scholarly journals OMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS OF THE TERRITORY UNDER HARMFUL CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC EXPOSURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Gulnara R. Khanturina ◽  
Z. I. Namazbaeva ◽  
G. S. Zhumabekova ◽  
G. Zh. Seitkasymova ◽  
I. A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Assessment Score ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Syr Darya

Adverse climatic and anthropogenic factors can affect the health of people living near the dried-up Aral Sea. There was modified the comprehensive assessment of inorganic chemical pollution of the environment of the village in the Zhosaly Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. The comprehensive assessment score included 5 categories: satisfactory, intense, critical, crisis, catastrophic. According to own research over 2014-2015 based on the mentioned assessment score, the comprehensive assessment score amounted to 41 points and showed a critical situation. In the air, there was observed the phenol content of 1.02 MAC, suspended solids - 0.5 MAC. The main part of the fine suspended solids sized of 1.5-2.5 mm, round shape, was formed in the process of condensation and evaporation of the sea and the Syr Darya River. In the dust, there was found the excess in silicon content of 2.8 MAC, iron - 1.3 MAC, zinc 1.1 MAC. As soil pollutants, there were detected sulfates - of 173.5 MAC, chlorides - 9.0 MAC, mercury - 0.56 MAC, nickel - 0.49 MAC. In drinking water, there was revealed cadmium excess of 1.3 MAC, nickel - 1.2 MAC, chlorides - 1.25 MPC, sulfates - 1.0 MAC. In the water of the Syr Darya River, there was revealed an excess in nickel - of 2.2 MAC, sulfates - 1.8 MAC, dissolved oxygen - 2.0 MAC. In the sediments of the Syr Darya river, the sulfate content accounted for 3.36 MAC and chlorides - 1.53 MAC. In the snow cover there was revealed an excess of manganese - 5.14MPC, chromium - 2.04 MAC, zinc - 1.2 MAC. In a critical situation a significant portion (30-50%) of the population may be in a state of exertion and adaptation surge, and the most susceptible part seems to be in a state of adaptation failure, characterized by an increase in incidence rate.

scholarly journals Modern condition and analysis of anthropogenous-climatic transformation of vegetation of lakes of the northern Steppe land

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Roshchyna
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Floodplain Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Higher Aquatic Vegetation

In this article, the current and former distribution of higher aquatic vegetation has been analyzed for floodplain lakes, arenas lakes and third terraces lakes in the valleys of large and medium North-Steppe Dnieper rivers. The article is devoted to the current state analysis of the higher aquatic vegetation at North-Steppe Dnieper lakes, its dynamics over a long-term period, as well as the determination of the nature and extent of anthropogenic-climatic changes in vegetation. Anthropogenic influence is a major threat to the development and functioning of most aquatic ecosystems. Since the twentieth century, it has been intensified by trends to long-term climate changes, which are also largely result of human activity. Increasing temperature of the winter season does not contribute to snow accumulation. Reduction of snow accumulation (frequent thaws during the winter), regulation of river flow (formation of a reservoirs cascade and ponds) and accumulation of melt water in artificial reservoirs led to the smoothing of the peak of the spring flood. Thus, the factor that provided spring washing of floodplain lakes, limited their overgrowing by air-water vegetation and their waterlogging disappeared. The anthropogenic factors that influence negatively include: intensification of agriculture, plowing of coastal areas, unreasonable land reclamation, overgrazing, development of transport and engineering infrastructure, urbanization, recreation, and chemical pollution. The presented data was obtained on the basis of processing our own research materials of 2009–2018 and literary and archival materials analysis (the herbarium of the Dnipropetrovs’k National University and the archive of the Research Institute of Biology). Natural Northern Steppe Dnieper lakes are located mainly in river valleys, so the study area was conventionally divided into sections: the large river valley (Dnieper) and the middle rivers valleys (Samara and Orel). Three ecological groups of macrophytes were reviewed and compared: hydatofites (submerged species), pleistophytes (species with floating leaves) and helophytes (air-water species). The vegetation of Dnieper floodplain lakes practically did not change for all three formation groups. The number of immersed plants communities within the floodplains of medium-sized rivers has decreased by three. The pleistophytes and helophytes associations decreased to fragments of associations. The lakes vegetation within the sandy Dnieper terrace practically did not change for all three formation groups. The submerged lakes plants associations within the sandy medium-sized rivers terraces have been reduced by two. As part of the lakes vegetation on the Dnipro saline terraces, fragments of associations of the two species are considered extinct. A new association of southern adventive species Ruppia maritima L. has appeared within the limits of the middle rivers saline terrace. Changes in higher aquatic vegetation are characteristic of all types of lakes. Changes occur in the direction of crowding out higher aquatic vegetation communities by airborne plant communities. The consequence of the anthropogenic-climatic transformation of aquatic ecosystems is increased mineralization, siltation, and, as a result, intensive overgrowing of lakes by aboriginal and adventive species with a wide ecological amplitude (replacement of sensitive to environmental changes species).

scholarly journals CLINICAL LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Ya. G. Turdybekova ◽  
A. A. Kelmyalene ◽  
Berikbai Zh. Kultanov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Karaganda Region

In the area under study, mainly saline and solonetsous territories. The situation negatively affects the offspring of the population living in the region Continuing the work on assessing the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population, we compared the reproductive health of women living in five settlements of the Kyzylorda region and two settlements in the Karaganda region. There were observed 686 women in the zone of environmental crisis, 720 women living in the zone of environmental disaster and 388 women living in the Karaganda region in areas bordering the Aral Sea region. The examination was carried out on the basis of an integrated clinical-functional and laboratory examination, taking into account regional and environmental ecological factors. In the Kyzylorda region, there is a delayed onset of menarche occurred in girls older than 16 years (39%), there is a tendency to rejuvenate the age of the onset of menopause. In the Karaganda region, late menarche occurs only in 12% of cases. A third of the examined women suffered from inflammatory diseases of female genital organs in both regions. Perinatal losses, cases of spontaneous interruption and/or undeveloped pregnancies in the anamnesis are repeated many times, in zones of the ecological catastrophe and the environmental crisis there are frequent as one in four women. However, in the Karaganda region, this value figure was almost 3 times less (14%).

Application of the Commercial approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
River System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Syr Darya

Chapter 4 provides a few case studies of rivers to illustrate the consequences of the Commercial approach. These rivers are: the Colorado River of the United States; the Murray-Darling river system of Australia; the Amu Darya and Syr Darya of the former Soviet Union; the Nile River of Africa; and the Indus River of South Asia. It shows that in each case, the application of the Commercial approach has led to river fragmentation and excessive withdrawal of water, leading to exhaustion of rivers, which in turn led to salinity intrusion and erosion, subsidence, and desiccation of the deltas. The ecology of the river basins has been damaged, including loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. In case of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, this damage includes the destruction of the Aral Sea, once considered the second-largest inland waterbody of the world. In each case, the Commercial approach has led to conflicts among co-riparian countries.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Influences on Environmental Changes of Lake Bosten, the Largest Inland Freshwater Lake in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Long Ma ◽  
Jilili Abuduwaili
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
The 1960S

A short lacustrine sediment core (41 cm) from Lake Bosten in arid central Asia was used to investigate the environmental changes that occurred in the past ≈150 years based on the superposition of climate and anthropogenic factors. Geochemical elements, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), and stable isotope data (δ13Corg and δ15N) were used to identify abnormal environmental changes. The average C/N ratio in the sediments of Lake Bosten suggested that the organic matter in lake sediments was mainly from aquatic plants. The δ13Corg and δ15N in the lake sediments mainly reflect changes in the structure of the lake’s ecosystem. Before the 1960s, the primary productivity of the lake was relatively low with a relatively stable lake water environment. From the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the lake’s ecosystem was closely related to a significant decline in water levels caused by human activities and an increase in salinity. From the late 1980s to ≈2000, the aquatic plant structure of Lake Bosten did not change significantly. After 2000, the upper part of the sedimentary record suggested enhanced productivity due to urban and industrial development in the catchment area. However, sedimentary perspectives of the responses of different environmental proxies in sediments to human activities were anisochronous, and the increasing heavy metal (Pb and Cu) and P accumulations appeared in 1970, reflecting heightened human impacts. Through the comparison between the Aral Sea and Lake Bosten, it was inferred that, under the intervention of human activities, the lake experienced a completely different evolution trend. Humans, as geological agents, should protect our living environment while satisfying social development. The results will provide an important supplement to a large spatial scale study of the influences of human activities on the environment in Central Asia, which also has some significant implications for the protection of the ecological environment and the realization of sustainable development in arid regions.

scholarly journals DESERTIFICATION AND LAND DEGRADATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
G. Issanova ◽  
◽  
A. Saduakhas ◽  
J. Abuduwaili ◽  
K. Tynybayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Carbonate Content

Desertification and land degradation are common processes in arid and semi-arid regions of Kazakhstan, especially southern parts, where areas are covered by a great variety of desert types. In deserts, soil-forming processes take place in conditions of severe water shortage, and high level of soil degradation and desertification. The main natural factors for these processes are a flat terrain, a high degree of arid climate, soil salinity, carbonate content, a lack of structure and low natural soil fertility. However, the anthropogenic factors of desertification and soil degradation became dominant last decades. The study considers the actual problems of natural and anthropogenic factors of desertification and land degradation within Kazakhstan. The desertification of huge territories is accompanied by soil contamination, waterlogging by surface water and groundwater, soil salinization, erosion (water, wind), degradation of vegetation cover, dehumidification and a decrease in general regional biological capacity. Analysis of the current status of the soil cover has shown intensive land degradation 43 % of the territory of Kazakhstan is subjected to degradation in significant degree; over 14 % of pastures have reached an extreme degree of degradation or are completely degradated. The Aral Sea region, Northern Caspian Sea and Southern Balkhash deserts can be observed as areas of intensive soil desertification, salinization and deflation processes. As well as the desertification process are progressing in the irrigated soils of the deltas of Syrdarya, Shu, Ile and Karatal rivers.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Vegetation Change of Syr-Darya Delta and the Bottom-dried Aral Sea Area Using SPOT Satellite Data

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro HORIKAWA ◽  
Yukihiro MORIMOTO ◽  
Yosihiro NATUHARA ◽  
Konstantin Pachikin
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Syr Darya

scholarly journals A novel causal structure-based framework for comparing basin-wide water-energy-food-ecology nexuses applied to the data-limited Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Shi ◽  
Geping Luo ◽  
Hongwei Zheng ◽  
Chunbo Chen ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Upstream Reservoir ◽  
Syr Darya

Abstract. The previous comparative studies on watersheds were mostly based on the comparison of dispersive characteristics, which lacked systemicity and causality. We proposed a causal structure-based framework for basin comparison based on the Bayesian network (BN), and focus on the basin-scale water-energy-food-ecology (WEFE) nexuses. We applied it to the Syr Darya river basin (SDB) and the Amu Darya river basin (ADB) that caused the Aral Sea disaster. The causality of the nexuses was effectively compared and universality of this framework was discussed. In terms of changes of the nexuses, the sensitive factor for the water supplied to the Aral Sea changed from the agricultural development during the Soviet Union period to the disputes in the WEFE nexuses after the disintegration. The water-energy contradiction of SDB is more severe than that of ADB partly due to the higher upstream reservoir interception capacity. It further made management of the winter surplus water downstream of SDB more controversial. Due to this, the water-food-ecology conflict between downstream countries may escalate and turn into a long-term chronic problem. Reducing water inflow to depressions and improving the planting structure prove beneficial to the Aral Sea ecology and this effect of SDB is more significant. The construction of reservoirs on the Panj river of the upstream ADB should be cautious to avoid an intense water-energy conflict as SDB. It is also necessary to promote the water-saving drip irrigation and to strengthen the cooperation.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Women's Reproductive Health in the Areas Bordering With the Aral Sea Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasminur G. Turdybekova ◽  
Irina L. Kopobayeva ◽  
Berikbay Zh Kultanov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ecological Disaster ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

AIM: We examined 435 women of Aktobe region and 328 women of South Kazakhstan region, living in areas bordering the Aral Sea region during the study and comparative assessment of the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey based on the comprehensive clinical-functional and laboratory studies accounting the regional and environmental ecological factors. Survey subject was the area of 2 settlements of Aktobe region and 1 settlement of South Kazakhstan region.RESULTS: In all three areas it was revealed that the examined women had the later menarche. There is a trend towards younger age for menopause. The women of South Kazakhstan region often suffer from the pelvic inflammatory disease.CONCLUSION: Perinatal losses, the case of spontaneous interruption and stagnant pregnancy in history, which can be repeated, one in three women has in the zone of ecological disaster.

scholarly journals Complex Assessment and Forecasting of Chemical Pollution of Small Rivers by Economic and Mathematical Modelling Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-469
Author(s):  
Halyna B. Humeniuk ◽  
Volodymyr O. Khomenchuk ◽  
Nataliia M. Harmatiy ◽  
Iryna B. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Unio Pictorum

The purpose of this work is to determine the hydrochemical parameters of the water of the river Seret and the features of the accumulation of heavy metals by bivalve molluscs Unio pictorum L. to predict the chemical contamination of the reservoir in the near future. Water samples for the study were taken in spring (April) and summer (July) from the Seret River at two points: above and below Ternopil. It is established that the chemical composition of the water of the river Seret is formed under the influence of a number of factors, but seasonal and anthropogenic factors play a dominant role. In the spring season, a number of hydrochemical indicators (pH, water hardness, concentration of ΝΟ 2-, ΝН4+, Сl- ions and metals) have lower values than in the summer. In addition, there is an increase in the amount of organic matter, ammonium cations, nitrite ions, chloride ions, phosphate ions and a decrease in oxygen concentration below Ternopil, especially in the summer season. This is evidence that the Seret River is under significant anthropogenic impact. An increase in the concentration of metals (Mn, Cu and Pb) in summer below Ternopil was revealed, which may be due to the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater. The series of metal concentrations in the water of the Seret River looks as follows Mn → Zn → Pb → Cd → Cu, and the series of accumulation of metals in the tissues of molluscs Unio pictorum L. has the form Zn → Mn → Cu → Pb → Cd. On the basis of bioaccumulation coefficients of heavy metals by molluscs, a prediction of the situation on their content in water for the short term based on the theory of Markov chains was made. This theory allows us to make forecasts of a factor, taking into account the possibility of accidental influences on the environment, and to investigate the highest probability of finding a factor in a certain numerical parameter. The possibility of using economic and mathematical modelling tools and statistical methods based on correlation-regression analysis using modern Matlab information systems to identify correlations between chemical indicators of water quality and biological molluscs for modelling the environmental situation of the river Seret and assessing the contribution of the studied indicators in pollution of small rivers is shown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document