scholarly journals The Relative Impact Of Public Information In Shaping Investor Expectations

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Burnett ◽  
Carolyn Carroll ◽  
Paul Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
News Announcements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Underlying Risk

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-hyphenate: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-size: 10pt;">Empirical studies at the individual level (event studies) and those using more general measures of information and/or aggregate price movements often yield somewhat conflicting results regarding the relative importance of public information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Employing a more focused methodology that begins with no prior limitations on the number and types of public news announcements that may affect the underlying risk-return relationship, we are able to offer additional insight regarding the relative impact of public information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>We find that approximately two-thirds of the changes can be associated with the arrival of public information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>While, in general, this is a stronger link than previously found, it is a weaker link than expected; leading us to conclude that factors other than public information clearly play an important role.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>We also provide new results on the relative importance of different information types, and on correlates (such as firm size) of the effect of information.</span></p>

scholarly journals Linking Variation in Perception and Production in Sound Change: Evidence from Dutch Obstruent Devoicing

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-685
Author(s):  
Anne-France Pinget ◽  
René Kager ◽  
Hans Van de Velde
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
The Individual

This study investigates the link between the perception and production in sound change in progress, both at the regional and the individual level. Two devoicing processes showing regional variation in Dutch are studied: the devoicing of initial labiodental fricatives and of initial bilabial stops. Five regions were selected, to represent different stages of change in progress. For each region, 20 participants took part in production (Study 1) and perception (Study 2) experiments. First, the results of the production tasks give additional insight in the regional and individual patterns of sound change. Second, the regional perceptual patterns in fricatives match the differences in production: perception is the most categorical in regions where the devoicing process is starting, and the least categorical in regions where the process of devoicing is almost completed. Finally, a clear link is observed between the production and perception systems undergoing sound change at the individual level. Changes in the perceptual system seem to precede changes in production. However, at the sound change completion, perception lags behind: individuals still perceive a contrast they no longer produce.

Talent development: a systematic literature review of empirical studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rezaei ◽  
Michael Beyerlein
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify and examine findings from empirical research regarding organizations’ talent development (TD) strategies, taking into consideration the countries in which the studies were conducted and the TD-approach organizations adopted, and recognize the positive outcomes of TD implementation, as well as potential issues and challenges. Design/methodology/approach This systematic literature review used Garrard’s matrix method to organize the review of publications. It identified 31 empirical articles from the total of 551 publications. Findings The findings indicate that a majority of the studies were conducted in countries other than the USA and that they were all published recently, after 2007. The results show that organizations have mostly applied organizational development interventions at the individual level for developing talented employees, followed by formal training and development. Additionally, managerial issues were identified as the most common issue on the way of implementing TD interventions. Research limitations/implications Trying to define TD as a discrete concept from HRD could be considered as both differentiating the current literature review and a limitation. Originality/value This article is among the first to identify TD interventions through a systematic literature review and provides a model of TD’s intervention antecedents and outcomes for the follow-up empirical works.

The measurement of flow and social flow at work: a 30-year systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-570
Author(s):  
Pedro Jácome de Moura Jr ◽  
Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Social Flow ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Flow At Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review three decades of the literature on flow measurement and propose issues to advance research on the measurement of social flow at work. Design/methodology/approach In a systematic literature review, the authors analyzed 143 articles published in the first three decades (1983–2013) of scholarly publications on flow measurement, of which 84 articles used scales to measure flow and 16 articles used scales to measure flow at work. Findings The main findings are: flow is frequently measured in association with other constructs or by means of proxies; flow measurement is highly dependent on a study’s purposes and context; flow is mostly studied at the level of the individual and, when studied beyond the individual, the measurement of flow in groups is simplified as an aggregation of individual-level measures; and social flow at work is an underresearched construct that nevertheless impacts organizations in important ways, thus deserving a specific research agenda. Research limitations/implications The first limitation refers to the databases included in the review. There is always the possibility that important works were ignored. Another limitation is that the coding procedure was highly dependent on the authors’ discretion, as it did not include independent coding and formal assessment of agreement among coders. But the greatest limitation may refer to our very perspectives on flow, flow measurement and social flow at work, as they are highly attached to current models instead of seeing the issues with different lenses. This limitation is also present in the literature. Practical implications Reviewing three decades of scholarly publications on how flow has been measured contributes to organizations in their planning for person-job fit. The measurement of flow can reveal if and when flow correlates with personal characteristics and organizational events, thus serving to inform initiatives on personnel development, acculturation and job design. However, considering that flow as a social phenomenon has been conceived in superficial terms, that a vast number of empirical studies were developed with non-professional subjects, and that flow measurement involves significant adaptations to each situation, organizations are thus advised to be careful in adopting extant instruments. Originality/value This study provides a rich account on how flow measurement has been addressed in the scholarly literature, and it calls attention to research opportunities on social flow at work.

The Globalization of Popular Music, 1960-2010: A Multilevel Analysis of Music Flows

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verboord ◽  
Amanda Brandellero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Music Production ◽  
Star Power ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual

This study offers a cross-national multilayered analysis of music flows between 1960 and 2010. Advancing on previous empirical studies of cultural globalization, it attends to the global and country level, while adding the individual level of music flows. Concretely, the authors analyze the international composition of pop charts in nine countries by (a) mapping trends, (b) comparing countries, and (c) conducting multivariate analyses. The results show that pop charts increasingly contain foreign music, with the exception of the United States. Explanatory analyses of foreign success confirm that limited cultural distance results in greater flow as found in film and television studies, while revealing additional positive impacts of centrality of production (e.g., artists from more “central” countries in music production are more likely to chart abroad) and the “star power” of artists. Both the innovative methodological approach and findings of this article offer promising research avenues for globalization, media industry, and celebrity studies.

Examining organizations’ continued use of open source technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saggi Nevo ◽  
InduShobha Chengalur-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Value Of It ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Our knowledge of why organizations continue to use open source software (OSS) infrastructure technologies is relatively limited, and existing models appear inadequate to explain this continuance phenomenon given that they are set at the individual level and also do not take into account the unique characteristics of OSS. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Using an institutional perspective, this paper posits that coercive (business value of IT) and normative (open source ideology (IDEO)) factors may be credited with sustaining the continued use of OSS technologies. The study argues that organizations that subscribe to IDEO are more likely to continue using OSS technologies. Survey data are collected from organizations that have implemented an OSS infrastructure technology and a moderated multiple regression analysis is performed to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings In addition to the business value provided by OSS technologies, adherence to IDEO also impacts decisions to continue using those technologies. The results suggest that once an OSS is implemented in an organization, IDEO can enhance organizations’ intentions to continue using such technologies, directly, as well as indirectly, by amplifying the impact of the perceived business value of the technology. Originality/value Much of extant literature on continued use focuses on end-user technologies. This paper is one of the first to focus on infrastructure technologies and examine organizations’ intentions to continue using those technologies by developing a parsimonious theory-driven model for examining organizations’ continued use intentions toward infrastructure IT. Additionally, much of open source research to date has been inwardly focused, and this paper is one of few empirical studies to focus on the demand or consumption side of OSS technologies.

Macrosystem and Women’s Fear of Crime in Intimate Relations: An Integrated Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 172-197
Author(s):  
Camila Iglesias ◽  
Carla Cardoso ◽  
Pedro Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFear of crime has been the focus of fruitful criminological investigation for the last 50 years. Simultaneously, the literature related to intimate partner violence has also been developing. Empirical studies have neglected the association between fear of crime and violence committed in private spaces, so this research seeks to provide an integrated approach to these concepts. Using the data from the first Brazilian National Victimization Survey, this research aims to explore how fear of violence in intimate relationships is associated with both individual and macro-contextual variables, in an ecological framework as proposed by Heise. Statistical analyses were conducted by aggregating data, and the analytical model integrated both individual- and macro-level variables and took the fear of intimate partner violence as the outcome variable. The results demonstrate a strong association between the fear of intimate partner violence and the individual-level predictors tested, especially previous victimization as well as social inequality (Gini coefficient). This way, results indicate that fear of crime manifests its predictors far beyond what the dyad “victim–aggressor” may suggest.

Structural Reliability and Stability of Nonmetric Conjoint Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Structural Perturbation ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Individual

Structural reliability and stability of nonmetric conjoint analysis are examined under conditions of severe structural perturbation and substantial variation in the number of stimulus profiles. The individual-level part worth functions are jackknifed. The jackknifed parameters, derived relative importance weights, and standard errors of estimated parameters are examined across the different treatment conditions. The results indicate that conjoint analysis is a fairly robust procedure for assessing an individual's preferences.

scholarly journals Measuring cultural values at the individual-level: considering morality in cross-cultural value research

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin-Melanie Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Importance Ratings ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Individual

Shared values are typically seen as one of the core aspects of culture. The usual procedure for deriving shared cultural values is through analyzing individuals' value priorities at the cultural-level. This paper outlines the conceptual and methodological problems associated with this procedure. Findings from selected empirical studies are presented to corroborate this critique. Alternative ways of measuring cultural values at the individual-level are presented and classified into a value taxonomy. Within this taxonomy past studies have so far focused on measuring values through importance ratings reflecting what individuals or social groups "desire". However, the argument is made that if cultural values are supposed to be shared they should reflect what is "desirable", i.e. what one "ought" to value or to strive for as a goal in life in a certain society. This constitutes a new approach for the measurement of cultural values. It is proposed that cultural values are measurable at the individual-level using the concept of morality. Suggestions are made how moral values could be operationalized referring to either the individual's moral values or those of a social group. The benefits of the value taxonomy for future research are eventually described.

scholarly journals Is the true ‘wisdom of the crowd’ to copy successful individuals?

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. King ◽  
Lawrence Cheng ◽  
Sandra D. Starke ◽  
Julia P. Myatt
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
True Value ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The Individual

Diversity of expertise at an individual level can increase intelligence at a collective level—a type of swarm intelligence (SI) popularly known as the ‘wisdom of the crowd’. However, this requires independent estimates (rare in the real world owing to the availability of public information) and contradicts people's bias for copying successful individuals. To explain these inconsistencies, 429 people took part in a ‘guess the number of sweets’ exercise. Guesses made with no public information were diverse, resulting in highly accurate SI. Individuals with access to the previous guess, mean guess or a randomly chosen guess, tended to over-estimate the number of sweets and this undermined SI. However, when people were provided with the current best guess, this prevented very large (inaccurate) guesses, resulting in convergence of guesses towards the true value and accurate SI across a range of group sizes. Thus, contrary to previous work, we show that social influence need not undermine SI, especially where individual decisions are made sequentially and then aggregated. Furthermore, we offer an explanation for why people have a bias to recruit and follow experts in team settings: copying successful individuals can enable accuracy at both the individual and group level, even at small group sizes.

Active learning in Japan: Breaking barriers at individual, institutional, and policy levels

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032199993
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Shinichi Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Individual

Active learning has emerged as a means of developing generic employability skills that enable students to prepare for an uncertain future. In this context, many universities have encouraged their instructors to practice active learning. While some scholars indicate challenges with adopting this approach, few empirical studies have examined perceptions of instructors related to its application. This current study addresses this research gap—how instructors perceive the issues regarding the application of active learning—by surveying 157 instructors from across numerous institutions in Japan. Identifying issues at the individual level is important because it can provide guidance for institutional managers and policymakers on the strategies necessary for effective implementation of active learning. While the findings of this study largely confirm those of the extant literature, they also revealed which issues are more pertinent than others. Japanese instructors did not adopt active learning because they were indifferent and reluctant toward active learning and prioritized students’ knowledge acquisition over application. We conclude with a discussion of the findings and suggestions to address the perceived issues in implementing active learning at all levels, using the theory of planned behavior.

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