Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated in Chicken Slaughterhouses in Northern Greece

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. A total of 100 poultry samples (300 carcasses) were examined for Listeria spp. The samples were neck skin taken from four different slaughterhouses in Northern Greece. Forty samples were also taken from the environment of the slaughterhouses. Identification of L. monocytogenes was carried out by PCR and fingerprinting of the isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from chicken carcasses and from the environment of the slaughterhouses were also examined for antibiotic resistance. Fifty-five isolates of L. monocytogenes were tested for susceptibility to 20 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were present in 99 of the poultry samples tested (99%), and 38 yielded L monocytogenes (38%). L. monocytogenes was also isolated in 80% of samples from the environment of a certain slaughterhouse, while the other slaughterhouses were found to be contaminated only with Listeria spp. All isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, the majority of them to clindamycin, and only a few to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, whereas they were found to be susceptible to all other antimicrobials. The results of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination in chicken carcasses, and all isolates were found to be sensitive to the antimicrobials most commonly used to treat human listeriosis.

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Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Morocco

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.806 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 804-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farida Ohmani ◽

Khadija Khedid ◽

Saad Britel ◽

Aicha Qasmaoui ◽

Reda Charof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates

Introduction: Salmonella enterica is recognised worldwide as one of the major agents of human gastrointestinal infections. The aim of the present work is to ascertain the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 150 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from humans in Morocco during the period from 2000 to 2008. Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance determination was performed by disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined for nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) isolates using E-test strips. Results: Sixty-one (42%) isolates were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial agent. The largest numbers of resistant isolates were observed for nalidixic acid with 53 isolates (36%) followed by ampicillin with 7 isolates (5%), tetracycline with 6 isolates (4%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 2 isolates (1%).The resistant isolates were grouped in seven different resistance patterns of which two isolates were resistant to three antibiotics. Among the 53 (36%) NAR isolates, 37 (76%) had a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Resistance rates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from Morocco are generally low but the resistance to nalidixic acid is worryingly common. Continual surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of primary importance.

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Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Various Cabbage Farms and Packing Sheds in Texas

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-65.11.1796 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 1796-1799 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

ANN MARIE PRAZAK ◽

ELSA A. MURANO ◽

IMELDA MERCADO ◽

GARY R. ACUFF

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Multiresistant Strains ◽

Multiresistant Strain

Twenty-one isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from cabbage, environmental, and water samples were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance by the disk diffusion method. Ninety-five percent (20 of 21) of the isolates tested were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. This finding is significant, since multiresistant strains of Listeria spp. are not commonly found in nature. Eighty-five percent (17 of 20) of the multiresistant strains were resistant to penicillin, and the remaining multiresistant isolates were somewhat sensitive to penicillin. A multiresistant strain showing intermediate sensitivity to penicillin was resistant to gentamicin. One isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents except penicillin. Penicillin- and gentamicin-resistant L. monocytogenes have not previously been reported from human, food, or environmental samples. This study provides evidence of the emergence of multiresistant L. monocytogenes strains, pointing to an increase in the potential threat to human health posed by this pathogen.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Products Marketed on the Border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 1941-1946

Author(s):

JULIANO GONÇALVES PEREIRA ◽

VANESSA MENDONÇA SOARES ◽

LEONARDO ERENO TADIELO ◽

TASSIANA RAMIRES ◽

WLADIMIR PADILHA da SILVA

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT We aimed to perform serotyping and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw meats imported illegally into Brazil along the borders of Argentina and Uruguay. Distinct isolates of Salmonella spp. (n = 6) and L. monocytogenes (n = 25) obtained from 270 of these food products of earlier work were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial resistance by agar disk diffusion method. For strains that were considered phenotypically resistant, antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated: strA, strB, floR, tetA, tetB, blaZ, blaTEM, ermB, ermC, and ereB to Salmonella sp. and blaZ and mecA to L. monocytogenes. All Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella Infantis; they were multidrug resistant and harbored the genes blaTEM (n = 6), strA (n = 1), strB (n = 1), floR (n = 1), ermB (n = 1), tetA (n = 3), and tetB (n = 3). L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serovars 1/2a (n = 1), 1/2b (n = 14), 1/2c (n = 2), and 4b (n = 8), showed resistance only to penicillin G (n = 12), and did not show the blaZ and mecA genes. The results demonstrated that illegal foods that are commercialized in the Brazilian international border with Argentina and Uruguay may harbor foodborne pathogens, and some of them have multidrug resistance characteristics, such as Salmonella, emphasizing the need for greater control of international food transit in Brazil, especially in the region evaluated. HIGHLIGHTS

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Yersinia in the feces of hunted wildlife in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux ◽

10.19182/remvt.31478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Olufemi Ernest Ojo ◽

Oluwaseyi Oluwadaisi Ogunjobi ◽

Mufutau Atanda Oyekunle ◽

Morenike Atinuke Dipeolu ◽

Ebenezer Babatunde Otesile

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Cricetomys Gambianus

Meat from wildlife contributes significantly to food security and income generation in many African communities. Salmonellae and yersiniae are important causes of foodborne infections. This study investigated the presence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae and yersiniae in the fecal contents of hunted wild rodents and ruminants at a wildlife meat-processing center in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified by selective culture methods and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Salmonellae were isolated from 15 (9.8%) and yersiniae from 11 (7.2%) samples out of 153. Salmonellae were detected in nine cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), five royal antelopes (Neotragus pygmaeus) and one African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus). Yersiniae were detected in eight cane rats, two royal antelopes and one waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). The levels of resistance in Salmonella isolates were 100% for ampicillin and ceftiofur, 93.3% for tetracycline, 33.3% for cefotaxime, 26.7% for ceftazidime, 13.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and 6.7% for gentamicin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The levels of resistance in yersiniae isolates were 81.8% for ampicillin, 72.7% for ceftiofur, 63.6% for nalidixic acid, 54.5% for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 36.4% for tetracycline, 27.3% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and streptomycin, 18.2% for ciprofloxacin, and 9.1% for chloramphenicol and gentamicin. All the isolates showed multiresistance to antimicrobials from at least three different classes. The detection of antimicrobial resistant salmonellae and yersiniae in wildlife is of veterinary and public health significance as these organisms can be transmitted to domestic animals and humans.

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Non-typhoidalSalmonellain Calabria, Italy: a laboratory and patient-based survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e017037 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina Mascaro ◽

Claudia Pileggi ◽

Maria Crinò ◽

Yolande Therese Rose Proroga ◽

Maria Rosaria Carullo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

The European Union ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Region Data ◽

Foodborne Outbreaks ◽

Biochemical Identification

IntroductionAlthough there has been a decrease in the number of cases of salmonellosis in the European Union, it still represents the primary cause of foodborne outbreaks. In Calabria region, data are lacking for the incidence of human non-typhoid salmonellosis as active surveillance has never been carried out.ObjectiveTo report the results of a laboratory and patient-based morbidity survey in Calabria to describe the incidence and distribution ofSalmonellaserovars isolated from humans, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance patterns.MethodsPositive cultures from human samples were collected from every laboratory participating in the surveillance, with a minimum set of information about each isolate. A questionnaire was then administered to the patients by telephone interview to assess the potential risk exposures.Salmonellaisolates underwent biochemical identification, molecular analysis by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk-diffusion method.ResultsDuring a 2-year period, 105 strains ofSalmonellaspp were isolated from samples of patients with diarrhoea, with the highest isolation rate for children aged 1–5 years. The standardised rate was 2.7 cases per 1 00 000 population. The most commonSalmonellaisolates belonged to monophasic variant ofS.Typhimurium (S.4,[5],12:i:-) (33.3%), followed byS. Typhimurium (21.9%). 30.5% of the isolates were susceptible to all microbial agents tested and the most common pan-susceptible serotype wasS.Napoli (100%).S. 4,[5],12:i:- was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in 42.9% cases, while resistance to quinolones was seen in 14.3% of the isolates.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence that an active surveillance system effectively enhancesSalmonellanotifications. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to quinolones and multiresistance, enforces the need to strengthen strategies of surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial use.

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Antimicrobial Resistance among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1948 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 268-270 ◽

pp. 1948-1950

Author(s):

Jian Cheng Xu ◽

Man Zhang ◽

Ran Liang ◽

Qi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Clinical Microbiology ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Multiple Antibiotics

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are among the most frequently isolated bacterial species in clinical microbiology, and most CNS-related infections are hospital acquired. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of CNSisolated in the First Bethune Hospital. Disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of 2484 strains of CNSwere collected from blood (925, 37.2%), secretions (652, 26.2%) , urine (323, 13.0%) and pus (250, 10.1%). The percentage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) was 80.5％. All the CNS isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. MRCNS strains were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance of MRCNS was more serious than that of methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MSCNS). These results suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among CNS is necessary.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Meat Types in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2020/8877196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Frederick Adzitey ◽

Prince Assoah-Peprah ◽

Gabriel A. Teye ◽

Anou M. Somboro ◽

Hezekiel M. Kumalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Tamale Metropolis ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Local Chicken

Meats are important potential sources of foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from meats in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Isolation of Escherichia coli was done using the procedure according to the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Antibiotic resistance patterns in the Escherichia coli isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 8 antibiotics. The overall prevalence of Escherichia coli in the meat samples was 84.00% (189/225). Mutton (88.89%), guinea fowl (88.89%), beef (86.67%), local chicken (80.00%), and chevon (75.56%) were contaminated by Escherichia coli. The average coliform count was 4.22 cfu/cm2 and was highest in guinea fowl (4.94 log cfu/cm2) and lowest in local chicken (3.23 log cfu/cm2). The Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin (85.00%), tetracycline (73.33%), and ampicillin (71.67%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.13 to 1. The Escherichia coli isolates exhibited 23 antimicrobial resistance patterns with resistant pattern TeAmpE (tetracycline-ampicillin-erythromycin) being the most common. Multidrug resistance was 68.33% (41/60) among the Escherichia coli isolates. The results showed that Escherichia coli was commonly present in the various meat types and exhibited multidrug resistances, necessitating efficient antibiotic stewardship guidelines to streamline their use in the production industry.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Citrobacter freundii Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1951 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 268-270 ◽

pp. 1951-1953

Author(s):

Jian Cheng Xu ◽

Li Qiang Wang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Qi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Citrobacter Freundii ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽

Multiple Antibiotics

Citrobacter freundii is important causes of nosocomial infections.The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Citrobacter freundii isolated from the First Bethune Hospital. Disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of 432 strains of Citrobacter freundii were collected from sputum (240, 55.6%), secretions and pus (85, 19.7%), blood (58, 13.4%). All the Citrobacter freundii isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter freundii strains were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. The results suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Citrobacter freundii is necessary.

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Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance Properties of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Poultry Meat

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens ◽

10.34172/ijep.2020.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Ali Sabzmeydani ◽

Ebrahim Rahimi ◽

Amir Shakerian

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Wild Duck ◽

Campylobacter Species ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Background: F Campylobacter species are imperative foodborne bacteria because of the contaminated poultry meat consumption. Objectives: This study was conducted to recognize the incidence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter species recovered from raw poultry meat samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 695 poultry meat samples were collected and assessed by culture technique. Bacterial species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by disk diffusion method (DDM). Results: The contamination rate of samples with Campylobacter spp. was 44.75% with higher contamination rate of wild duck (84%), wild goose (83.33%), coot (78.26%), chicken (67.78%), and wild pheasant (66.66%), respectively. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli bacteria were found in 84.24% and 15.76% of Campylobacter spp., respectively. The highest incidence of C. jejuni was obtained in partridge (95.45%), quail (95%), pheasant (92.31%), and wild duck (90.48%) meat samples, respectively. The highest incidence of C. coli was found in turkey (52.63%) and wild pheasant (22.22%) meat samples, respectively. Moreover, C. jejuni had the highest resistance to tetracycline (76.34%), nalidixic acid (65.65%), ciprofloxacin (58.78%), enrofloxacin (39.69%), and ampicillin (38.55%), respectively. C. coli had the highest resistance to nalidixic acid (48.99%), ciprofloxacin (40.82%), and enrofloxacin (38.78%), respectively. Conclusion: Poultry meat, particularly partridge, quail, pheasant, turkey, and wild avian are the main sources of Campylobacter transmission. Furthermore, higher incidence and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni was found. Proper cooking of poultry meat and monitoring the antibiotic prescription can lessen the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat.

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Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capability Among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Hospitalized Patients in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112921/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shadi Shadkam ◽

Hamid Reza Goli ◽

Bahman Mirzaei ◽

Mehrdad Gholami ◽

Mohammad Ahanjan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Abstract BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, involved in persistent of the infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran.MethodsOver a 10-month period, a total of 100 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI. Biofilm formation was assessed by tissue culture plate method. Finally, polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect four families of carbapenemase: blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, biofilm formation associated genes; treC, wza, luxS and K. pneumoniae confirming gene; rpoB.ResultsMost of the isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole (52%), cefotaxime (51%), cefepime (43%), and ceftriaxone (43%). Among all the 100 isolates, 67 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 11 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The prevalence of the blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48 genes were 7%, 11%, 5%, and 28%, respectively. Among these isolates, 25% formed fully established biofilms, 19% were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, 31% formed weak biofilms, and 25% were non-biofilm-producers. Molecular distribution of biofilm formation genes revealed that 98%, 96%, and 34% of the isolates carried luxS, treC, and wza genes, respectively. ConclusionThe rise of antibiotic resistance among biofilm-producer strains, demonstrating a serious alarm about limited treatment options in hospital setting. Also, fundamental actions and introduction of novel strategies for controlling of K. pneumoniae biofilm-related infections is essential.

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