scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIC IMPORTANCE OF СOLIFORM INDICATORS OF THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
L. V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Z. Artyomova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
A. V. Zagaynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Indicator Microorganism

Introduction. The criteria used for the sanitary-bacteriological assessment of the quality of tap water should ensure its epidemic safety, which is important when choosing priority indicator microorganisms, quantitative determination of which will allow characterizing the risk of intestinal infections associated with water use conditions with sufficient reliability. Material and methods. Analyzed water studies for 10 years for the presence of sanitary-indicative bacteria in the water of surface water bodies in accordance with the guidelines MUK 4.2.1884. To isolate and quantify Salmonella, there were used the conventional magnesium medium and the developed nutrient medium, ready for use. The obtained data were processed using the statistical software package Statistic for Windows. Results. It has been established that E.coli can be considered as an additional indicator in order to assess recent fecal contamination. The absence of E.coli in drinking water does not guarantee the absence of other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria exhibited the greatest viability. E. coli turned out to be less stable, i.e. microorganisms, on an indication of which the system of sanitary and epidemic safety of the water use was built. In the experiments, lactose-positive coliform bacteria were established to be less resistant to the action of disinfecting agents than salmonella and potentially pathogenic bacteria, which should not be inherent to the indicator microorganism. Conclusion. Research results indicate that the absence of normalized lactose-positive fecal indicators fails to guarantee the absence of infectious agents since lactose-negative enterobacteria are unaccounted for - pathogenic and potentially pathogenic species causing intestinal infections. Therefore, in the sanitary-bacteriological control of tap water, it is more expedient to focus on the indicator glucose coliform bacteria (GKB).

scholarly journals The rationale for introducing the indices «Generalized coliform bacteria» and «Escherichia coli» into the scheme of sanitary and microbiological control of water quality as indices of fecal contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359
Author(s):  
Angelika V. Zagainova ◽  
Galina M. Trukhina ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Tamara Z. Artemova ◽  
Marina A. Sukhina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Introduction. The increasing bacterial contamination of water bodies requires an increase in water quality control’s reliability to ensure epidemic safety against waterborne infections. Therefore, researchers in both Russia and Europe came to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for indicator microorganisms that can more accurately suggest the presence of pathogens. microorganisms in water than traditional indicators. The aim of the study was to justify the introduction of indicator indices of fecal contamination “generalized coliform bacteria” and Escherichia coli to assess the safety of drinking water Material and methods. The article provides an analysis of domestic and international regulatory documents and literary materials regulating the quality of drinking water in terms of sanitary and microbiological indicators and assessment criteria. The results of many years of experimental and field research carried out by research organizations and practical organizations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare are presented. Results. On the territory of Russia, “general coliform bacteria,” is one of the indicator indices chosen according to the fermentation of lactose, determine the safety of drinking water. The water does not take into account pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella) and a number of lactose-negative opportunistic bacteria, causative agents of intestinal infections. The study of microorganisms isolated from the feces of patients confirms the frequency of occurrence of lactose-negative microorganisms to varying from 20 to 100% of strains. With an annual trend towards a decrease in the percentage of non-standard drinking water samples in terms of microbiological indices, general intestinal infections (GII) of unknown etiology increase, i.e. risk of GII. If the quality of drinking water does not correspond to thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), 95% of samples contain E. coli. Therefore, the determination of E. coli more reliably indicates the intake of fresh fecal contamination and provides efficiency in taking measures to eliminate an unfavorable situation than TCB. Conclusion. Reasons are given for the introduction of more reliable microbiological indicators of water safety control, such as - “generalized coliform bacteria” with the preservation of the abbreviation GCB, combining both lactose-positive and lactose-negative bacteria, determined by the sign of glucose fermentation, negative oxidase test and negative stain according to Gram and E. coli as an indicator of recent faecal contamination, which will allow the assessment of water quality for a wide range of bacteria of the order Enterobacterials, corresponding to the modern taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae NCBI, will ensure harmonization with international requirements and the safety of drinking water for the population.

scholarly journals Determination of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Animal Tissues Using Escherichia coli as Indicator Organism

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Choi ◽  
Arlene J Yee ◽  
Dianne Thompson ◽  
Jurek Samoluk ◽  
Mark Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Indicator Microorganism ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Abstract Three strains of Escherichia coli(ATCC 128,10536, and 25922) and one strain of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 3491) were compared as indicator microorganisms in microbial inhibition tests for their ability to detect fluoroquinolone residues. E. coli strains 128 and 10536 were most susceptible to fluoroquinolone residues, with detection limits of 35-50 μg/kg for enrofloxacin. Of the 2 strains, E. coli 10536 was slightly less susceptible. Ciprofloxacin was detected consistently by E. coli 128 at 30 μg/kg. Other fluoroquinolone drugs of veterinary interest detected by E. coli 128 were sarafloxacin and difloxacin at 100-250 μg/kg concentration. E. coli25922 yielded 100% sensitivity in detection of enrofloxacin only at the 250 μg/kg concentration, and ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin at 200 μg/kg. B. subtilis detected only enrofloxacin 100% of the time at 250 μg/kg. The E. coli strains tested were insensitive to other antibacterials commonly used in animals, with the exception of ceftiofur which was detected by E. coli 128 and 10536 at 500 μg/kg. The B. subtilis strain was not effective in detecting the fluoroquinolone drugs, whereas the E. coli strains were selective for the fluoroquinolones. E. coli 128 was 100% effective in detecting enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in spiked diaphragm homogenate samples at 50 μg/kg. Of the microorganisms tested, E. coli strain ATCC 128 was highly suitable as an indicator microorganism in a microbial inhibition assay for selective detection of fluoroquinolone antibacterial residues in animal tissues.

Detection of Coliforms in Drinking Water and its Effect on Human Health - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Public Health Protection

The coliform group has been used extensively as an indicator of water quality and has historically led to the public health protection concept. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, for example in soil or vegetation, as well as the intestines of mammals, including humans. Total coliform bacteria are not likely to cause illness, but their presence indicates that the water supply may be vulnerable to contamination by more harmful microorganisms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the only member of the total coliform group of bacteria that is found only in the intestines of mammals, including humans. The presence of E. coli in water indicates recent fecal contamination and may indicate the possible presence of disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless, certain strains, such as E.coli 0157:H7, may cause illness. About 80 % of communicable diseases in the world are waterborne. According to WHO estimate about 80 % of water pollution in developing country, like India is carried by domestic waste. In India 70 % of the water is seriously polluted and 75 % of illness and 80 % of the child mortality is attributed to water pollution. The improper management of water systems may cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. The major pathogenic bacteria responsible for water borne disease are spread by the faeco-oral route, in which water may play an intermediate role. The aim of this review is to examine methods currently in use for the detection of coliforms in drinking water and also to evaluate the possible health hazards associated with drinking water contaminated with coliforms.

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drin Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drink from Different Food Premises in Kota Samarahan Sarawak

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. a13-19
Author(s):  
ELEXSON NILLIAN ◽  
AMIZA NUR ◽  
DIYANA NUR ◽  
AMIRAH ZAKIRAH ◽  
GRACE BEBEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Contamination of drinks with E. coli O157:H7 served in food premises such as restaurants can cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome to humans. The presence or absence of faecal pathogen was demonstrated using coliform group as indicator microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water from food restaurant premise in Kota Samarahan and Kuching to ensure safe and potable drinking water is served to the consumer. A total of thirty (n=30) drink samples including six types of each of the samples are cold plain water, iced tea, iced milo, syrup and iced milk tea. Most Probable Number (MPN) procedure was used in this study to enumerate the MPN values of coliform bacteria in each drink collected. A total of 53.33% (16/30) of the drink samples showed positive E. coli detection. Then, the PCR assay showed 6.25% (one out of 16 isolates) samples were positive and carried stx1 gene produced by E. coli O157:H7 in iced milo sample types. This study showed the drinks collected from food premises was contaminated with faecal contamination, which was not safe to drink by the consumer. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to prevent foodborne illness outbreak in future

scholarly journals Could the miraculous springs in the Pardubice region be used as drinking water sources?

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S109-S114
Author(s):  
M. Pejchalová ◽  
P. Hanzalová ◽  
R. Metelka ◽  
J. Vytřasová
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Filtration Technique ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

Selected springs in the Pardubice Region were repeatedly examined for analytical and microbiological indicators. Microbiological analyses included the determination of intestinal enterococci, coliform bacteria, E. coli, and the number of colonies cultivated at temperature form 22&deg;C to 36&deg;C. The analyses were carried out according to the relevant CSN ISO norms using the membrane filtration technique and also the alternative cultivation method Colilert<sup>&reg;</sup>/Quanti-Tray 2000<sup>&reg;</sup> quantification method using the defined substrate technology. Out of 11 wells and springs examined, only two satisfied the requirements for potable water with all indicators observed.

COLIFORM BACTERIA IN SEA WATER AND SHELLFISH: II. THE E. C. CONFIRMATION TEST FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tennant ◽  
J. E. Reid ◽  
L. J. Rockwell ◽  
E. T. Bynoe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Cultures

Recently there has been considerable interest in Canada and the United States in the development of an effective, simple test for the estimation of Escherichia coli densities in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters as a better indication of "faecal" pollution than that provided by the coliform group. The fidelity of the E.C. confirmation test for the determination of E. coli densities was evaluated in 15 shellfish-growing areas which were classified as "polluted" or "unpolluted" according to generally accepted criteria. Coliform strains were isolated from 2765 E.C. gas positive confirmation test cultures and identified by IMViC tests. The mean fidelity of the test, as an indication of the presence of E. coli, was circa 90 per cent; contrary to expectations, however, the per cent recovery of E. coli was higher in unpolluted areas than in polluted areas, and varied considerably from region to region. Aerobacter aerogenes types I and II were the most common other E.C. gas positive coliform biotypes found. The usefulness of the confirmation test and the sanitary significance of these data are discussed.

An improved method for determining HNMs in drinking water

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Q. Huang ◽  
M. Y. Ruan ◽  
J. D. Yan ◽  
H. C. Hong ◽  
H. J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Method Detection Limit ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Water Ph

Halonitromethanes (HNMs) in drinking water are increasingly becoming a public concern due to their high health risks, so development of a sensitive method for their analysis has become a priority. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) method is dominantly used in current studies regarding HNMs. However the sensitivity is far from ideal. The present study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the extraction efficiency during HNM analysis by LLE method, and as a result develop a more sensitive extraction method for HNM determination. Results showed that the dose of sodium sulfate exerted the most significant influence, followed by copper sulfate, while the pH and manual shaking times have little effect. Under the suitable conditions (for extracting HNMs in 45 mL water: pH = 3.5–5, CuSO4 = 1.0 g, Na2SO4 = 6 g, shaking times = 120–180), the correlation coefficients (r) of the calibration curves for nine HNMs were all more than 0.9925. The method detection limit (MDL) ranged from 0.017 to 0.217 μg L−1 with an average of 0.076 μg L−1, which was dominantly lower than the method reported. The recovery (spiked blank samples: 98–108%; spiked tap water: 81–120%) and precision (relative standard deviation: 0.46–6.72) also showed good reliability and reproducibility of the method. Finally, the developed method was applied to the determination of HNMs in real water samples.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Determination of Radon-222 in Natural Drinking Water Sources in Outskirts of Yekaterinburg

2014 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Radon Content

Analysis of the 222Rn specific activity in water of three springs situated in Western outskirts of Yekaterinburg, out of the well that is the main drinking water source in the Palkinsky Torfyanning community, as well as the Yekaterinburg tap water has been carried out. Assessment of the radon content fluctuations over the period from January to November, 2013 in water of one of the sources under study has been done.

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