scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana arginine-deficient mutants

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis

Growth temperature affects inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 642-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Antoun ◽  
François Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Floral Meristems

Plants adjust their growth and development to ensure survival under adverse environmental conditions. Nonoptimal growth temperatures can have a major impact on biomass and crop yield. A detailed phenotypic analysis (number and length of rosette and cauline branches, flowers, and buds) in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that growth temperatures below (12 and 17 °C) and above (27 and 32 °C) the control 22 °C affect branching and flowering. The elongation of internodes on the main stem and of primary branches at cauline leaves is reduced at lower temperatures and increased at higher temperatures. Similar results are observed in plants treated before or after bolting. Our data therefore indicate that plants that have transitioned to the reproductive stage before treatment are slightly less affected by temperature variations than plants that are in their vegetative stage. Our results also suggest that plants need to reach a maximum height (internodes length) before they begin forming floral meristems and that this “maximum height” is dependent on the growth temperature. Plants grown at 17 °C show a slightly reduced branching, while those at 27 °C show increased branching. This suggests that apical dominance is a temperature-dependent phenomenon. This is, to our knowledge, the first extensive analysis of the effect of temperature on Arabidopsis inflorescence development.

scholarly journals The TARANI/ UBIQUITIN SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 destabilizes the AUX/IAA transcriptional repressors and regulates auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinita Majumdar ◽  
Premananda Karidas ◽  
Imran Siddiqi ◽  
Utpal Nath
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Specific Protease ◽  
Turn Over

ABSTRACTAuxin response is regulated by a group of AUX/IAA transcriptional inhibitors that suppress auxin signaling in the absence of the hormone. While the degradation of these proteins upon auxin signaling has been well studied, the molecular control of their rapid turn-over is not clearly understood. Here, we report that the TARANI/ UBIQUITIN PROTEASE 14 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is required for AUX/IAA degradation. The tni mutation was originally identified in a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants with altered leaf shape. Detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that tni displays pleiotropic phenotypic alterations that resemble auxin-related defects. The activity of auxin responsive reporters DR5::GUS, DR5::nYFP and IAA2::GUS was reduced in tni organs, implying that TNI is required for normal auxin response. Genetic interaction studies suggested that TNI acts along with TIR1, ARF7, AUX1 and PIN1 – molecules involved in auxin signaling or transport. A map-based cloning approach combined with next-generation sequencing identified TNI as UBIQUITIN SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 which is involved in ubiquitin recycling. In tni, the mutant primary transcript is spliced inefficiently, which is predicted to produce an aberrant protein product in addition to the normal protein, where a polypeptide corresponding to the 3rd intron in inserted in-frame within the Zn-finger domain of UBP14. The tni plants accumulated poly-ubiquitin chains and excess poly-ubiquitinated proteins due to reduced TNI activity. Improper ubiquitin recycling affected the degradation of DII:VENUS, IAA18:GUS and HS::AXR3-NT:GUS, resulting in their stabilization in the tni mutant. Thus, our study identified a function for TNI/UBP14 in regulating auxin response through ubiquitin recycling.

scholarly journals MicroRNA775 targets a β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase to regulate growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parneeta Mishra ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Verma ◽  
Rajneesh Singh ◽  
Sribash Roy
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
List Type ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Diverse Plant

AbstractMicroRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression in plants and other organisms, and are involved in regulating plethora of developmental processes. Evolutionarily, miRNAs can be ancient and conserved across species or recently evolved and young, which are not conserved across diverse plant groups. miR775 is a non-conserved miRNA identified only in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated the functional significance of miR775 in A. thaliana and observed that miR775 targets a probable β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase gene at post transcriptional level. Phenotypic analysis of miR775 over-expression lines and the target mutant suggested miR775 regulates rosette size by elongating petiole length and increasing leaf area. Further, the expression of miR775 was found to be up-regulated in response to UV-B and hypoxia. Our results also suggest that miR775 regulated β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase may involve in regulating the β-(1,3)-galactan content of arabinogalactans. Collectively, our findings establish a role of miR775 in regulating growth and development in A. thaliana.HighlightsThe role of an uncharacterized microRNA, miR775 has been exploredmiR775 targets a probable β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase involved in complex carbohydrate biosynthesismiR775 regulates rosette size in A. thaliana and may play role under UV light and hypoxia

scholarly journals Production location of the gelling agent Phytagel has a significant impact on Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0228515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin N. Jacques ◽  
Anna K. Hulbert ◽  
Shelby Westenskow ◽  
Michael M. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Production Location

scholarly journals Isolation of Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Gametophytic Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana by a Segregation Distortion Assay Using the Multimarker Chromosome 1

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 849-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E Grini ◽  
Arp Schnittger ◽  
Heinz Schwarz ◽  
Inge Zimmermann ◽  
Birgit Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
And Function

Abstract The life cycle of plants comprises two alternating generations, the diploid sporophyte (spore-bearing plant) and the haploid gametophyte (gamete-bearing plant). In contrast to animals, the postmeiotic cells give rise to haploid organisms whose function is to produce the gametes and to mediate fertilization. Analysis of gametophyte development and function has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying haplo-phase-specific mutants in conventional mutagenesis screens. Here we use a genetic strategy that is based on segregation distortion of nearby visible markers to screen for EMS-induced gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the multiple marker chromosome mm1 we have isolated seven lines that displayed an altered segregation of markers. Reciprocal backcrosses of these lines showed a marked reduction of the transmission of the male and/or female gametes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different aspects of either gametophytic development or function were affected. Three male gametophytic lines showed specific arrests during pollen development. One male gametophytic line was specifically defective in pollen tube elongation. Three gametophytic lines showed variable defects in both male and female gametophytic development.

scholarly journals A simple high efficiency and low cost in vitro growth system for phenotypic characterization and seed propagation of Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Pasternak ◽  
Benedetto Ruperti ◽  
Klaus Palme
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

ABSTRACTBackgroundArabidopsis research relies extensively on the use of in vitro growth for phenotypic analysis of the seedlings and characterization of plant responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. For this purpose, stress-free optimal growth conditions should be set up and used as a reference especially in studies aimed at characterizing the plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Currently used standard in vitro protocols for growth and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana plants often suffer from sub-optimal composition due to an excessively high nutritional content which represents a stress per se and an experimental bias.ResultsWe describe a simple protocol for in vitro growth of Arabidopsis plants in which the phenotypic analysis is based on an optimized and nutritionally balanced culture medium. We show that the protocol is robustly applicable for growth of several Arabidopsis mutants, including mutants lacking the root system. This protocol enables rapid high scale seed production in vitro avoiding soil usage while saving space and time. The optimized in vitro protocol aims at: 1) making in vitro growth as close as possible to natural soil conditions by optimizing nutrient balance in the medium; 2) simplifying phenotypic and molecular investigation of individual plants by standardizing all steps of plant growth; 3) enabling seeds formation also in genotypes with severe defect in the root system; 4) minimizing the amount of waste and space for plant growth by avoiding soil usage.ConclusionsHere we report an optimized protocol for optimal growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to avoid biases in phenotypic observation of abiotic/biotic stress experiments. The protocol also enables the completion of the whole life cycle in vitro within 40-45 days and a satisfactory seed set for further propagation with no need for facilities for plant growth in soil and seed sterilisation.

scholarly journals Double Mutant Analysis with the Large Flower Mutant, ohbana1, to Explore the Regulatory Network Controlling the Flower and Seed Sizes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Vuong Quoc Nhat ◽  
Yusuke Kazama ◽  
Kotaro Ishii ◽  
Sumie Ohbu ◽  
Hisato Kunitake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Size Regulation ◽  
Large Flower

Two growth processes, cell proliferation and expansion, determine plant species-specific organ sizes. A large flower mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana, ohbana1 (ohb1), was isolated from a mutant library. In the ohb1 flowers, post-mitotic cell expansion and endoreduplication of nuclear DNA were promoted. The whole-genome resequencing and genetic analysis results showed that the loss of function in MEDIATOR16 (MED16), a mediator complex subunit, was responsible for the large flower phenotypes exhibited by ohb1. A phenotypic analysis of the mutant alleles in MED16 and the double mutants created by crossing ohb1 with representative large flower mutants revealed that MED16 and MED25 share part of the negative petal size regulatory pathways. Furthermore, the double mutant analyses suggested that there were genetically independent pathways leading to cell size restrictions in the floral organs which were not related to the MED complex. Several double mutants also formed larger and heavier seeds than the wild type and single mutant plants, which indicated that MED16 was involved in seed size regulation. This study has revealed part of the size-regulatory network in flowers and seeds through analysis of the ohb1 mutant, and that the size-regulation pathways are partially different between floral organs and seeds.

scholarly journals Production location of the gelling agent Phytagel has a significant impact on Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin N. Jacques ◽  
Anna K. Hulbert ◽  
Shelby Westenskow ◽  
Michael M. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Production Location ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Gelling Agent ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundRecently, it was found that 1% Phytagel plates used to conduct Arabidopsis thaliana seedling phenotypic analysis no longer reproduced previously published results. This Phytagel, which is produced in China (Phytagel C), has replace American-made Phytagel (Phytagel), which is no longer commercially available. In this study, we present the impact of Phytagel produced in the United States vs. China on seedling phenotypic analysis. As a part of this study, an alternative gelling agent has been identified that is capable of reproducing previously published seedling morphometrics.ResultsPhytagel and Phytagel C were investigated based on their ability to reproduce the subtle phenotype of the sob3-4 esc-8 double mutant. Fluence-rate-response analysis of seedlings grown on 1% Phytagel C plates failed to replicate the sob3-4 esc-8 subtle phenotype seen on 1% Phytagel. Furthermore, root penetrance analysis showed a significant difference between sob3-4 esc-8 seedlings grown on 1% Phytagel and 1% Phytagel C. It was also found that 1% Phytagel C was significantly harder than 1% Phytagel. As a replacement for Phytagel C, Gellan was tested. 1% Gellan was able to reproduce the subtle phenotype of sob3-4 esc-8. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in root penetration of the wild type or sob3-4 esc-8 seedlings between 1% Phytagel and 1% Gellan. This may be due to the significant reduction in hardness in 1% Gellan plates compared to 1% Phytagel plates. Finally, we tested additional concentrations of Gellan and found that seedlings on 0.6% Gellan looked more uniform while also being able to reproduce previously published results.ConclusionsPhytagel has been the standard gelling agent for several studies involving the characterization of subtle seedling phenotypes. After production was moved to China, Phytagel C was no longer capable of reproducing these previously published results. An alternative gelling agent, Gellan, was able to reproduce previously published seedling phenotypes at both 1% and 0.6% concentrations. The information provided in this manuscript is beneficial to the scientific community as whole, specifically phenomics labs, as it details key problematic differences between gelling agents that should be performing identically (Phytagel and Phytagel C).

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