scholarly journals Controlling the cannibalism of African catfish juvenile by 17β‒estradiol hormone administration and the stocking density determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Khoirotun Nisa Siregar ◽  
Muhammad Zairin Jr. ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Widanarni Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

An effort to increase the production of juvenile catfish is limited by the high mortality rate, especially caused by cannibalism. The hormonal treatment has been conducted as an effort to control cannibalism. This study used completely randomized factorial design, consisted of six treatments and three replications. There were two factors examined in this study, the first factor was different doses of 17β‒estradiol hormone (0, 30, and 60 mg estradiol‒17β/kg) incorporated in the feed, and the second factor was stocking density (150 and 300 fish/m2). Juvenile catfish with the size of 4.0 ± 0.1 cm were reared for 30 days in the 84 L aquarium. The results showed that hormone treatment could reduce cannibalism rate,  type-I and II cannibalism compared to control (P<0.05). The results showed that the lowest of mortality was obtained in the treatment B (17β‒estradiol administration of 30 mg/kg, at stocking density of 150 fish/m2; P<0.05). The lowest cortisol level was found in treatment F, and the highest estradiol level was found in treatment F (17β‒estradiol administration of 60 mg/kg, at stocking density of 300 fish/m2; P<0.05). The lowest of blood glucose level was found in treatment B (P<0.05). The highest specific weight growth was found in the stocking density of 150 fish/m2 (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that administration of 17β‒estradiol in feed could reduce the level of cannibalism in African catfish juvenile. Keywords:  cannibalism, Juvenile, catfish, estradiol‒17β, cortisol   ABSTRAK   Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi benih ikan lele dibatasi oleh tingginya angka kematian, terutama yang disebabkan oleh kanibalisme. Pendekatan hormonal telah dilakukan sebagai upaya pengendalian kanibalisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial, terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ada dua faktor yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, faktor pertama adalah dosis hormon 17β‒estradiol yang berbeda (0, 30, dan 60 mg/kg) yang diberikan melalui pakan, dan faktor kedua adalah padat tebar (150 dan 300 ekor/m2). Benih ikan lele berukuran 4.0 ± 0.1 cm dipelihara selama 30 hari di akuarium (84 L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hormon dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme tipe‒I dan II dibandingkan kontrol (P<0.05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan B (pemberian 17β‒estradiol 30 mg/kg, pada padat tebar 150 ekor/m2; P<0.05). Kadar kortisol terendah ditemukan pada perlakuan F, dan kadar estradiol tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan F (pemberian 17β‒estradiol 60 mg/kg, pada padat tebar 300 ekor/m2; P<0.05). Kadar glukosa darah terendah ditemukan pada perlakuan B (P<0.05). Pertumbuhan bobot spesifik tertinggi ditemukan pada padat tebar 150 ekor/m2 (P<0.05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon 17β‒estradiol dengan dosis 30 mg/kg pakan, dan padat tebar 150 ekor/m2 dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele di Afrika.   Kata kunci: kanibalisme, juvenil, lele, 17β‒estradiol, kortisol

scholarly journals The use of different 17β-estradiol hormone doses and water temperatures to control cannibalism in catfish Clarias gariepinus seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Hylda Khairah Putri ◽  
Muhammad Zairin Jr. ◽  
Odang Carman ◽  
Iis Diatin
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Cannibalism is a major problem in the intensive catfish hatchery that caused high mortality. This phenomenon is allegedly due to the high level of testosterone hormones in the early larvae and seed stages. Testosterone is a maternal steroid hormone that is transferred directly by the parent to the egg. Catfish broodstock has high testosterone levels during the gonad maturation phase and it enters the eggs during the process of vitellogenesis. A high level of testosterone is considered to cause catfish seeds to behave aggressively and subsequently encourage cannibalism. This testosterone level may be reduced by estrogen through a negative feedback mechanism. This experiment aimed to evaluate the use of several 17β-estradiol doses at different water temperatures to control cannibalism in catfish seeds. This experiment used two factors, i.e. 17β-estradiol doses (0, 20, and 50 mg/kg) coated in the diet and water temperatures (28 and 31°C). The results showed that 17β-estradiol levels in catfish seeds increased with increasing experimental length. The use of 17β-estradiol at low water temperature (28°C) was better in decreasing mortality, while the dose of 50 mg/kg17β-estradiol which applied at 28°C was the best combination in controlling cannibalism on catfish seeds.   Keywords: 17β-estradiol, cannibalism, Clarias gariepinus, seed.   ABSTRAK   Kanibalisme merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam pembenihan ikan lele intensif karena menyebabkan kematian yang tinggi. Fenomena ini diduga karena kadar hormon testosteron yang tinggi pada tahap larva dan benih. Testosteron merupakan hormon steroid maternal yang ditransfer secara langsung oleh induk ke telur. Induk ikan lele memiliki kadar testosteron yang tinggi pada fase pematangan gonad dan masuk ke dalam telur selama proses vitelogenesis. Tingginya kadar testosteron diduga menyebabkan benih berperilaku agresif dan akan mendorong kanibalisme. Kadar testosteron dapat ditekan dengan meningkatkan kadar hormon estrogen melalui mekanisme feedback negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan dosis estradiol-17β dan suhu pemeliharaan yang berbeda untuk mengendalikan kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua faktor yaitu dosis estradiol-17β yang berbeda (0, 20, dan 50 mg/kg) yang diberikan melalui pakan, dan suhu pemeliharaan yang berbeda (28 dan 31°C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi estradiol-17β pada benih ikan lele meningkat seiring dengan lamanya pemeliharaan. Penggunaan estradiol-17β pada suhu 28°C lebih baik dalam mengurangi mortalitas, sementara dosis estradiol-17β 50 mg/kg pada suhu pemeliharaan 28°C adalah kombinasi terbaik dalam mengendalikan kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele.   Kata kunci: benih, Clarias gariepinus, estradiol-17β, kanibalisme.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics of estrogens on changes in carotid artery intima-medial thickness and coronary arterial calcification: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Miller ◽  
Gregory D. Jenkins ◽  
Joanna M. Biernacka ◽  
John A. Heit ◽  
Gordon S. Huggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Conjugated Equine Estrogens ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Innate Immunity Pathway ◽  
Intima Medial Thickness

Prior to the initiation of menopausal hormone treatment (MHT), genetic variations in the innate immunity pathway were found to be associated with carotid artery intima-medial thickness (CIMT) and coronary arterial calcification (CAC) in women ( n = 606) enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). Whether MHT might affect these associations is unknown. The association of treatment outcomes with variation in the same 764 candidate genes was evaluated in the same KEEPS participants 4 yr after randomization to either oral conjugated equine estrogens (0.45 mg/day), transdermal 17β-estradiol (50 μg/day), each with progesterone (200 mg/day) for 12 days each month, or placebo pills and patch. Twenty SNPs within the innate immunity pathway most related with CIMT after 4 yr were not among those associated with CIMT prior to MHT. In 403 women who completed the study in their assigned treatment group, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the innate immunity pathway were found to alter the treatment effect on 4 yr change in CIMT (i.e., significant interaction between treatment and genetic variation in the innate immunity pathway; P < 0.001). No SNPs by treatment effects were observed with changes of CAC >5 Agatston units after 4 yr. Results of this study suggest that hormonal status may interact with genetic variants to influence cardiovascular phenotypes, specifically, the pharmacogenomic effects within the innate immunity pathway for CIMT.

Structure and regulation of the human interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and IRF-2 genes: implications for a gene network in the interferon system

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1500-1509
Author(s):  
H Harada ◽  
E Takahashi ◽  
S Itoh ◽  
K Harada ◽  
T A Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Network ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dna Binding Factors

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and IRF-2 are structurally similar DNA-binding factors which were originally identified as regulators of the type I interferon (IFN) system; the former functions as a transcriptional activator, and the latter represses IRF-1 function by competing for the same cis elements. More recent studies have revealed new roles of the two factors in the regulation of cell growth; IRF-1 and IRF-2 manifest antioncogenic and oncogenic activities, respectively. In this study, we determined the structures and chromosomal locations of the human IRF-1 and IRF-2 genes and further characterized the promoters of the respective genes. Comparison of exon-intron organization of the two genes revealed a common evolutionary structure, notably within the exons encoding the N-terminal portions of the two factors. We confirmed the chromosomal mapping of the human IRF-1 gene to 5q31.1 and newly assigned the IRF-2 gene to 4q35.1, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 5' regulatory regions of both genes contain highly GC-rich sequences and consensus binding sequences for several known transcription factors, including NF-kappa B. Interestingly, one IRF binding site was found within the IRF-2 promoter, and expression of the IRF-2 gene was affected by both transient and stable IRF-1 expression. In addition, one potential IFN-gamma-activated sequence was found within the IRF-1 promoter. Thus, these results may shed light on the complex gene network involved in regulation of the IFN system.

Time- and dose-dependent differential upregulation of three genes by 17β-estradiol in endothelial cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1064-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo C. Villablanca ◽  
Kristine A. Lewis ◽  
John C. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Differential Display Analysis ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Dose Dependent

The purpose of this study was to identify genetic targets in the vasculature for estrogen by profiling genes expressed in female human aortic endothelial cells exposed to various doses of 17β-estradiol at differing concentrations and for differing periods of time. Our approach employed a RT-PCR-based cloning strategy of DNA differential display analysis, with differential expression verified by semiquantitative PCR performed with gene-specific primers. A significant increase in mRNA expression in response to 17β-estradiol was observed for the following three genes: aldose reductase (3.4-fold), caspase homologue-α protein (4.2-fold), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 intron e (2.3-fold). For all three upregulated genes, estradiol-induced upregulation occurred with a similar time course and temporally clustered to the first 24 h after hormone treatment. In addition, the effect of estradiol dose on gene expression was consistent and occurred at physiological concentrations. Our results describe previously uncharacterized estradiol-sensitive time- and dose-dependent regulation of genes with potential importance to vascular function in human endothelial cells.

Induction of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant, hormone-primed ewes

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Dwyer ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Foster Mothers ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Neonatal Lambs

AbstractIt has been suggested that the induction of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant ewes by treatment with oestrogen and progesterone followed by artificial, mechanical vaginocervical stimulation (VCS), could be used to produce foster mothers for orphan or triplet lambs. To investigate the reliability of the technique, 46 non-pregnant sheep of two breeds (Suffolk (S) and Scottish Blackface (BF)) and two levels of experience (nulliparous (N) and multiparous (M)) were used. All ewes were given 6 weeks of treatment with vaginal sponges containing oestradiol and progesterone, followed by 2 min of VCS and exposure to a neonatal (< 2 days old) foster lamb. Plasma oestrogen and prolactin concentrations were significantly elevated by the hormonal treatment; prolactin was significantly higher in M ewes compared with N ewes (BFN = 91, SN = 107, BFM = 301, SM = 687 μg/l, P < 0·005). Significant udder development was seen in most ewes (proportionately 1·0 M v. 0·62 N, P = 0·01) and more M ewes produced milk than N ewes (0·67 v. 0·19, P < 0·005). No ewes showed maternal behaviour to the lamb from hormone treatment alone. After VCS, one of 26 N ewes and five of 12 M ewes expressed maternal behaviour. In the M ewes, significantly more S ewes were maternal than BF ewes (proportionately 0·75 SM v. 0·25 BFM, P < 0·05). It is concluded that the technique alone is not sufficiently reliable to be a useful fostering aid. It is suggested, however, that previous exposure to neonatal lambs, handling of ewes before testing and using newborn lambs, may be fruitful areas of investigation to improve the technique.

scholarly journals Production performance and business analysis of clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker 1852) in recirculating systems with different stocking densities and water discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Riska Puluhulawa ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Iis Diatin ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Recirculate Aquaculture System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Absolute Growth

Efforts to improve the production performance of clown loach in recirculate aquaculture system can be done by increasing stocking density and water discharge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of increasing stocking density and water discharge on production performance, stress response and water quality in order to obtain the best stocking density and water discharge to obtain maximum profit in a short time. A factorial completely randomized design with two factors, i.e. the stocking density of 1, 2, and 3 fish L-1 and the water discharge of 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 L s-1 was performed. The volume of water used in each aquarium was 48 L and using a ½ inch faucet stop to regulate the water discharge from the inlet pipe. Clown fish fed Tubifex sp. with a feeding frequency of two times a day according to the treatment for 60 days. The result indicates that there was no interaction between the two factors on production performance, payback period, and R/C ratio. Stocking density has a significant effect on specific growth rate, absolute growth rate of individual weight, feeding consumption rate and R/C ratio of clown loach. Stocking density and water discharge had an interaction on the visual color of pectoral and caudal fins of clown loach. Different stocking densities with the combination of water discharge in this study resulted that the water quality were within tolerable range for clown loach so that they did not experience stress, as well as high production and business performance. It is recommended to intensify clown loach with a stocking density of 3 fish L-1 and 0,15 L s-1‑ of water discharge.

scholarly journals Effects of reproductive tract development and hormonal treatment on estrous synchronization in heifers

2020 ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres ◽  
Jesús Ricardo Aké-López ◽  
Carlos Luna-Palomera ◽  
José Candelario Segura-Correa ◽  
Oswaldo Margarito Torres-Chablé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Tropical Conditions

Evaluation of the reproductive tract development (RTD) is a criterion rarely used when heifers are included in estrous synchronization programs. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of RTD (mature and immature) and hormonal treatment (EC and EB) on estrous expression rate and pregnancy rate in Bos indicus heifers under tropical conditions. RTD was evaluated with an ultrasound and classified as mature (n=99) or immature (n=101). Heifers received an intravaginal device (DIB®; day 0), 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 250 µg of cloprostenol (PGF2α). The DIB was removed on day 7 post insertion, and 250 µg of PGF2α was applied and heifers were divided into two groups: One group of heifers received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC group), and on day 8, a second group of heifers received 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB group). Estrus was detected by visual observation, and all heifers were inseminated at a fixed-time (FTAI). Fifteen days after insemination, bulls were introduced to the treatment groups. Data were analyzed using general modeling and binary logistic regression procedures. The percentage of estrus was similar for both mature and immature heifers (P>0.05), however, the heifers treated with EB had 17% animals in estrus, than the heifers that received EC (P <0.05). The pregnancy rate after FTAI (74.8%) and total pregnancy (FTAI + natural mating = 91.9%) was greater for the group of heifers with a mature reproductive tract (P<0.05). The hormone treatment had not effect (P>0.05) on the pregnancy rate. In conclusion, the heifers with mature reproductive tracts had the highest pregnancy rate after artificial insemination and total pregnancy. Hormonal treatment did not influence the pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals 17α-Estradiol Modulates IGF1 and Hepatic Gene Expression in a Sex-Specific Manner

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Sidhom ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Yimin Fang ◽  
Samuel McFadden ◽  
Justin Darcy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract Aging is the greatest risk factor for most chronic diseases. The somatotropic axis is one of the most conserved biological pathways that regulates aging across species. 17α-Estradiol (17α-E2), a diastereomer of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), was recently found to elicit health benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity and extend longevity exclusively in male mice. Given that 17β-E2 is known to modulate somatotropic signaling in females through actions in the pituitary and liver, we hypothesized that 17α-E2 may be modulating the somatotropic axis in males, thereby contributing to health benefits. Herein, we demonstrate that 17α-E2 increases hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) production in male mice without inducing any changes in pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion. Using growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice, we subsequently determined that the induction of hepatic IGF1 by 17α-E2 is dependent upon GH signaling in male mice, and that 17α-E2 elicits no effects on IGF1 production in female mice. We also determined that 17α-E2 failed to feminize the hepatic transcriptional profile in normal (N) male mice, as evidenced by a clear divergence between the sexes, regardless of treatment. Conversely, significant overlap in transcriptional profiles was observed between sexes in GHRKO mice, and this was unaffected by 17α-E2 treatment. Based on these findings, we propose that 17α-E2 acts as a pleiotropic pathway modulator in male mice by uncoupling IGF1 production from insulin sensitivity. In summary, 17α-E2 treatment upregulates IGF1 production in wild-type (and N) male mice in what appears to be a GH-dependent fashion, while no effects in female IGF1 production are observed following 17α-E2 treatment.

scholarly journals Estrogen and Progesterone Up-Regulate Glucose Transporter Expression in ZR-75-1 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 4527-4535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo A. Medina ◽  
Ana Maria Meneses ◽  
Juan Carlos Vera ◽  
Catherine Guzman ◽  
Francisco Nualart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Glut1 Expression ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Breast cancer incidence increases in women receiving combined estrogen and progesterone therapy. Breast tumors show increased expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. We determined the effect of these hormones on GLUT1–4 expression and deoxyglucose transport in ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR showed that GLUT1 expression is up-regulated by progesterone and, to a greater degree, combined therapy. GLUT2 expression is unaffected by hormonal treatment. GLUT3 protein and RNA is up-regulated by progesterone and combined therapy, and GLUT4 protein expression is up-regulated by all hormonal treatments. Deoxyglucose transport studies revealed the presence of three transport components with characteristics corresponding to GLUT1/4, GLUT2, and GLUT3. 17β-Estradiol produced a slight increase in transport at the Michaelis constant (Km) corresponding to GLUT3. Progesterone produced a small increase in transport at the Km corresponding to GLUT1/4, and combined 17β-estradiol and progesterone produced a small increase in transport at the Km corresponding to GLUT3 and a large increase in transport at the Km corresponding to GLUT1/4. This indicates that 17β-estradiol and progesterone differentially regulate GLUT1–4 expression and that these changes correlate to changes in glucose uptake. We postulate that combined hormone replacement therapy provides a survival advantage to developing ZR-75 breast cancer cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document