scholarly journals Employment and labour market: contours of de-standardisation. Academic discussion at the V St. Petersburg international labour forum (St. Petersburg, 23 april 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov ◽  
Olesya Veredyuk

This paper aims to analyze and summarize the realities of academic discourse on fundamental transformations in the sphere of labour relations related to the development of non-standard employment. The digests of the presentations that the authors received from the speakers of the international academic pаnel «Employment and Labour Market: Contours of De-standardisation» held in the framework of the V St. Petersburg International Labour Forum in April 2021 established the scientific basis of the paper. The authors focus on the transformation of labour relations associated with their de-standardization, i.e. departure from the model with a permanent full-time employe-eemployer relationship that provides a range of social rights and guarantees. The authors review and critically analyze the evolving discourse on the current and prospective international academic issues of debates on the topic of de-standardization of labour relations. The main results of the paper are the following, firstly, an overview of the materials of the academic panel on the labour de-standardization problem; secondly, the proposed outlines of a comprehensive approach to solving the problem, primarily in terms of decent work and employment for all, taking into account international experience and country-specific features of economies; and thirdly, recommendations for further discussions towards exploring the opportunities and threats facing work and employment resulting from the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the context of global capitalism and finding alternative ways of resolving the accumulated contradictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Bobkov

Precarious employment is becoming more and more widespread in the world and inRussia. It is the destruction of the traditional standard model of employment, labour and social rights of workers to secure and sustainable employment. This is one of the problematic areas of modern social relations, exacerbated by the industrial revolution 4.0, globalization of global relations in all areas and their use in the interests of national and world capital. In the article, the author characterizes the essence of precarious employment and presents the results of a sociological study of precarious employment in a representative group. It allowed expanding the sociological tools of its study and the use of sociological indicators to identify groups of workers in relation to precarious employment. The author also studied the parameters of the specified representative group, clarified the indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values that identify certain aspects. As a result, the author identified four profiles of contemporary employment inRussia, characterized by increasing signs of precarious employment and gave their comparative characteristics. Further, the author described the differences in socio-demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of workers belonging to different profiles of employment. On this basis, the author justified the need to transform labour, civil and other legislation, which would allow more fully using the advantages of standard and flexible employment for employees of various segments of the Russian labour market, ensuring, at the same time, compliance with their labour and social rights.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Svitlana Zapara ◽  
Yaroslav Melnyk ◽  
Mariya Melnyk ◽  
Maryna Kuznetsova ◽  
Natalia Bondar

The technological changes directly influence human values, way of life, communication, education, new digital competencies, economic productivity, social rights, privacy, access to information, and more. Understanding and describing these effects is key for understanding the new digital social reality and determining possibilities, challenges, and threats of the fourth industrial revolution. The prerequisites of this study are the objective monitoring of the state of social and labour relations in Ukraine and other countries, the analysis of urgent issues of alternative employment, the global crisis and crisis of the human rights mechanism of social and labour relations, changes in the legal status and powers of trade union organizations. These institutions are intended to protect the interests of employees, to facilitate the ‘individualization’ of labour relations, and new forms to protect employees’ rights and interests.


2021 ◽  

Oxfam’s Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project helped Hind, a young woman in Morocco, to enter the labour market. Though she is educated, her skills were insufficient to get a job. The Amal Al Mansour Association, a YPE partner, helped her with practical training in developing soft skills and accessing the formal labour market. With support from the Association, she got a job in the retail sector. Her current job is a stepping-stone to achieving her personal and professional goals. She wants to obtain her law degree and find a stable job in line with her qualifications. In the context of the COVID-19 crisis, the number of available jobs has decreased, and it is hard to get a full-time salaried position. Hind is hopeful that the YPE programme can help young people in Morocco through advocating for decent work for vulnerable young people.


Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni

About 10,000 years ago, at the beginning of the agriculturalrevolution, on the whole earth lived between 5 and 8 million hunter-gatherers, all belonging to the Homo sapiens species. Five thousand years later, freed from the primary needs for survival, some belonging to that species enjoyed the privilege of devoting themselves to philosophical speculation and the search for transcendental truths. It was only in the past two hundred years, however, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, that reaping nature’s secrets and answering fundamental questions posed by the Universe have become for many full-time activities, on the way to becoming a real profession. Today the number of scientists across the globe has reached and exceeded 10 million, that is, more than the whole human race 10,000 years ago. If growth continues at the current rate, in 2050 we will have 35 million people committed full-time to scientific research. With what consequences, it remains to be understood. For almost forty years I myself have been concerned with science in a continuing, direct, and passionate way. Today I perceive, along with many colleagues, especially of my generation, that things are evolving and have changed deeply, in ways unimaginable until a few years ago and, in some respects, not without danger. What has happened in the world of science in recent decades is more than likely a mirror of a similar and equally radical transformation taking place in modern society, particularly with the advent ...


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Peter Waring ◽  
Azad Bali ◽  
Chris Vas

The race to develop and implement autonomous systems and artificial intelligence has challenged the responsiveness of governments in many areas and none more so than in the domain of labour market policy. This article draws upon a large survey of Singaporean employees and managers (N = 332) conducted in 2019 to examine the extent and ways in which artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have begun impacting workplaces in Singapore. Our conclusions reiterate the need for government intervention to facilitate broad-based participation in the productivity benefits of fourth industrial revolution technologies while also offering re-designed social safety nets and employment protections. JEL Codes: J88, K31, O38, M53


2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110000
Author(s):  
Michele Ford ◽  
Kristy Ward

The labour market effects in Southeast Asia of the COVID-19 pandemic have attracted considerable analysis from both scholars and practitioners. However, much less attention has been paid to the pandemic’s impact on legal protections for workers’ and unions’ rights, or to what might account for divergent outcomes in this respect in economies that share many characteristics, including a strong export orientation in labour-intensive industries and weak industrial relations institutions. Having described the public health measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, this article analyses governments’ employment-related responses and their impact on workers and unions in the first year of the pandemic. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the disruption caused to these countries’ economies, and societies, served to reproduce existing patterns of state–labour relations rather than overturning them.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Jutvik ◽  
Darrel Robinson

Abstract Whether refugees in need of protection should be granted long- or short-term residence permits in the host country upon arrival is a long-standing debate in the migration policy and scholarly literature. Rights-based models of inclusion advocate for secure and long-term residency status arguing that this will provide the foundations for successful inclusion. Responsibilities-based models on the other hand claim that migrants should only be granted such status if certain criteria, such as full-time employment, have been met, again under the belief that such a system will facilitate inclusion into the host society. Using a sudden policy change as a natural experiment combined with detailed Swedish registry data, we examine the effect permanent residency on three measures of labour market inclusion in the short-term. Our findings are twofold. On the one hand, we find that temporary residents that are subject to a relatively less-inclusive situation have higher incomes and less unemployment. However, at the same time, they are less likely to spend time in education than are those with permanent residency. First part title Permanent or Temporary Settlement? Second part title A Study on the Short-Term Effects of Temporary and Permanent Residence Permits on Labour Market Participation


Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (243) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Palmer

A thematic or a period discipline?Industrial archaeology has generally been defined as a thematic discipline, concerned with only one aspect of man’s past activity. Although the term ‘archaeology of industry’ was used in the 19th century, it was Michael Rix who used the phrase ‘industrial archaeology’ in print for the first time (Rix 1955). He later defined industrial archaeology as ‘recording, preserving in selected cases and interpreting the sites and structures of early industrial activity, particularly the monuments of the Industrial Revolution’ (Rix 1967: 5). The emphasis on the term ‘industrial monument’ followed a need to define an industrial class of Ancient Monument so that some examples would be scheduled. Industrial archaeology, then, grew from the need to record and preserve standing structures threatened with demolition rather than an inherent desire to understand more about the historical period of the monuments. It was perhaps felt that understanding of the industrial revolution period was more readily arrived at by other means, particularly written historical evidence. During the ‘rescue’ years of the 1960s and 1970s, archaeology was one of the two areas of fastest university expansion and very popular in extra-mural teaching. But none of the archaeology departments took up industrial archaeology, although many of the extra-mural departments did; it is largely as a part-time, amateur interest that industrial archaeology has flourished ever since. The author’s post as an industrial archaeologist in the Leicester archaeology department is one of the first occasions on which the specialism has been given a place in full-time undergraduate archaeology courses.


10.1068/a3781 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda McDowell ◽  
Diane Perrons ◽  
Colette Fagan ◽  
Kath Ray ◽  
Kevin Ward

In this paper we examine the relationships between class and gender in the context of current debates about economic change in Greater London. It is a common contention of the global city thesis that new patterns of inequality and class polarisation are apparent as the expansion of high-status employment brings in its wake rising employment in low-status, poorly paid ‘servicing’ occupations. Whereas urban theorists tend to ignore gender divisions, feminist scholars have argued that new class and income inequalities are opening up between women as growing numbers of highly credentialised women enter full-time, permanent employment and others are restricted to casualised, low-paid work. However, it is also argued that working women's interests coincide because of their continued responsibility for domestic obligations and still-evident gender discrimination in the labour market. In this paper we counterpose these debates, assessing the consequences for income inequality, for patterns of childcare and for work–life balance policies of rising rates of labour-market participation among women in Greater London. We conclude by outlining a new research agenda.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Eglė Štareikė ◽  
Ugnė Alaburdaitė

By invoking scientific doctrine, legal regulations and official statistics, the paper aims at assessing the actual position of females and males in labour relations in Lithuania as well as identifying the problems of the legal regulation of gender equality. The survey conducted among MRU Public Security Academy students was dedicated to disclosing the perceptions of individuals first entering the labour market about (in)equality in labour relations and experiences in the course of professional practice. To attain these objectives, certain goals were set: analysis of multiple layers of the concept of equality, legal regulation of the principle of gender equality and its inclusion in labour relations and statutory service. Furthermore, the present paper considered various trends and patterns in the implementation of the gender equality principle in labour relations, based on the analysis of the data of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. Empirical research was carried out to assess the experience of students who had their professional practice in police headquarters in terms of gender inequality. Based on the performed survey that involved the students of MRU Public Security Academy, it should be concluded that the majority of students did not understand the different behaviours that could violate an individual’s rights in terms of the equality of men and women. When responding to certain questions, the majority of respondents indicated that gender inequality in Lithuania existed only to the extent it occurred naturally; however, when responding to other questions, the majority stated that there were numerous situations during their practice when they experienced discrimination (i.e. preferential treatment of one of the genders, abuse due to gender etc.). This can lead to the conclusion that violations of gender equality committed on certain grounds are perceived as a natural phenomenon resulting from natural differences between the sexes and because of this, certain flawed behaviour is justified. This results in fewer opportunities for individuals to report violations to responsible institutions and thus ensure the protection of their rights as well as to share their experiences with other individuals and, as a result, educate them.


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