scholarly journals Análisis Social, Económico y Ambiental del sector Friolero: perspectiva de pequeños productores (Social, economic and environmental analysis of the dry bean producers: A perspective on small size Costa Rican farmers)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ligia Eugenia Guerrero Varga ◽  
Luis Santiago Vindas Montero ◽  
Ana Gabriela Víquez Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Santa Cecilia

<p>En los últimos años, la actividad frijolera en Costa Rica ha ido perdiendo competitividad, afectada principalmente por los altos costos de producción y precios de importación más bajos; lo anterior lleva a cuestionarse si el cultivo del frijol debería seguir fomentándose, pero al evaluar no sólo el punto de vista económico, sino más bien haciendo especial enfoque a las repercusiones sociales, ambientales y culturales que conlleva la actividad. La investigación se plantea al carecer de información formal y documentada que permita visualizar la realidad del sector frijolero en aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos en el campo de la sustentabilidad de gremios conformados principalmente por pequeños productores de empresas cooperativas y asociaciones, en los cantones de Upala, Guatuso y Los Chiles de la Zona Huetar Norte, así como en las localidades de Santa Cecilia y la Cruz de Guanacaste. Para lo anterior, se utilizó la metodología conocida como marco de evaluación MESMIS. Las conclusiones más relevantes arrojan que la actividad frijolera es una actividad familiar, con una alta vulnerabilidad en factores sociales y económicos asociados a la actividad, resultados que se vinculan directamente con la declaratoria del Año Internacional de la Agricultura Familiar (AIAF) 2014, propuesto por la FAO, que tiene como objetivo aumentar la visibilidad de la agricultura familiar y la agricultura a pequeña escala.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>During the latter years, dry bean production in Costa Rica has lost competitiveness due to high production costs and lower import prices that lead to reconsider whether dry bean production should still be encouraged but also consider the social, environmental and cultural consequences entailed in this activity. This research was driven by a lack of documented formal data that could help visualize the sector’s social, environmental and economic aspects that bind together the professional unions of mainly cooperative and rural associations of small farmers in the cantons of Upala, Guatuso and Los Chiles of the Northern Huetar Zone, as well as those from the communities of Santa Cecilia and La Cruz in the Guanacaste province.  To this end, a methodology known as the MESMIS Evaluating Framework was used. The most relevant conclusions point out that dry bean production is a familial activity with high vulnerability to social and economic factors associated with this activity, that can be directly related to the declaration by FAO of the year 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) with the objective of increasing the visibility of family and small scale farming<strong><br /></strong></p>

scholarly journals Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Tamás Mizik ◽  
Gábor Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

The Social and Political Integration of West Indians in Costa Rica: 1930–50

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Harpelle
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Development ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
West Indians ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
The Social

People of African descent in Costa Rica form a marginalised and geographically concentrated minority group. The limited interest that academics have shown towards people of African descent is a reflection of their position in Costa Rican society. National histories consistently ignore the contributions of West Indian immigrants to the economic and social development of modern Costa Rica. Moreover, the existing literature on people of African descent in Costa Rica fails to document properly West Indians' efforts to integrate into Hispanic society. As a result, several misconceptions continue to exist about the evolution of the West Indian community in Costa Rica.

The Fertility Plateau in Costa Rica: a Review of Causes and Remedies

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Holl ◽  
Gretchen C. Daily ◽  
Paul R. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Influence ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Status Of Women

The decline and subsequent above-replacement plateau in Costa Rican fertility rates illustrates a demographic pattern that is apparent in other developing countries. This paper discusses the complexity of factors that contribute to the fertility plateau in Costa Rica. These contributory factors include the social and economic status of women, socio-economic conditions in general, lack of government commitment to and supply of family planning services relative to demand, deficient sex and family-planning education, and the powerful institutional influence of the Catholic Church.We then discuss possible strategies, for developing and developed nations alike, to slow and eventually halt the exponential growth of the global human population. For this quintessential need the most important strategies, we suggest, are targeted education for both sexes and provision of comprehensive contraceptive and abortion services.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI LABU MADU DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG PROVINSI BANTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Khaerul Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Social Environmental

Besides having a high economic value, Pumpkin honey also has good nutritional content, technically honey pumpkin cultivation is no different from other plants, but in pumpkin, honey cultivation requires a higher investment, especially at variable costs, this study was conducted in Pandeglang district, in general, it is suitable for pumpkin honey cultivation. The objectives of this study include to: (1) Financial feasibility of pumpkin honey farming. (2) The rate of sensitivity (sensitivity) to the decline in selling prices, increase in production costs and decrease in the amount of production (3) The feasibility of the aspects of cultivation, social environment, economics and marketing of Pumpkin Honey. tabulation and computational methods to facilitate analysis. Data analysis uses quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis analyzes financial feasibility (B/C Ratio, NPV, IRR and PBP) and sensitivity analysis using applicable interest rates, qualitative descriptive analysis is used to determine the feasibility of cultivation, social environmental, economic and marketing aspects. The results showed that (1) Honey Pumpkin Cultivation in Cipeucang and Cimanuk Subdistricts of Pandeglang Regency was feasible to be cultivated with Gross B/C Ratio, Net B/C Ratio, NPV.IRR and Payback Period (PBP) feasible. (2) The possibility of a decrease in production, a decrease in output prices, and an increase in production costs, according to investment criteria and in a proper condition, and have a good level of sensitivity. (3) The technical aspects of cultivation from climate and rainfall following the Pumpkin Honey plant, the social and environmental aspects are feasible, the marketing aspects are feasible and very promising.

scholarly journals Bodies in motion: spaces, emotions and representations that (de)construct realities

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Alonso Caravaca-Morera ◽  
Maria Itayra Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
San Jose ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Population

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the social representations of the body among Brazilian and Costa Rican transsexual people through their life stories. METHOD Qualitative and descriptive multicenter research. The study population consisted of 70 participants. Two organizations cooperated to collect the information, one in Florianópolis, SC-Brazil and one in San José, the capital of Costa Rica. Content Analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Based on the results, a single social representation of corporeality was unveiled: “Modeled bodies: about the elasticity of corporeality”. This representation described two clear elementary context units (discourse matrices). The first associates the body with an inconclusive, transitory, volatile, pliable, moldable and fluid object, while the second relates the body with a separate institution, but regulated and controlled by others. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the transsexual body is a volatile, transient, transformable institution, crossed by the marks of a historicizing and historicizable time, which comes within the scope not only of what can be named by means of linguistic signs, but also of what belongs to the unnamable in terms of sociocultural perceptions and feelings.

Debt and Wrong-Way Resource Flows in Costa Rica

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Annis
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
Resource Flows ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Third World

External debt, poverty, and the use of natural resources are inextricably linked. This article examines an ethical aspect of that linkage: the social direction of resource flow. It argues that the direction in which a country's economic resources are transferred—from poor to rich, or rich to poor—also sets the pattern for the flow of natural resources. By extension, the same kinds of forces that tend to impoverish human environments also tend to impoverish the physical environment; and conversely, that which tends to restore or promote equity generally tends to be good for the environment. For the past forty years, Costa Rican government policies have been among the fairest and most environmentally progressive in the Third World; yet Costa Rica is heavily in debt in both the economic and environmental sense. Are the “right” policies not right–or are they morally right but not workable? Annis examines this paradoxical question using the notion of “dual debt” and “wrong-way resource flows.”

Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Molina
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political System ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Central American ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Cultural Inclusion ◽  
System P ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social

From 1840 to the present, Costa Rica has sharedsimilar historical processes with its Central American neighbors, but differed from them by consolidating a stable democracy. The Costa Rican dominant groups never had the resources or sufficient means to subjugate the middle classes or the popular sectors, whose demands for policies that satisfied their interests shaped very early a culture and a state prone to social reform. In the long term, this modernizing trend played in favor of the social and cultural inclusion of the population, the reduction of inequalities, and the legitimacy of the political system.

scholarly journals The effects of small-scale physical and social environmental interventions on walking behaviour among Dutch older adults living in deprived neighbourhoods: results from the quasi-experimental NEW.ROADS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Prins ◽  
C. B. M. Kamphuis ◽  
F. J. Van Lenthe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recreational Walking ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract Purpose Improving the physical and social conditions of residential neighbourhoods may increase walking, especially among older people. Evidence on the effects of physical and social environmental interventions, and particularly the combination of both, on walking behaviour is scarce. We evaluated the effects of a small-scale physical environmental intervention (designated walking route), a social environmental intervention (neighbourhood walking group) and the combination of both on walking behaviour of older adults living in deprived neighbourhoods. Methods Survey data of 644 older adults residing in four deprived neighbourhoods of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were used to compare changes in walking behaviour over time (weekly minutes spent recreational walking, utilitarian walking and total walking) of those exposed to 1) a designated walking route (physical condition), 2) walking groups (social condition), 3) walking routes and walking groups (combined condition), and 4) no intervention (control condition). Measurements took place at baseline (T0), and 3 months (T1) and 9 months (T2) after the intervention. Data were analysed on a multiple imputed dataset, using multi-level negative binomial regression models, adjusting for clustering of observations within individuals. All models were adjusted for demographic covariates. Results Total time spent walking per week increased between T0 and T1 for all conditions. The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) for the physical condition was 1.46 (95% CI:1.06;2.05) and for the social intervention 1.52 (95%CI:1.07;2.16). At T2, these differences remained significant for the physical condition, but not for the social condition and the combined condition. These findings were mirrored for utilitarian walking. No evidence was found for an effect on recreational walking. Conclusion Implementing small scale, feasible, interventions in a residential neighbourhood may increase total and utilitarian walking behaviour among older adults.

Linkages in the New ICT Clusters of Latin America: Evidence from Costa Rica

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANO CIRAVEGNA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication

AbstractThis paper studies the obstacles that hinder the formation of linkages among local firms, multinational corporations and universities in the Costa Rican information and communication technologies cluster. It examines both the social and the economic reasons for forming or participating in linkages, ranging from the capabilities of potential partners to compliance with customs. The research is based on qualitative information collected over four years through more than 150 direct and detailed interviews with different stakeholders in the cluster. Costa Rica is often used as a positive benchmark of cluster policy in Latin America, but it is argued here that linkages among firms in the sector have developed much more slowly than anticipated.

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & Al-Taye
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Production ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields.  The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the    importation of red meat importation  in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document