Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Yersinia in the feces of hunted wildlife in Abeokuta, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Ernest Ojo ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwadaisi Ogunjobi ◽  
Mufutau Atanda Oyekunle ◽  
Morenike Atinuke Dipeolu ◽  
Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus

Meat from wildlife contributes significantly to food security and income generation in many African communities. Salmonellae and yersiniae are important causes of foodborne infections. This study investigated the presence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae and yersiniae in the fecal contents of hunted wild rodents and ruminants at a wildlife meat-processing center in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified by selective culture methods and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Salmonellae were isolated from 15 (9.8%) and yersiniae from 11 (7.2%) samples out of 153. Salmonellae were detected in nine cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), five royal antelopes (Neotragus pygmaeus) and one African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Yersiniae were detected in eight cane rats, two royal antelopes and one waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). The levels of resistance in Salmonella isolates were 100% for ampicillin and ceftiofur, 93.3% for tetracycline, 33.3% for cefotaxime, 26.7% for ceftazidime, 13.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 6.7% for gentamicin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The levels of resistance in yersiniae isolates were 81.8% for ampicillin, 72.7% for ceftiofur, 63.6% for nalidixic acid, 54.5% for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 36.4% for tetracycline, 27.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and streptomycin, 18.2% for ciprofloxacin, and 9.1% for chloramphenicol and gentamicin. All the isolates showed multiresistance to antimicrobials from at least three different classes. The detection of antimicrobial resistant salmonellae and yersiniae in wildlife is of veterinary and public health significance as these organisms can be transmitted to domestic animals and humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Weaned Piglets after the Ban on Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Feed

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Kyung-Hyo ◽  
Byun Jae-Won ◽  
Lee Wan-Kyu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study aimed to survey the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 690 pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from Korean pigs with symptoms of enteric colibacillosis between 2007 and 2017, while assessing the change in antimicrobial resistance profiles before and after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the antimicrobial resistance phenotype was analyzed through the disk diffusion method, and the genotype was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction. After the ban on AGPs, resistance to gentamicin (from 68.8% to 39.0%), neomycin (from 84.9% to 57.8%), ciprofloxacin (from 49.5% to 39.6%), norfloxacin (from 46.8% to 37.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (from 40.8% to 23.5%) decreased compared to before the ban. However, resistance to cephalothin (from 51.4% to 66.5%), cefepime (from 0.0% to 2.4%), and colistin (from 7.3% to 11.0%) had increased. We confirmed a high percentage of multidrug resistance before (95.0%) and after (96.6%) the ban on AGPs. The AmpC gene was the most prevalent from 2007 to 2017 (60.0%), followed by the blaTEM gene (55.5%). The blaTEM was prevalent before (2007–2011, 69.3%) and after (2012–2017, 49.2%) the ban on AGPs. These results provide data that can be used for the prevention and treatment of enteric colibacillosis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Morocco

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Ohmani ◽  
Khadija Khedid ◽  
Saad Britel ◽  
Aicha Qasmaoui ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Salmonella enterica is recognised worldwide as one of the major agents of human gastrointestinal infections. The aim of the present work is to ascertain the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 150 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from humans in Morocco during the period from 2000 to 2008. Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance determination was performed by disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined for nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) isolates using E-test strips. Results: Sixty-one (42%) isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial agent. The largest numbers of resistant isolates were observed for nalidixic acid with 53 isolates (36%) followed by ampicillin with 7 isolates (5%), tetracycline with 6 isolates (4%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 2 isolates (1%).The resistant isolates were grouped in seven different resistance patterns of which two isolates were resistant to three antibiotics. Among the 53 (36%) NAR isolates, 37 (76%) had a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Resistance rates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from Morocco are generally low but the resistance to nalidixic acid is worryingly common. Continual surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of primary importance.

scholarly journals Prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baali ◽  
Mohamed Lounis ◽  
Hanan Laidouci Al Amir ◽  
Ammar Ayachi ◽  
Ahcen Hakem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aim: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial profile of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens in Batna, East Algeria, from June 2016 to June 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 960 samples, including 480 cloacal swabs, 240 cecal contents, and 240 neck skin samples collected from 6 poultry farms and 12 slaughterhouses, were included in this study. After isolation and identification, susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method. The seasonality of Campylobacter infection at broiler farms was statistically analyzed. Results: The data showed that 65%, 55%, and 70% of the cloacal swab, neck skin, and cecal content samples were contaminated with thermotolerant Campylobacter strains, respectively (p<0.05). Among the isolated campylobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species (73.5%). Sampling season exhibited a significant impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter (p<0.01), with peak occurrence in summer. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while 83.3% of them were resistant to erythromycin. Interestingly, 16 different resistance profiles were noted, with the combination of "ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline" being the most common, identified in 20.7% of isolated strains. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of a high contamination rate of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. These findings underscore the need to apply strict control measures to avoid any associated public health hazard among Algerian consumers. This initial finding of the contamination of poultry with this zoonotic pathogen in East Algeria suggests the value of periodic comprehensive evaluation of associated disease in poultry as well as in humans in this region.

Antimicrobial Resistance Percentages of Salmonella and Shigella in Seafood Imported to Jordan: Higher Percentages and More Diverse Profiles in Shigella

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Obaidat ◽  
Alaa E. Bani Salman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACT This study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of human-specific (Shigella spp.) and zoonotic (Salmonella enterica) foodborne pathogens in internationally traded seafood. Sixty-four Salmonella and 61 Shigella isolates were obtained from 330 imported fresh fish samples from Egypt, Yemen, and India. The pathogens were isolated on selective media, confirmed by PCR, and tested for antimicrobial resistance. Approximately 79 and 98% of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates, respectively, exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 8 and 49% exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes). Generally, Salmonella exhibited high resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, streptomycin, and ampicillin; very low resistance to kanamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin; and no resistance to ceftriaxone. Meanwhile, Shigella spp. exhibited high resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, streptomycin, and ampicillin; low resistance to kanamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ceftriaxone; and very low resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella isolates exhibited 14 resistance profiles, Shigella isolates 42. This study is novel in showing that a human-specific pathogen has higher antimicrobial resistance percentages and more diverse profiles than a zoonotic pathogen. Thus, the impact of antimicrobial use in humans is as significant as, if not more significant than, it is in animals in spreading antibiotic resistance through food. This study also demonstrates that locally derived antimicrobial resistance can spread and pose a public health risk worldwide through seafood trade and that high resistance would make a possible outbreak difficult to control. So, capacity building and monitoring harvest water areas are encouraged in fish producing countries.

Antimicrobial Effect of Quercus robur L. Leaves Selective Extracts from the Mezi Mountain of Djeniene Bourezg (West of Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1190
Author(s):  
Elhassan Benyagoub ◽  
Nouria Nabbou ◽  
Amal Dine
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Microbial Strains

Background: Algeria, by its vast terrestrial extent and its climatic variation, has an abundant, rich and varied flora in which it was counted many aromatic and medicinal species that provide bioactive compounds characterized by their broad biological activities. In this context, this work is based on the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Quercus robur L. leaves extracts (Family of Fagaceae). Methods: Firstly, the collected plant material was defatted; then, the extraction of tannins and saponins was carried out according to a standard protocol where the extracts obtained were tested on some uropathogenic microbial strains by disk diffusion method with the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) by broth macro-dilution method. Results: The extraction yield of the selective extracts was 7.93 and 16.94% for tannins and saponins, respectively. The antibiotic resistance profile of the tested strains showed a resistance relatively important to several antibiotics, namely amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and ampicillin for Escherichia coli, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, amikacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. However, Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to penicillin, gentamicin, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Antifungal susceptibility testing has been shown that Candida albicans was susceptible to amphotericin B, econazole and it was clinically categorized as intermediate to miconazole drug. For antimicrobial tests, the tannins and saponins extracts exhibited a low to strong inhibitory effect at tested concentrations lower than 30 mg/mL (ranged from no inhibition to an inhibition zone diameter of 17.5 mm), depending on dose levels and tested microbial strains. Conclusion: This activity is proportional to the tested concentrations, knowing that tannins extract was more active compared to saponins extract. For this, Q. robur could constitute an important source for drug discovery.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated in Chicken Slaughterhouses in Northern Greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAKARIDIS ◽  
N. SOULTOS ◽  
E. IOSSIFIDOU ◽  
A. PAPA ◽  
I. AMBROSIADIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Prevalence

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. A total of 100 poultry samples (300 carcasses) were examined for Listeria spp. The samples were neck skin taken from four different slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. Forty samples were also taken from the environment of the slaughterhouses. Identification of L. monocytogenes was carried out by PCR and fingerprinting of the isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from chicken carcasses and from the environment of the slaughterhouses were also examined for antibiotic resistance. Fifty-five isolates of L. monocytogenes were tested for susceptibility to 20 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were present in 99 of the poultry samples tested (99%), and 38 yielded L monocytogenes (38%). L. monocytogenes was also isolated in 80% of samples from the environment of a certain slaughterhouse, while the other slaughterhouses were found to be contaminated only with Listeria spp. All isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, the majority of them to clindamycin, and only a few to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, whereas they were found to be susceptible to all other antimicrobials. The results of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination in chicken carcasses, and all isolates were found to be sensitive to the antimicrobials most commonly used to treat human listeriosis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig's clinical samples in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Jadranka Žutić ◽  
Ljiljana Pavlović ◽  
Oliver Radanović ◽  
Vladimir Radosavljević ◽  
Branislav Kureljušić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Resistance Rates

Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is one of the most important bacterial diseases of the pig respiratory tract. One hundred and forty eight Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig's clinical samples were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials by disk diffusion method. Isolates were obtained from the pathoanatomically altered pig's lung that died with signs of respiratory disease. Antimicrobial discs with following concentration were used: ampicillin 10 µg, amoxicillin 10 µg, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 20/10 µg, cefotaxime 30 µg, gentamicin 10 µg, penicillin 10 IU, streptomycin 10 µg, tetracycline 30 µg, enrofloxacin 5µg, lincospectin 15/200 µg, florfenicol 30 µg and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1.25/23.75 µg. Isolated strains showed various susceptibility to tested antimicrobials. Seventy-five percent of isolates were resistant to one or more drugs frequently used in the treatment of pig's diseases at farms in Serbia. All 148 isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, enrofloxacin and florfenicol, while 96% of them were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincospectin. Susceptibility of isolates to amoxicillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 91%, 77% and 64%, respectively. The highest resistance rates were determined for tetracycline and streptomycin, 34% and 31%, respectively. When compared to our previous results, we noticed a decrease in resistance to tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Our results indicate that A. pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig's clinical samples in Serbia show high susceptibility to antimicrobial agents which are most often used in the pig industry.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Meats Origin Showed Resistance to Antibiotics Used by Farmers

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Abdulai Abass ◽  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Bacterial foodborne infections, including meat-derived infections, are globally associated with diseases and some deaths. Antibiotics are sometimes used to treat bacterial infections. The use of antibiotics by farmers contributes to the development of resistance by foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotics used by farmers and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat sources. Data was obtained from livestock farmers through the administration of semistructured questionnaires (n = 376) to obtain information on their demographics, knowledge and antibiotic usage. The procedure in the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual was used for E. coli detection. Antibiotic resistance test was performed using the disk diffusion method. The findings revealed that most of the farmers were male (74.5%), were aged 30−39 years (28.5%), had tertiary education (30.3%) and had 6−10 years of experience in livestock husbandry. Sheep (65.7%) were the most reared livestock, and antibiotics were mostly used to treat sick animals (36.7%). Tetracycline (27.7%) was the most common antibiotic used by farmers, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (18.6%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11.7%). Most farmers (56.1%) said they had knowledge of antibiotic usage. The prevalence of E. coli in RTE meats was lowest in pork (6.0%) and highest in chevon (20.0%). E. coli isolates from RTE meats were highly resistant to teicoplanin (96.77%), tetracycline (93.55%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (70.97%), azithromycin (70.97%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (58.06%) but was susceptible to chloramphenicol (93.55%), ciprofloxacin (61.29%) and ceftriaxone (58.06%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0.22 to 0.78. Multidrug resistance (93.55%) was high among the E. coli isolates. The resistance pattern AmcAzmTecTeSxt (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid–azithromycin–telcoplanin–tetracycline–trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was the most common. The use of antibiotics by farmers must be well regulated. Sellers of RTE meats also ought to take hygiene practices seriously to keep meat safe and healthy for public consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Bahramianfard ◽  
Abdollah Derakhshandeh ◽  
Zahra Naziri ◽  
Reza Khaltabadi Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

Abstract Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the most common serovars, associated with human salmonellosis. The food-borne outbreak of this bacterium is mainly related to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and poultry products, including eggs. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection, besides investigation of virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. Enteritidis in poultry and poultry egg samples is essential. A total of 3125 samples (2250 poultry and 875 poultry egg samples), sent to the administrative centers of veterinary microbiology laboratories in six provinces of Iran, were examined for Salmonella contamination, according to the ISO 6579 guideline. Next, duplex PCR was conducted on 250 presumptive Salmonella isolates to detect invA gene for identification of the genus Salmonella and sdf gene for identification of S. Enteritidis. Subsequently, the S. Enteritidis isolates were examined for detection of important virulence genes (pagC, cdtB, msgA, spaN, tolC, lpfC, and spvC) and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns against nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cephalothin, ceftazidime, colistin sulfate, and kanamycin by the disk diffusion method. Results Overall, 8.7 and 2.3% of poultry samples and 6.3 and 1.3% of eggs were contaminated with Salmonella species and S. Enteritidis, respectively. The invA and msgA genes (100%) and cdtB gene (6.3%) had the highest and the lowest prevalence rates in S. Enteritidis isolates. The spvC gene, which is mainly located on the Salmonella virulence plasmid, was detected in 50.8% of S. Enteritidis isolates. The S. Enteritidis isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to nalidixic acid (87.3%) and ceftazidime (11.1%), respectively. Unfortunately, 27.0% of S. Enteritidis isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusion The rate of contamination with Salmonella in the poultry and egg samples, besides the presence of antimicrobial resistant and MDR Salmonella isolates harboring the virulence genes in these samples, could significantly affect food safety and subsequently, human health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of animal-source foods, enhancement of poultry farm control measures, and limiting the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes in food producing animals, are essential for reducing the zoonotic risk of this foodborne pathogen for consumers and also choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

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