scholarly journals Migration Crisis: Concept and Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Massive Outflow

The article examines the concept of “migration crisis” in the context of other types of crises (economic, demographic, financial and others). The author gives a definition of the migration crisis in a narrow and broad context. The scientific literature was dominated by the approach to understanding the migration crisis through the prism of the migration situation in 2015-2016 in Europe, which was due to the massive influx of refugees and economic migrants from the Middle East, South Asia and Africa to the countries of the European Union. It is proposed that the migration crisis should also be considered for countries with a massive outflow of migrants. The study identifies the criteria for migration crises, including migration inflow (outflow) of the population in a relatively short period; ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of migration policy; activation of informal actors of the migration market, which fill the gaps of ineffective actions of supranational and state structures; the impossibility of using traditional schemes for analyzing and understanding migration flows in a situation of a migration crisis; devaluation of human life. The author notes that the main reasons provoking migration crises are such extraordinary events of a geopolitical and environmental nature as civil war, external invasion, armed conflicts, ethnic cleansing, environmental disasters, accidents, and economic crises can be the reasons for the massive outflow of the population from the country, catastrophic growth in unemployment, political pressure, persecution on ethnic, religious and sexual grounds. The article outlines the socio-economic and demographic consequences of migration crises for countries of destination and destination of migrants in the short and medium term.

scholarly journals Understanding EU Solidarity and Migration in Crisis: Narratives of Health as Tools of Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-692
Author(s):  
Rachael DICKSON
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Crisis Narratives ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Migration

The so-called European migration crisis has sparked significant attention from scholars and raises questions about the role of solidarity between states and the European Union (EU) in providing policy solutions. Tension exists between upholding the rights of those seeking entry and pooling resources between Member States to provide a fair and efficient migration system. This article deconstructs the shifts that have occurred in EU migration policy since 2015 to highlight how narratives of health have become tools of governance. It does so to illuminate how health narratives operate to minimise the impact that conflicts on the nature and substance of EU solidarity have on policy development in response to the perceived crisis. A governmentality lens is used to analyse the implications of increasingly prescribed policy applications based on screening and categorising, and how measures operate to responsibilise migrants and third-countries to act according to EU values. It is argued this approach to governance results in migrants facing legal uncertainty in terms of accessing their rights and excludes them from the EU political space, which is problematic for how EU governance can be understood.

scholarly journals Security Aspects of Migrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Dragutin Vurnek ◽  
Andrea Bengez ◽  
Matej Perkov
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Indicators

AbstractMigrations as an inevitable fact of socioeconomic trends pose a security challenge for migrant countries, transition countries, and the countries where migrants come as to the ultimate destination. They are realized in a large area with a large number of participants and global consequences. This paper, through the basic determinants of migrations, statistical indicators on migrations, security challenges, risks and threats, migration policy and international security, provides answers to the questions about the numerical movement of migrants from the seventies of the last century to today on a global scale. Responses are also given about the reasons for triggering migrations, the most desirable migrant destinations, and the impact of migrations on security in departure, transit and destination countries. Particular attention is given to the last migration crisis that has largely affected the European Union.

scholarly journals Consequences of the Radicalization of Migration Policy In Western Europe: Socio-Economic Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Maxim Kulaga
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western European ◽  
Migration Crisis

The problem of regulating migration flows in the European Union has existed for a long time and is becomingmore difficult and complex every year. Due to the complexity of the distribution of migrants among the member countries of the organization, as well as the divergence of domestic interests of individual countries and the pan-European policy vector, internal opposition arises, which is expressed in protests and political initiatives that radicalize society. Such trends are developing especially actively in the countries of Western Europe, the most economically developed and progressive, which have taken over most of the legal migrants who have arrived. The migration policy of Western European countries has undergone a very strong metamorphosis over the past five years. Since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2015, it is possible to trace a significant strengthening and tightening of measures regulating the situation of migrants on the territory of states. It should be noted that during the same period, a new round of development of radical parties followed in many European countries, but it was in Western European countries that radical changes in politics took place. It is quite difficult to determine what impact migrants have on the state of the economy of states, as well as their relations with the indigenous inhabitants of Western European countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this article will be to consider the socio-economic impact of migrants on the countries of Western Europe during the period of radicalization of the policy of the states of the region in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used in this study, it is necessary to distinguish empirical and theoretical ones, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis. The sources were considered on the basis of a system-structural approach to the study of complex political and social processes and phenomena, taking into account many aspects of the development of modern society and the political process in the countries. The analysis of the current situation was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, cultural and political continuity. The results of this study can be used in the future to form effective methods of countering social conflicts arising as a result of migration.

scholarly journals Social Integration of Refugees in the European Union (based on the Spanish experience)

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
M.G. Galakhtin ◽  
◽  
V.A. Stepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Crisis

The current situation in the field of social integration of migrants in the countries of the European Union is analyzed on the example of Spain. The phenomena that caused the 2015 migration crisis in Europe and the social consequences of the crisis, as well as measures to overcome it, are considered. The issues and problems of Spanish migration policy related to migration flows and new challenges of social integration and adaptation of migrants are evaluated.

scholarly journals THE DEAD ENDS OF THE MIGRATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, THEIR FURTHER IMPACT ON THE SITUATION IN INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES AND EUROPE AS A WHOLE (Review of the book: Klaus V., Weigl I. LLC “Resettlement of Peoples”: A short guide for understanding the modern migration crisis. Moscow: Publishing House of the Gaidar Institute, 2017)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2406-2416
Author(s):  
А.Д. НАЗАРОВ ◽  
Р.А. АТТАКУРОВ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Migration Crisis

В статье представлена рецензия на коллективную монографию чешских ученых, в которой рассматриваются истоки возникновения мощного миграционного кризиса, обрушившегося в 2015 г. на неподготовленную Европу и сравниваемого некоторыми специалистами по разрушительным последствиям с послевоенной ситуацией. Он вызвал в странах ЕС новую волну скепсиса в отношении продвигаемой т.н. «Большой Европой» тенденции усиления централизации в управлении континентом, продолжает привлекать повышенное внимание ученых, политиков и журналистов. И если в научной публицистике и отечественных средствах массовых коммуникаций до сих пор доминирует точка зрения руководства ФРГ, а именно оно было и остается главным и непреклонным в продвижении этой политики, то отношение к ней в восточно-европейских государствах варьируется от легкого неудовольствия до жесткой критики. В этой связи несомненный теоретический и практический интерес для понимания истоков возникновения и возможных последствий современного миграционного кризиса в Европе представляет не утратившая актуальности научная работа, отражающая политические взгляды на эту проблему ведущих чешских ученых В. Клауса и И. Вейгла [5], продолжительное время входивших в состав высшего руководства этой страны.

The Migration Crisis and the Problems of “Soft Security” in Germany

2022 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Kateryna Tryma ◽  
Kostyantyn Balabanov ◽  
Natalia Pashyna ◽  
Olena Hilchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Security ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Host Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Soft Security

The current migration crisis has far-reaching challenges for EU countries. Global migration is forcing countries to completely reconsider their migration policies, the effectiveness of control, and the integration of migrants. As one of the EU's leading countries, Germany is the biggest lobbyist for the establishment of a common migration policy in the EU. This chapter contributes to the academic discussion on establishing a single mechanism for managing migration flows in the European Union. The analysis confirms that EU countries are faced with the need to find new ways to resolve the migration crisis. In this direction, Germany has become the country where one can trace the uniqueness of the political phenomenon of integration of migrants into the host community as a measure to overcome the migration crisis. The evidence reveals the growth of threats for national, regional, and international security caused by the growing migration crisis and transformation of the policy of integration of migrants in Germany under the influence of this factor.

Budapest and Brussels’ migration policy (2014–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Bela Y. Zhelitski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Following a brief description of the unprecedented waves of migration flowing into Europe from the Middle East and Africa, the author analyses the migration policy of the European Union and Hungary's attitude towards this policy between 2014 and 2019. The study centers on the positions, views, and specific actions of the leadership of the European Commission and the political class of Hungary, as well as the relations between them. The main approaches of the parties towards solving the problems of the migration crisis and the differences between them on key issues of migration policy, which at times turned into confrontations between Budapest and Brussels, are shown. Particular attention is given to the circumstances that led to the EU migration crisis.

THE EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION POLICY IN TERMS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Fomenko ◽  
◽  
Anfisa E. Kriuchkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Migration ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the impact of the epidemiological situation in the countries of the European Union in connection with the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on the migration policy of the integration association. Based on the analysis of documents and statistical materials, the author identified the key factors that determine the transformation of European migration policy at the present stage. In addition to that the author put forward the idea of the EU maintaining the course for the implementation of a set of measures taken in this area before the beginning of the pandemic. The article analyzes some of the consequences of the migration crisis of 2015-2016. Some documents adopted in the EU during and after the migration crisis are cited. A critical understanding of the "open door policy" is given. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU countries faced a new challenge. The global lockdown put tens of thousands of migrants in a vulnerable position in EU countries awaiting status. Despite the fact that the primary tasks of accommodating and helping migrants at the beginning of the pandemic were solved, it is worth noting that the European Union did not show proper coordination of actions. For example, a comprehensive approach to the formation of a unified migration policy has not yet been developed.

scholarly journals Immigration Problem in the Setting Up of Political Forces in Germany and France

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Guzhev ◽  
Maria S. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The importance of studying migration processes is due to their massive, regular nature, the impact on the political and social environment of the host countries. Often, a poorly thought out, inconsistent and generally ineffective immigration policy leads to problems in the host countries, reduces the quality of life of the indigenous population, thus creating a split in society, which may result in increasing migrant phobia, xenophobia, etc. A particularly striking example of this situation can serve as some countries of the European Union, in particular, Germany and France. The populations of these countries account for one of the largest shares of migrants not only in Europe, but throughout the world. Of particular research interest is the change in the political preferences of the voters in favor of the forces advocating a rigid migration policy. Within the framework of the systematic and historical-descriptive approaches, the electoral processes in Germany and France were analyzed during the period of the most intense manifestation of the migration problem. It was found that in parallel with the migration crisis in the host countries, a reshuffling of political forces is rapidly taking place: lesser-known political leaders, parties, movements not only appear on the political arena, but quickly gain voters’ support, starting to determine immigration policy. There is a clear relationship between anti-immigration slogans and the entry into the arena of Germany and France of right-wing parties, which are fundamentally changing the political alignment of forces and their political course as a whole. Supporters of the right-wing political persuasion quickly gained popularity at the peak of the migration crisis, but with this problem fading into the background, the need for these political forces began to decrease. As a result of the study, the hypothesis that the migration problem is one of the key factors in the alignment of political forces in Germany and France was confirmed.

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of war’s social consequences. Case Study: Aleppo Governorate Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e965
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Papadimitriou ◽  
Dimitrios Koumoulidis ◽  
Lida Papalamprou ◽  
Christoforos Kasimatis ◽  
Panagiotis Sparangis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Available Information

War is an anthropogenic phenomenon with devastating effects, which cause loss of human life, alongside the disastrous effects on the natural environment. The environmental impacts of armed conflicts can be either direct, arising from the act of war itself, or indirect due to the massive population displacement, infrastructure breakdown, and militarised zones. Impacts may be irreversible, affecting areas even far away from the territory of the conflict where they manifest. The environmental impacts of war create social and economic consequences that lead to greater environmental degradation by showing the interdependent relationship between the environment, society, and economy. It is imperative to address the subject in a multidisciplinary approach and implement stricter international legislation on environmental disasters during wars. This study aims to identify environmental impacts by using satellite-derived images at Aleppo Governorate, analyse them via statistics supplemented with the available information for the research region, and demonstrate the subsequent social and economic consequences by creating indices, such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), digital image composites and classified images, which record the extent of reduction of healthy vegetation and the extent of destruction at the city of Aleppo. Data from international organisations corroborated the findings, and hereinafter societal and economic effects were analysed. Using remote sensing alongside with geographic information systems can be a useful tool as it offers access to war zones where physical observations are usually impossible.

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