scholarly journals Effets de Dix (10) Variétés de Sésame (Sesamum indicum (L.)) en Association avec Le Niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) dans la Lutte Contre Striga Gesnerioïdes (Willd.) Vatke. au Niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Amadou Mounkaila Hamissou ◽  
Amoukou Adamou Ibrahim ◽  
Zangui Hamissou ◽  
Boureima Seyni ◽  
Naino Jika Abdel Kader
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Split Plot

Striga gesnerioïdes est une plante parasite qui cause des dégâts importants sur le niébé et les méthodes de lutte testées restent insatisfaisantes. L’étude vise à mettre au point, une référence de technique d’association sésame-niébé pour contribuer à lutter efficacement contre Striga gesnerioïdes. À cet effet, un dispositif en Split-Plot est utilisé sur un terrain naturellement infesté par Striga gesnerioïdes. Trois comptages à des périodes différentes (42, 56 et 70 jours après semis) du nombre de plants de Striga gesnerioïdes émergés par poquet de niébé ont été réalisés. Ainsi, en association dans le même poquet (sésame + niébé), les variétés de sésame EF 146, HC 110, ICN 130, HB 168, Vgr 156 et EF 147 sont efficaces pour atténuer l’émergence de striga. En alternance de poquets (niébé et sésame), les variétés de sésame EF 146, HC 110, ICN 137, EF 147 et 38-1-7 sont efficaces contre striga. Et les variétés de sésame EF 146, Vgr 156, HC 108 et 38-1-7 ont montré leurs efficacités en alternance de lignes avec le niébé. EF 146 est la seule variété de sésame efficace dans toutes les trois mesures de protections. Ces résultats pourraient être vulgarisés au niveau des producteurs de niébé pour booster sa production au niveau national, voir mondial. Striga gesnerioïdes is a parasitic plant that causes significant damage to cowpea and the control methods tested remain unsatisfactory. The study aims to develop a technical reference of sesame-cowpea association to contribute to the effective control of Striga gesnerioïdes. For this purpose, a Split-Plot device is used on land naturally infested by Striga gesnerioïdes. Three counts at different periods (42, 56 and 70 days) of the number of emerged Striga gesnerioïdes plants per cowpea were made. Thus, in combination in the same plot (sesame + cowpea), the sesame varieties EF 146,HC 110, ICN 130, HB 168, Vgr 156 and EF 147 are effective in mitigating Striga emergence. In alternating rows (cowpea and sesame), the sesame varieties EF 146, HC 110, ICN 137, EF 147 and 38-1-7 were effective against striga. And the sesame varieties EF 146, Vgr 156, HC 108 and 38-1-7 showed their efficacy in alternating rows with cowpea. EF 146 is the only sesame variety that is effective in all three protective measures. These results could be disseminated to cowpea producers to boost its production at the national and even global level.

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Management Tactics Employed for the Control of Various Cockroach Species (Order: Blattodea) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Ameya D. Gondhalekar ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Gretchen M. Thomas ◽  
Alvaro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Effective control of domestic and peridomestic cockroaches requires integrated approaches that emphasize concurrent use of chemicals with alternative control tactics. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is particularly justified in environments where satisfactory cockroach control cannot be achieved due to multiple factors including development of insecticide aversion and resistance in some cockroach species, and poor sanitation or structural issues that foster infestations. While a flurry of research effort has been devoted to study alternative tactics for cockroach control, only a few of them have been evaluated in the context of IPM programs. This review focuses on examining studies on alternative tactics that are proven efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for their inclusion in IPM programs for important domestic and peridomestic cockroaches in the USA. Management programs that educate the public on cockroach biology, behavior, and the importance of sanitation; use of traps to monitor infestation levels; apply targeted low impact insecticides such as baits, have demonstrated a greater success for effective and sustainable control of cockroaches when compared to an insecticide-only approach. Incorporation of other alternative control methods to IPM programs will require more applied research that validates their use in real-world scenarios and demonstrates their cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal dose and date of application of mineral manure on sesame (sesamum indicum L.) in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992-3000
Author(s):  
Amos Miningou ◽  
Vanessa Golane ◽  
Appolinaire Sy Traore ◽  
Hyacinthe Kambire
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Split Plot

The decrease in soil fertility is the main cause of low crops yields in Burkina Faso. It is therefore necessary to make a supply of fertilizers to increase yields. This is the reason why during the 2015 rainy season from July to October, a study was conducted on sesame fertilization in Souri located in the Province du Mouhoun. The goal of our study is to fertilize plants with increasing doses of mineral fertilizers at different application dates on sesame. The objective is to determine the optimum dose and date of fertilizer application to increase the yields. For this purpose four NPK (14-23-14) fertilizer treatments have been experimented with following doses NPK0 (0kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1) NPK100 (100kg.ha-1) NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) with three application dates (sowing, 15 DAS, 30 DAS) in Fisher’s completely randomized blocks with four replications in split-plot. The results showed that NPK doses had an effect on sesame throughout morphological development (height, number of ramifications, number of capsules) and yield performance. Yields have increased according to the doses applied in the following order: NPK0 (226 kg.ha-1) < NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593 kg.ha-1). Through economic calculations, the NPK100 dose with 550 kg.ha-1 yield can be chosen as the most cost-effective dose for producers. The application dates of NPK had various effects on sesame that emerged on the height and grain yield. The plants had the best performance on the date of application of the 15 DAS (475 kg.ha-1) followed by the application at planting time (450 kg.ha-1) and at the end the application on 30 DAS (375 kg.ha-1). Interaction between the doses and the dates of application of fertilizer is significant and should be considered in sesame. La baisse de la fertilité des sols est une cause des faibles rendements au Burkina Faso. Ainsi, il faudra faire de bons apports d’engrais pour augmenter les rendements. Dans ce cadre, une étude a été conduite de juillet à octobre 2015 à Souri dans la Province du Mouhoun. Il s’est agi d’apporter des doses croissantes de fumure minérale à différentes dates d’application sur le sésame. L’objectif est de déterminer la dose et la date d’application optimales de la fumure minérale. A cet effet quatre traitements de doses d’engrais NPK (14-23-14) : NPK0 (0 kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1), NPK100 (100kg.ha-1), NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) ont été appliqués selon trois dates d’application (au semis, le 15ème JAS, le 30ème JAS) dans un dispositif expérimental en blocs de Fisher à 4 répétitions avec un arrangement en split-plot. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les doses NPK ont un effet positif sur le sésame à travers son développement morphologique (sa hauteur, ses ramifications, ses capsules) et son rendement. Les rendements obtenus ont permis de classer les doses selon cet ordre croissant : NPK0 (266 kg.ha-1) <NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593kg.ha-1). L’évaluation économique effectuée sur la base du ratio valeur sur coût (RVC) a permis de retenir la dose NPK100 comme étant la plus rentable pour les producteurs. Les dates d’applications NPK sur le sésame ont également des effets visibles sur la hauteur et le rendement en grain. Le meilleur rendement est obtenu avec l’application du NPK 15 JAS (475 kg.ha-1) suivi de l’application au semis (450 kg.ha-1) et enfin de celle effectuée au 30ème JAS (375 kg.ha-1). L’interaction doses et dates d’application d’engrais NPK doit être considérée chez le sésame.

scholarly journals Atividade inseticida de óleos essenciais e fixos sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR., 1775) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) em grãos de caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.]

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes Pereira ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Manoel Guedes Corrêa Gondim Junior ◽  
Cláudio Augusto Gomes da Câmara
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Piper Aduncum

O caruncho, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), é considerado a praga mais importante do caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., armazenado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Visando minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas químicos sintéticos, o controle dessa praga com óleos de origem vegetal vem se constituindo numa alternativa promissora, de baixo custo e segura para os aplicadores e consumidores. Foram testados os óleos essenciais [(Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) J.F. Watson], Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shauer) e fixos (Helianthus annuus L, Sesamum indicum L, Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max (L.) Merr. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), em grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde. Os óleos foram utilizados nas concentrações 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50mL/20g, correspondendo a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 L/t e impregnados aos grãos no interior de recipientes de plástico, com auxílio de pipetador automático e agitados manualmente durante dois minutos. Parcelas de 20g de caupi foram infestadas com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus, com 0 a 48 h de idade. Cada óleo foi testado, separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. Os óleos essenciais de C. martini, P. aduncum e L. gracillis causaram 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações, P. hispidinervum a partir de 1,5 L/t e Melaleuca sp. nas concentrações de 2,0 e 2,5 L/t. A redução do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos foi de 100% para todos os óleos essenciais, exceto Melaleuca sp. Por outro lado, os óleos fixos, apesar de apresentarem baixa mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, reduziram em praticamente 100% o número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos.

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Horne ◽  
Jessica Page
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Cultural Changes

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures describes in straightforward language what is required for farmers to successfully implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cropping and grazing operations. It explains the differences between conventional pesticide-based controls and IPM, and demonstrates the advantages of IPM. Effective control of pests depends on a number of approaches, not just chemical or genetic engineering. The opening chapters cover the different approaches to pest management, and the importance of identification and monitoring of pests and beneficials. Most farmers and advisors can identify major pests but would struggle to recognise a range of beneficial species. Without this information it is impossible to make appropriate decisions on which control methods to use, especially where pests are resistant to insecticides. The book goes on to deal with the control methods: biological, cultural and chemical. The biological control agents discussed include both native and introduced species that attack pests. Cultural changes that have led to an increase in the incidence or severity of pest attack are also examined. The chapter on chemical control describes the different ways chemicals can affect beneficial species, also detailing acute, sub-lethal and transient toxicities of pesticides, drawing on examples from horticulture where necessary. Finally, the authors bring all the components of integrated pest management together and show farmers how to put their IPM plan into action.

Modeling of Autonomous Hydrofoil Craft Tracking a Moving Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin I. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Modeling Effort ◽  
Pure Pursuit ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Marine Vehicle

The interest in autonomous marine vessels has been continuously growing in the recent years. Most platforms of the autonomous surface watercraft involve traditional mono- or multi-hulls. Advanced marine vehicle concepts, such as hydrofoils, can provide high-speed and high seakeeping capabilities. In this study, a modeling effort is initiated for a small autonomous hydrofoil boat intended for intercepting operations. A 3-DOF model, including surge, sway and yaw, is applied for simulating maneuvering motions of the boat in the foilborne state. Forces generated by the propulsor, rudder and struts are accounted for in the simulations of the horizontal-plane boat dynamics. Two scenarios of a hydrofoil boat pursuing a moving target are investigated. In the pure pursuit, the interceptor always attempts to aim at the target and uses full thrust to quickly reach the target at a high speed. In the constant-bearing scenario, the interceptor approaches the target with diminishing speed trying to achieve a rendezvous. The presented models and results can help engineers to design more effective control methods for fast boats intended for intercepting operations.

Genetic diversity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivars in Burkina Faso resistant to Striga gesnerioides

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (48) ◽  
pp. 8146-8153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawadogo Mahamadou ◽  
T Ouedraogo Jeremy ◽  
S Gowda Bhavani ◽  
P Timko Michael
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides

Simultaneous Learning of Robot Impedance Parameters Using Neural Networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Mutsuhiro Terauchi ◽  
◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Seishiro Sakaguchi ◽  
Nan Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Impedance Control ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Impedance Parameters ◽  
Virtual Impedance

Impedance control is one of the most effective control methods for interaction between a robotic manipulator and its environment. Robot impedance control regulates the response of the manipulator to contact and virtual impedance control regulates the manipulator's response before contact. Although these impedance parameters may be regulated using neural networks, conventional methods do not consider regulating robot impedance and virtual impedance simultaneously. This paper proposes a simultaneous learning method to regulate the impedance parameters using neural networks. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated in computer simulations of tasks by a multi-joint robotic manipulator.

Identification of AFLP markers linked to resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to parasitism by Striga gesnerioides

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Ouédraogo ◽  
V. Maheshwari ◽  
D. K. Berner ◽  
C.-A. St-Pierre ◽  
F. Belzile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides

Spread, Growth Parameters, and Reproductive Potential for Brown Flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Bryson ◽  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Ecological Range

AbstractBrown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus) is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Mediterranean region of Northern Africa. It was apparently introduced into North America in the late 1800s and has steadily moved southward and westward. Brown flatsedge is reported new to Arkansas and Mississippi herewith. Field observations from early spring until frost were made between 2003 and 2007 from populations present at three sites: Chicot County, Arkansas, and Pearl River and Washington counties, Mississippi. Under natural field conditions, brown flatsedge plants germinated from late March and early April until frost. Inflorescences were observed in mid-May and seed production continued until frost. In field populations, the average numbers of scales per spikelet, inflorescences per plant, and spikelets per inflorescence were 15, 28, and 33, respectively. Greenhouse experiments were established in 2008 at Stoneville, MS, to determine growth parameters and the reproductive potential of brown flatsedge. In greenhouse experiments, by 10 wk after emergence (WAE), brown flatsedge plants were 30.2 cm tall and 63.9 cm in diameter, and dry weights were 1.4, 1.0, 2.0, 0.5, and 1.9 g for roots, culms, leaves, bracts, and inflorescences, respectively. Brown flatsedge culms and inflorescences appeared 5 WAE, and by 9 WAE all plants were producing seed. Brown flatsedge could pose a threat to natural plant communities and rice agriculture in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. Additional research is needed to determine seed longevity and ecological range potential, and to develop inexpensive and effective control methods.

New chaotic behavior and its effective control in Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Yan-Ni Li ◽  
Hao Song ◽  
Zun-Sheng Cai ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Zhe Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Chaos Control ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction

A new "spiral-in-to-spiral-out" mixed-mode type chaos of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is observed. We discussed its evolution and characterization in detail. We controlled the new chaos into steady periodic behavior by two control methods: (i) a self-adaptive delayed feedback controlling scheme; and (ii) a linear self-interacting feedback controlling scheme.Key words: BZ-CSTR reaction, chaos, control.

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