seedlings from lower seed qualities. Invigoration and microsite preparation had no effect on measured growth characteristics.

scholarly journals The effect of storage conditions on samples for the evaluation of copper status in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi)

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quan ◽  
M.S. Mulders ◽  
D.G.A. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Jersey Cows

Investigaltions to determine the effect of sample storage on the concentration of copper in liver tissue and on the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were undertaken in preparation for a study of blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) that were suspected to be suffering from copper deficiency. Two liver samples were collected from each of 20 culled blesbok in a manner that simulated the collection of biopsies from the live animal. These samples were stored either in 10 % formalin or frozen at -20 °C until analysed 4 1/2 months later. The effect of different methods of sample storage on superoxide dismutase activity was determined. Erythrocytes collected from 3 Jersey cows and 5 culled blesbok were washed and divided into 0.5m portions, stored at room temperature (~20 °C), in a refrigerator (4 °C), frozen at -20 °C in a freezer, and in liquid nitrogen (-200 °C). An analysis of superoxide dismutase activity was undertaken using a commercial assay kit at intervals of 2-4 days until the levels of activity had fallen significantly. The copper concentration in formalin-preserved liver samples was significantly lower than that measured in frozen liver tissue apparently as a result of leaching. The activity of superoxide dismutase in cattle blood was unchanged for 4 days at room temperature but fell appreciably after 2 days at 4 °C and -20 °C. Enzyme activity remained unchanged for 200 days in erythrocytes stored in liquid nitrogen. Superoxide dismutase activity levels in healthy blesbok were considerably lower than those measured in Jersey cows and remained unaffected for up to 6 days in samples stored at 4 °C and 20 °C. The level of activity fell significantly thereafter. Samples stored in liquid nitrogen were unchanged after 40 days.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Hardening Techniques on Vigor, Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drought Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Amir Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Exploring ways to improve stand establishment and crop productivity under abiotic stresses like drought is important. Two years experiments were conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan to examine the efficacy of six pre-sowing seed hardening agents. Seeds of wheat cultivar Uqab-2000 were hardened in six different chemicals of various concentration viz; PEG-8000 (10%), CaCl2 (4%), KNO3, (3%), Mannital (4%), NaCl (5%), Na2SO4 (2%) along with water soaking and dry seeds as control for 24 hours and drying back to original moisture content at room temperature. The soaking and drying of seeds was repeated twice for 12 hours. The results showed that pre-sowing hardening of seed with PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight in laboratory experiment as compared with other hardening and control treatment. Under field conditions, maximum plant height (93.53cm), spikelet’s spike-1 (17.16), grains spike-1 (50.82), 1000 grain weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3482 kg ha-1) and maximum harvest index (32.5%) were observed in PEG-8000 hardened seed than control treatment (2872 kg ha-1). Seed hardened in PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave 30% increase in grain yield as compared to Mannital, NaCl and Na2SO4 which gave 15% increase in grain yield over control treatment.

scholarly journals Intelligent Baby Box Based on IoT to Observe Room Temperature and Baby Crying

2018 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Dani Sasmoko ◽  
Dzyo Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) connects a global infrastructure in communities so they can take benefit of advanced services, by connecting objects (things) both physical and virtual with the Internet so that objects can communicate each other. The object of this study is a baby box to control the baby’s condition. When the baby cries too long it may cause Baby Distressed Tantrum which is the feeling of being depressed in the baby because they feel ignored. If this happens for a long time will endanger the baby's health as it is related to respiratory function and cardiac performance. The function of the baby box is to observe a baby when left without supervision. It will enable users to know if the baby is sleeping, awake or crying. Leaving a crying baby too long may have a negative effect. By applying the Internet of Things (IoT) in the design of an intelligent a baby box will help the parents and babysitter in controlling the baby if they have other activities to do. The baby box monitoring system has a dht11 temperature and humidity sensor, and a noise sensor to detect the baby crying. An esp8266 module on Wemos d1 will send data to an android smartphone and notify the user by sound or vibration.

Built-in-polarization field effect on intrinsic and extrinsic thermal conductivities of AlN/GaN/AlN quantum well

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 1550149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pansari ◽  
V. Gedam ◽  
B. K. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Polarization Field ◽  
Polarization Mechanism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phonon Velocity ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

In this paper, the effect of built-in-polarization field on lattice thermal conductivity of AlN/GaN/AlN quantum well (QW) has been theoretically investigated. The built-in-polarization field at the hetero-interface of GaN/AlN modifies elastic constant, phonon velocity and Debye temperature of GaN QW. The relaxation time of acoustic phonons (AP) in various scattering processes in GaN with and without built-in-polarization field has been computed at room temperature. The result shows that combined relaxation time of AP is enhanced by built-in-polarization field and implies a longer mean free path. The revised intrinsic and extrinsic thermal conductivities of GaN have been estimated. The theoretical analysis shows that up to a certain temperature the polarization field acts as negative effect and reduces the thermal conductivities. However, after this temperature both thermal conductivities are significantly contributed by polarization field. This gives the idea of temperature dependence of polarization effect which signifies the pyro-electric character of GaN. The intrinsic thermal conductivity at room temperature for with and without polarization mechanism is found to be 491 Wm -1 K -1 and 409 Wm -1 K -1, respectively i.e., 20% enhancement. However, the extrinsic thermal conductivity at room temperature for with and without polarization mechanism is found to be 280 Wm -1 K -1 and 245 Wm -1 K -1, respectively i.e., 13% enhancement. The method we have developed may be taken into account during the simulation of heat transport in optoelectronic nitride devices to minimize the self-heating processes and in polarization engineering strategies to optimize the thermoelectric performance of GaN alloys.

scholarly journals N,N’-bis(2-(benzylthio)ethyl)malonamides: Synthesis, Electronic and Steric effects in Silver(I) Extraction and Silver(I) Binding Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Aderibigbe ◽  
Andrew J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Tetrahedral Coordination ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Electronic And Steric Effects ◽  
Sulfur Donor

Unsubstituted and gem-diethyl substituted malonamide derivatives, bearing benzylthio arms were prepared in moderate to high yields at room temperature. It was observed that electronics effects at the 4-aryl position in the malonamide derivatives had a significant effect on the selectivity, but little effect on silver(I) extraction efficiency measured by liquid-liquid extraction experiments (with the 4-methoxy analogue proving the most selective). Increased steric hindrance near the sulfur donor had a small negative effect on silver(I) extraction efficiency, while hindrance at the methylene centre reduces selectivity. One of the malonamide derivatives prepared was found to bind to silver(I) in a 1:1 fashion suggesting a tetrahedral coordination type.

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