Attitude of Individuals First Entering Labour Market to the Implementation of Equality of Treatment Principle in Labour Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Eglė Štareikė ◽  
Ugnė Alaburdaitė
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Scientific Doctrine

By invoking scientific doctrine, legal regulations and official statistics, the paper aims at assessing the actual position of females and males in labour relations in Lithuania as well as identifying the problems of the legal regulation of gender equality. The survey conducted among MRU Public Security Academy students was dedicated to disclosing the perceptions of individuals first entering the labour market about (in)equality in labour relations and experiences in the course of professional practice. To attain these objectives, certain goals were set: analysis of multiple layers of the concept of equality, legal regulation of the principle of gender equality and its inclusion in labour relations and statutory service. Furthermore, the present paper considered various trends and patterns in the implementation of the gender equality principle in labour relations, based on the analysis of the data of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. Empirical research was carried out to assess the experience of students who had their professional practice in police headquarters in terms of gender inequality. Based on the performed survey that involved the students of MRU Public Security Academy, it should be concluded that the majority of students did not understand the different behaviours that could violate an individual’s rights in terms of the equality of men and women. When responding to certain questions, the majority of respondents indicated that gender inequality in Lithuania existed only to the extent it occurred naturally; however, when responding to other questions, the majority stated that there were numerous situations during their practice when they experienced discrimination (i.e. preferential treatment of one of the genders, abuse due to gender etc.). This can lead to the conclusion that violations of gender equality committed on certain grounds are perceived as a natural phenomenon resulting from natural differences between the sexes and because of this, certain flawed behaviour is justified. This results in fewer opportunities for individuals to report violations to responsible institutions and thus ensure the protection of their rights as well as to share their experiences with other individuals and, as a result, educate them.

Enhancing gender equality through transitional labour markets

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Training Child ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

This article develops the concept of ‘transitional labour markets': legitimised and collectively insured sets of mobility options between paid and unpaid work. Such mobility options could constitute a basis for both a new gender contract and a new concept of full-employment, the latter being based on the flexible target of 30 hours a week, from which employees would constantly deviate over their life course to allow for periods of training, child-care, higher-income phases etc. Of five different types of transitional labour market, this article focuses on the transition between paid and unpaid work and between work and retirement. Greater flexibility in the mobility between various labour market statuses, it is argued, would make a major contribution to overcoming gender inequality.

scholarly journals GENDER EQUALITY IN UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF LEGALS ACTS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Men And Women

Today, in most countries, the equal legal status of women and men, as well as the equal opportunity to execute it in society, that is, gender equality, has long been a commonplace in public discourse and politics. In Ukraine, equality between men and women is declared at the constitutional level, which testifies to the approach of the Ukrainian state and civil society to the European and world level of solving gender problems. The execution of the legal regulation of the state gender policy in Ukraine is considered by the normative legal acts of two levels: supranational and national and the results of their implementation. The actual problem of not only creating a sufficient regulatory and legal field, but also its compliance is analyzed. Moreover, attention is paid to the facts of violation and neglect of the current legislation, which in turn leads to the preservation of gender inequality in Ukrainian society, where most property, power and general influence belong to men. There is a need to develop a new paradigm of state power, which should envisage the optimal use of human resources, in particular its female component and, ultimately, the achievement of gender equality as an important part of the development strategy, which is intended to enable all men and women to improve their living standards. It is argued that the relevance of gender equality in the contemporary historical context will be maintained in the short term. This is due to the fact that the problems of gender inequality, and therefore of socio-economic and political discrimination against women, cannot be solved solely by state reforms, since a system of rules that forbid any deterioration of women's rights is unlikely to operate without an effective system for monitoring of norms implementation.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS ON GENDER INEQUALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Galina Semeko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The article analyzes the socio-economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for gender inequality in the world. The changes in the conditions of women position in the labour market and households caused by the pandemic, quarantine and social exclusion, as well as the main ways to address the increased gender problems in various countries of the world are considered. It is emphasized that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on the situation of women, jeopardizing the progress made in the field of gender equality in the world over the previous two decades.

Separate aspects of legal regulation of women’s labour rights

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Burbyka ◽  
Alyona Klochko ◽  
Mykola Logvinenko ◽  
Kateryna Gorbachova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Labour Legislation

Purpose This paper aims to cover the problems arising in the process of women employment. The purpose is to investigate problems arising in the process of women employment, to analyse the existence of discriminatory aspects with regard to certain categories of workers, and to give recommendations for overcoming discrimination against women in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on formal–logical and general scientific cognitive methods (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization and deduction and induction). Systems and functional methods were used. The methods of concrete-sociological researches were used to gather, analyse and process legal information. The comparative-legal methods determined the actual realization of gender equality principles in different countries. Findings The Ukrainian labour legislation is imperfect and should be reformed, so as to not only declare but also protect women’s rights, in accordance with the current realities and fluctuations in the labour market. Practical implications The research helps overcome gender and age discrimination in Ukraine’s labour market, especially the relations that emerge at the employment stage. Discrimination against women at this stage is one of the most common forms of gender inequality. Originality/value Certain gaps in the labour legislation were found. The level of conformity of the current labour-relations-regulating legislation with the policy of equal rights and opportunities for women and men was determined. Recommendations, aimed at changing legal regulations to prevent gender discrimination, were developed, with a view to solving existing gender-related problems in the field of labour.

IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN’S EQUITABLE EMPLOYMENT: GLOBAL SCENARIO

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Farida Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Productive Potential

The ambivalent record of progress on issues of gender equality is reflective of the impediments to women’s equitable employment. This paper presents facts on global gender inequality in general, while specifically focusing on gender discrimination in the labour market and formal organisations. The Gender Mainstreaming strategy is presented as a viable option to overcome the obstacles restricting women from attaining their productive potential.

Instrumenty polityki równości płci w kontekście sytuacji w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Domagała
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations

The article undertakes the issue of gender equality policies in the context of its indicators. The main purpose of the paper is to identify the areas of gender inequality, its scale and determinants. Firstly, the article presents the legislation of gender equality policies – its main objectives. Next, the paper discusses indicators that were implemented by organisations such as the Organisation of the United Nations and the European Union. These selected indicators are presented, taking into account the situation in Poland. In conclusion, the paper highlights the main obstacles to the pursuit of equal opportunities for women and men in Poland.

Islam, Gender, and Democracy in Comparative Perspective

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

This volume reframes the debate around Islam and women’s rights within a broader comparative literature. It examines the complex and contingent historical relationships between religion, secularism, democracy, law, and gender equality. Part I addresses the nexus of religion, law, gender, and democracy through different disciplinary perspectives (sociology, anthropology, political science, law). Part II localizes the implementation of this nexus between law, gender, and democracy, and provides contextualized responses to questions raised in Part I. The contributors explore the situation of Muslim women’s rights vis-à-vis human rights to shed light on gender politics in the modernization of the nation and to ponder over the role of Islam in gender inequality across different Muslim countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Implications for workers and unions

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110000
Author(s):  
Michele Ford ◽  
Kristy Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Export Orientation ◽  
Health Measures

The labour market effects in Southeast Asia of the COVID-19 pandemic have attracted considerable analysis from both scholars and practitioners. However, much less attention has been paid to the pandemic’s impact on legal protections for workers’ and unions’ rights, or to what might account for divergent outcomes in this respect in economies that share many characteristics, including a strong export orientation in labour-intensive industries and weak industrial relations institutions. Having described the public health measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, this article analyses governments’ employment-related responses and their impact on workers and unions in the first year of the pandemic. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the disruption caused to these countries’ economies, and societies, served to reproduce existing patterns of state–labour relations rather than overturning them.

scholarly journals How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Amber Theeuwen ◽  
Valérie Duplat ◽  
Christopher Wickert ◽  
Brian Tjemkes
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Female Farmers

In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.

Moving from problems to solutions: A review of gender equality interventions at work using an ecological systems approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vienne Wing-yan Lau ◽  
Veronica Scott ◽  
Meg Aum Warren ◽  
Michelle Bligh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Future Research Directions

Despite the mounting research on gender inequality in the workplace, progress toward gender parity in organizational practice has stalled. We suggest that one reason for the lack of progress is that empirical research has predominately focused on the antecedents and manifestations of gender inequality in the workplace, paying inadequate attention to the solutions that could potentially improve gender equality and women’s experiences at work. Indeed, we report here that less than 5% of the relevant studies published in preeminent management, psychology, and diversity journals since the turn of the century identify practical interventions for solving gender inequality in organizations. To advance gender equality at work, we argue that a paradigm shift from problem to solution is critical and urgent. Using ecological systems theory (EST; Bronfenbrenner, 1977) as our guiding framework, we present an integrative review of gender equality interventions spanning across the management, psychology, and feminist literature over the past two decades at the ontogenic system, interpersonal microsystem, and organizational microsystem levels of analysis. We subsequently provide an overview of domains not currently addressed in extant research – meso-, macro-, and chronosystems – and identify future research directions to spur progress towards workplace gender equality.

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