PSYCHO-HYGIENE AND PSYCHO-PROPHYLAXIS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF SPECIALISTS PARTICIPATING IN THE ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION ACCIDENTS

In the article there is considered the content of the terms of such branches of science as "psycho-hygiene" and "psycho-prophylaxis", the history of the incurrence, tasks, structure, interrelationship and significance in the activity of specialists taking part in the elimination of consequences of radiation accidents and incidents. Psycho-hygiene, presenting a part of general hygiene, is an interdisciplinary field of scientific knowledge referred to general and social hygiene, social and medical psychology, and psychiatry also. It deals with the influence of various environmental factors and labor activity on the mental health of a person, as well as the development and implementation of measures to preserve people's mental health at the public, group and individual levels. The main subject of psycho-hygiene is mentally healthy people, and the most important task is the creation and provision of conditions for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. In psycho-hygiene, like any other science, there are several areas of activity. These are: fundamental, applied and practical. In the form of the implementation of measures, it is divided into preventive, restorative and curative. Psycho-prophylaxis is a system of state, social, psychological, hygienic and medical measures aimed at ensuring a high level of mental health and preventing the occurrence of mental disorders. Psycho-prophylaxis has such main subject as subclinical, painful manifestations in the psyche of people, in the conditions of occurrence and impact of unfavorable and stressful factors on the person. It develops and implements measures to prevent the occurrence of mental illness, and also facilitates the rehabilitation of people with mental disorders. Considerable attention is paid to the role and importance of psycho-hygiene and psycho-prophylaxis in the activity of emergency rescue teams. In the course of the elimination of consequences of radiation accidents and incidents, in this category there is possible the appearance of psychological trauma with a complex, specific and multifactorial stress effect that underlies a whole spectrum of mental disorders. The implementation of a complex of timely psycho-preventive measures will allow reveal initial signs of mental disadaptation, psychosomatic pathology, emotional burnout and determine effective measures for restoring and preserving mental health in emergency rescue specialists of teams of Federal Medical Biophysical Centre of the the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia.

Download Full-text

Peculiarities of nonpsychotic mental disorders in students depending on specialty they learn

Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii ◽

10.36927//2079-0325-v28-is2-2020-10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-54

Author(s):

Olga Yurtsenyuk

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Key Words ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Medical Psychology ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Gender Aspect

Health status of students at higher educational institutions draws attention of specialists in different fields of medicine. Comparison of mental health of different population groups determined that this issue is especially urgent concerning students. Objective of the study was investigation of peculiarities of nonpsychotic mental disorders (NPMD) among students depending on the specialty they learn, the year of studies, and sex. In the period from 2015 to 2017 a comprehensive examination including 1235 students was conducted keeping to the principles of bioethics and deontology. The following methods were applied: clinical, clinical-psychopathologic, clinical-epidemiologic, clinical-anamnestic, experimental-psychological and statistical. The study resulted in the following findings: 317 students out of 1235 of all the examined individuals were diagnosed with NPMD (25.67 %). In a gender aspect NPMD was found among 97 (30.60 %) males and 220 (69.40 %) females. The highest susceptibility to the development of NPMD was found among students on specialties “Pediatrics” and “Medical Psychology” — 48.48 %, and the lowest one — among the students of philosophic-theological faculty — 9.68 %. Firstyear and fifth-year students appeared to be the most susceptible to the development of NPMD. The results obtained should be considered in programming the system of preventive measures in order to timely find and treat the above disorders. Key words: nonpsychotic mental disorders, students, specialties of study, neurotic stress-related and somatoform disorders

Download Full-text

Supplemental Material for WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and Distribution of Mental Disorders

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000362.supp ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Student ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Surveys ◽

World Mental Health ◽

International College

Download Full-text

The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1671923 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽

J. Alonso ◽

S. Chatterji ◽

S. Lee ◽

T. B. Üstün ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Policy ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Cost Effective ◽

World Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Estimates

SummaryThe paper presents an overview of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative and summarizes recent WMH results regarding the prevalence and societal costs of mental disorders. The WMH surveys are representative community surveys that were carried out in 28 countries throughout the world aimed at providing information to mental health policy makers about the prevalence, burden, and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders. Results show that mental disorders are commonly occurring in all participating countries. The inter-quartile range (IQR: 25th-75th percentiles) of lifetime DSM-IV disorder prevalence estimates (combining anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders) is 18.1-36.1%. The IQR of 12-month prevalence estimates is 9.8-19.1%. Analysis of age-of-onset reports shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood-adolescence and have significant adverse effects on subsequent role transitions. Adult mental disorders are found in the WMH data to be associated with high levels of role impairment. Despite this burden, the majority of mental disorders go untreated. Although these results suggest that expansion of treatment could be cost-effective from both the employer perspective and the societal perspective, treatment effectiveness trials are needed to confirm this suspicion. The WMH results regarding impairments are being used to target several such interventions.

Download Full-text

A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.30.3.03 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 148-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Caron ◽

A. Liu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Low Income ◽

Well Being ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

High Psychological Distress

Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.

Download Full-text

Developing Mental Health Pathways for People With Intellectual Disability and Mental Disorders: Experience From a Specialist Intellectual Disability Service in North London, UK

10.26226/morressier.5a6ef3eed462b80290b5784c ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bhathika Perera

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Disability Service ◽

North London

Download Full-text

Is Pacific language ability protective of prevalence of mental disorders among Pacific peoples in New Zealand?

Pacific Health Dialog ◽

10.26635/phd.2018.902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eirenei Taua'i ◽

Rose Richards ◽

Jesse Kokaua

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

New Zealand ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Disorder ◽

Positive Role ◽

Pacific People ◽

Language Promotion

Aims: To explore associations between experiences of mental illness, migration status and languages spoken among Pacific adults living in NZ. Methods: SURVEY FREQ and SURVEY LOGISTIC procedures in SAS were applied to data from Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand (NZ) Mental Health Survey, a survey of 12,992 New Zealand adults aged 16 and over in 2003/2004. Pacific people were over sampled and this paper focuses on the 2374 Pacific participants but includes, for comparison, 8160 non-Maori-non-Pacific (NMNP) participants. Results: Pacific migrant respondents had the lowest prevalence of mental disorders compared to other Pacific peoples. However, Pacific immigrants were also less likely to use mental health services, suggesting an increased likelihood of experiencing barriers to available mental health care. Those who were born in NZ and who were proficient in a Pacific language had the lowest levels of common mental disorders, suggesting a protective effect for the NZ-born population. Additionally, access to mental health services was similar between NZ-born people who spoke a Pacific language and those who did not. Conclusions: We conclude that, given the association between Pacific language and reduced mental disorder, there may be a positive role for Pacific language promotion in efforts to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorder among Pacific communities in NZ.

Download Full-text

Suicidality and Treatment Experience Among Young People Who Inject Drugs

10.31234/osf.io/yxwqd ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti ◽

Lawrence J. Ouellet

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Young People ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Psychiatric Research ◽

Health Treatment ◽

The Past

Background. We examined correlates of past year suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) and described past year treatment experiences among young people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. Participants were 570 adults (18-25 years) who injected primarily heroin. Interviews were conducted at field stations operated by Community Outreach Intervention Projects in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Interviewers administered the Psychiatric Research Instrument for Substance and Mental Disorders. Substance use and mental disorders were based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Past year STB was based on multiple questions. Results. Sixteen percent of men and 25% of women reported STB in the past year. In multivariable analysis, STB was associated with non-heterosexual orientation, foster care, and being raised by two parents. Primary major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and borderline personality disorder had independent effects on suicidality. Among those reporting past year STB (n=111), 83% ever received mental health treatment, while 44% did so in the past year. While 24% of respondents indicated that at least one treatment matched their needs very well, 30% reported treatment that did not match their needs at all. The most common reason for ending treatment was program completion (about 50%) while getting better was endorsed by about 25%. Nearly half reported ending treatment due to a bad experience, logistical issues, or expense. Conclusions. Young PWID are at high risk for suicidal behavior and their mental health treatment experiences often do not meet their needs. There is a pressing need for more integrated substance use and mental health treatment.

Download Full-text

Relationship between satisfaction with learning outcomes and mental health among medical and engineering students

Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery) ◽

10.33920/med-01-2001-08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

O. Bukhanovskaya ◽

N. Demcheva

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

University Students ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Clinical Forms ◽

Complete Survey ◽

Medical University

Method of calculating the index of crisis of gratification has been developed on the basis of the complete survey of 995 students of medical university and 804 students of engineering university, determination of clinical and social parameters and factors related to the process of education in the specialized university. It included: a scale for the assessment of the degree of intellectual intensity, academic performance, stress situations related to the peculiarities of education. Reliable differences in values between groups of healthy students, students with preclinical and clinical forms of mental disorders are revealed as a result of calculation of the index of gratification. The authors conclude that satisfaction with the results of education has a significant impact on the mental health of university students.

Download Full-text