scholarly journals Relationship between Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Padang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sitti Monica Astrilia Ambon ◽  
Nuzulia Irawati ◽  
Almurdi Almurdi

Helminth infections in Indonesia are most often caused by Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH) species. It turns out that STH infection has a protective effect against metabolic diseases by affecting glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The effect related to the immune response that caused by STH infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between STH infection with insulin sensitivity in adults at Padang City. This study design was a comparative cross-sectional study with multistage random sampling technique. Stool samples were taken from 127 adults and there were 24 subjects (18.9%) infected with STH. Furthermore, We took another 24 uninfected subjects and compared their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin. Then, from the data We calculated it’s Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) score to assess insulin sensitivity. Unpaired T test and chi-square were used to analyze the data. The study result showed the average levels of FBG and fasting insulin were lower in STH-infected group than STH-uninfected group. However, there was no significant difference between two groups (FBG p=0.678; fasting insulin p=0.075). Also, STH-infected group tend to had good insulin sensitivity (66.7%) than STH-uninfected group (45.8%), but statistically, there was no significant relationship between STH infection and insulin sensitivity with p value=0.244. In conclusion, there is no relationship between STH infection and insulin sensitivity. Keywords: Soil-transmitted Helminths, Insulin Sensitivity, FBG

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Alshaibi ◽  
Tala AlBassri ◽  
Suliman AlQeuflie ◽  
Winnie Philip ◽  
Nesrin Alharthy

Abstract Background Emergency care continues to be a challenge, since patients’ arrival is unscheduled and could occur at the same time which may fill the Emergency Department with non-urgent patients. Triaging is an integral part of every busy ED. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is considered an accurate tool to be used outside Canada. This study aims to identify the chosen triage level and compare the variation between registered nurses, pediatric and adult emergency residents by using CTAS cases. Method This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City,Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was used, and which contains 15 case scenarios with different triage levels. All cases were adopted from a Canadian triage course after receiving permission. Each case provides the patient’s symptoms, clinical signs and mode of arrival to the ED. The participants were instructed to assign a triage level using the following scale. A non-random sampling technique was used for this study. The rates of agreement between residents were calculated using kappa statistics (weighted-kappa) (95%CI). Result A total of 151 participants completed the study questionnaire which include 15 case scenarios. 73 were nurses and 78 were residents. The results showed 51.3, 56.6, and 59.9% mis-triaged the cases among the nurses, emergency residents, and pediatric residents respectively. Triage scores were compared using the Kruskal Wallis test and were statistically significant with a p value of 0.006. The mean ranks for nurses, emergency residents and pediatric residents were 86.41, 73.6 and 59.96, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis Post-Hoc test was performed to see which groups were statistically significant, and it was found that there was a significant difference between nurses and pediatrics residents (P value = 0.005). Moreover, there were no significant differences found between nurses and ER residents (P value> 0.05). Conclusion The triaging system was found to be a very important tool to prioritize patients based on their complaints. The results showed that nurses had the greatest experience in implementing patients on the right triage level. On the other hand, ER and pediatric residents need to develop more knowledge about CTAS and become exposed more to the triaging system during their training.


Author(s):  
Lensi Natalia Tambunan ◽  
Lelly Oktarina ◽  
Nita Kusuma Lindarsih

Latar Belakang: Mobilisasi dini pada ibu nifas bertujuan untuk membantu menguatkan otot-otot perut, sehingga memperbaiki sirkulasi darah ke seluruh tubuh. Hal ini harus dipenuhi ibu selama masa nifas untuk mengembalikan organ-organ reproduksi, terutama untuk ibu yang post sectio caesaria. Mobilisasi pada ibu post sectio caesaria adalah suatu pergerakan, posisi atau adanya kegiatan yang dilakukan ibu setelah beberapa jam melahirkan dengan persalinan Caesar Namun, kenyataannya masih banyak ibu post sectio caesaria yang tidak mau melakukan mobilisasi dini karena merasa takut, malas untuk bergerak, merasa sakit dan lelah. Faktor fisiologis seperti kenaikan suhu tubuh (hipertermi), perdarahan yang berlebihan, nyeri, faktoe emosional seperti terjadinya kecemasan dan factor perkembangan seperti usia dan paritas.Tujuan: Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dengan pengetahuan ibu post Sectio caesaria tentang mobilisasi dini di RSUD Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah.Metode: Desain penelitian  ini  bersifat kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan menggunakan jenis desain cross sectional dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Accidental Sampling. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu post sectio caesaria  di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer.Data dianalisis secara chi square. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik diperoleh P value 0,964, berarti tidak ada perbedaan secara bermakna sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan antara paritas dengan pengetahuan ibu post sectio caesaria tentang mobilisasi dini.Simpulan: Ibu post sectio caesaria dengan paritas 2 agar tetap diberikan informasi mengenai mobilisasi dini post sectio caesaria agar ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, jika ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai mobilisasi maka ibu akan melaksanakan mobilisasi diniKata Kunci: Paritas, Ibu post sectio caesaria, Mobilisasi Dini. Background: Early mobilization of the postpartum mother aims to help strengthen the abdominal muscles, thereby improving blood circulation throughout. This must be fulfilled by the mother during puerperium to restore the reproductive organs, especially for mothers who are post sectional caesaria.  Mobilization of post sectio caesaria mothers is a movement, position or activity carried out by the mother after several hours of childbirth with caesarean delivery. However, in reality there are still many post sectio caesaria mothers who do not want to make early mobilization because they are afraid, lazy to move, feel sick and tiredPhysiological factors such as increased body temperature (hypertension), excessive bleeding, pain, emotional factors such as anxiety and developmental factors such as age and parity. Objective: The study was to find out the relationship between parity and post Sectio caesaria mother's knowledge about early mobilization in Doris Sylvanus Hospital in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan Province.Method: The design of this study was quantitative analytic observational using a cross sectional design with the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The population in this study were all post sectio caesaria mothers in RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya.  Data collection was done using primary data. Data was analyzed by chi square.Result: The result of statistical tests obtained p value 0.964 means that there is no significant difference so that it can be concluded there is no relationship between parity and post-caesaria maternal knowledge about early mobilization.Conclusion: Post-caeserean mothers with parity 2 keep informed about early post-caesarean mobilization so that mothers have good knowledge about mobilization, mothers will carry out early mobilization.Keywords: Parity, Maternal Caesarean section, Early Mobilization. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Anny Thuraidah ◽  
Misbawati Misbawati ◽  
Nurlailah Nurlailah ◽  
Haitami Haitami

The kidneys are organs of the body that function to regulate water balance in the body, the concentration of electrolytes in the blood and acid-base balance and secretion of waste material. If the kidney fails to function, the patient will need immediate treatment and even undergo hemodialysis (HD) therapy. A critical indicator in determining whether a person with impaired kidney function requires HD therapy is to know the creatinine level. The study aimed to ascertain the differences in creatinine levels pre and post HD also study the relationship between the age, gender, duration and frequency of HD therapy of respondents with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post. Type of research detailed survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken using a total sampling technique of 35 respondents from H BadaruddinKasimHospitalin Tanjung with a sample examination technique using the Jaffe method. The examination results of creatinine levels average for pre and post hemodialysis was11,36 and 5,58 mg/dl, which decreased 51%. The analysis statistically used Paired T-Test has a p-value = 0,000, indicating a significant difference for creatinine levels pre and post HD. Relationship between Age, Gender, Duration, and Frequency of HD Therapy with the decrease of creatinine levels pre and post HD was analyzed with Spearmen correlation and had p values more than 0,05. It means there was no relation between them. Conclusion there were significant differences in creatinine levels reduction pre and post HD while the relationship between the four of respondent characteristics to the magnitude of creatinine reduction show that there was no significant relationship.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Munsara Khalid Khan ◽  
Khalid Rahim Khan

Background: People suffering from imposter syndrome despite being competent consider themselves less skillful and incapable. Such individuals are also more prone to regret their choice of career with consequent early drop out, experience burnout, more prone to medical errors, absenteeism and low job satisfaction.  The current study aims to determine the difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome in dental students of preclinical and clinical phase and its gender predisposition. Objectives: 1. To find out the frequency and characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students. 2. To evaluate the differences in the characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students of preclinical and clinical year. 3. To determine gender predisposition of imposter syndrome among dental students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 dental students of CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College. A validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data by convenient sampling technique. The characteristics of IP were determined by adding the scores of all items. Descriptive statistics were done, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight students filled the IP Scale. The frequency of imposter syndrome is found to be 52.1% among Dental Students. Majority (72) of the dental students have frequent to intense imposter feelings. There is non-significant difference in the IP characteristics of male and female students. No significant difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome is found between dental students of preclinical and clinical year. Conclusions: There frequency of imposter syndrome is high among Dental students. Non-significant difference in the IP characteristics is found between male and female students as well as students of preclinical and clinical year.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Khalid ◽  
Imran Mahmood Khan ◽  
Wajeeha Amber ◽  
Aqmal Laeeq Chishti ◽  
Khawaja Amjad Hassan

Background: Goal of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) is to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, tetanus, measles-related deaths and to extend all new vaccines and preventive health interventions to children in all parts of the world. Demographic and health survey 2012-13 showed that in Pakistan complete immunization coverage is very low (54%) to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to assess any improvement in terms of vaccination coverage in Pakistan in the last 3-4 years.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at outpatient department of Pediatric Medicine of Mayo Hospital Lahore from May, 2016 till November, 2016. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to include patients after taking informed consent. Demographic details were collected and parents were questioned about different vaccinations received and confirmed through vaccination card. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 20 and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied for association among categorical variables.Results: Complete coverage of expanded program on immunization was achieved in 86% children. A statistically significant difference was noted between mother’s education and immunization coverage of children (P-value 0.013).Conclusions: Education of mother and socioeconomic status were two significant factors affecting immunization coverage. In order to meet target of 95% immunization coverage rate set by WHO, more awareness should be created among people with low socioeconomic status along with improvement of immunization facilities in these areas.Key words: Children, Expanded Program on Immunization, Immunization Coverage


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Sri Tumpuk ◽  
Edy Suwandi

Abstract: Hematocrit measurement is one of the most commonly special blood examination in laboratory to help in diagnosing various kind of diseases. Determination of hematocrit value can be done by macro and micro method. Macrocentrifus is multi function centrifuge with rotation speed reach to 3000 rpm for 30 minutes. Microcentrifus is a centrifuge for hematocrit only that used microcapiler tube with rotation speed of 1600 rpm for 5 minutes. This study aimed to identify the different hematocrit measurement micro method between macrocentrifus and microcentrifus. This study was type of analytical observation with research design was cross sectional approach. The study was done in June 2013. Sampling technique that has been applied was total population technique. Result in 48 samples accomplished the average of hematocrit measurement micro method in macrocentrifus was 43,33% meanwhile in microcentrifus was 42,85%. Data of study result analyzed by using t test in statistical program in order to determine whether there was a difference between those variables or not. Result analysis gained p value=0,000 (0,001) in 95% confidential interval due to p value 0,001< 0,05 consequently H0 refused and Ha accepted meaning that there was a significant difference between micro hematocrit result by using macrocentrifus and microcentrifus.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan hematokrit merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan darah khusus yang sering dikerjakan di laboratorium berguna untuk membantu diagnosa berbagai penyakit. Penetapan nilai hematokrit dapat dilakukan dengan cara makro dan mikro. Makrosentrifus adalah sentrifus multi fungsi dengan kecepatan pemusingan 3000 rpm selama 30 menit. Mikrosentrifus adalah sentrifus yang hanya digunakan untuk hematokrit yang menggunakan tabung mikrokapiler dengan kecepatan pemusingan 16000 rpm selama 5 menit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil pemeriksaan hematokrit metode mikro menggunakan makrosentrifus dan mikrosentrifus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasi analitik dengan desain penelitian pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan Juni 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik total populasi. Hasil penelitian pada 48 sampel didapatkan rata-rata hasil pemeriksaan hematokrit metode mikro menggunakan makrosentrifus adalah 43,33% dan dengan mikrosentrifus adalah 42,85%. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan uji t menggunakan program SPSS yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan pada kedua variabel tersebut. Hasil analisis didapatkan nilai  p = 0,000 (0,001) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% Karena nilai p 0,001< 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima   artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara hasil pemeriksaan mikro hematokrit menggunakan makrosentrifus dengan mikrosentrifus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Sushna Maharjan ◽  
Mamata Tiwari

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among Nepalese women. Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the strength of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional Pap smear (CPS) in detecting cervical dysplasia/cancer, and assess feasibility of LBC in our setting. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from 312 patients for CPS and LBC by split sampling technique. Smears were interpreted according to the Bethesda System. The results between two methods were compared and analyzed statistically by applying Chi-square and t-tests. Results: There was no significant difference in adequacy rates, representativeness, detection of organisms and epithelial abnormalities between two methods. Neutrophils, haemorrhage, mucus and debris were more in CPS than LBC (P value <0.05). Conclusion: We didn’t find significant difference between two methods in detecting cervical epithelial abnormalities. The high cost of LBC makes CPS still a better option in the countries with low resource setting.


Author(s):  
Shaza Abdalla Elwali ◽  
Sulaf I Abdelaziz

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is an endocrine disorder with a recognized association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones have a remarkable effect on glucose metabolism and can cause insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed at assessing the relationship between IR and thyroid dysfunction. Methods: This case–control study was conducted at the endocrinology outpatient clinics of Ibrahim Malik Hospital and Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan between May 2018 and January 2019. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin level, and thyroid function test (TFT) were measured for each candidate and IR was estimated using the HOMA-IR equation. Results: Thirty-one patients with thyroid dysfunction and fifty-seven control participants were enrolled. The highest mean FBG was found among cases (105.3 ± 15.7 mg/dl) compared to the controls (97 ± 12.1 mg/dl), but the difference was not statistically significant (P-value = 0.598). The mean fasting insulin level was 9.22 ± 4 IU/ml in the cases and 9.4 ± 4.2 IU/ml in controls, without a significant difference (P-value = 0.681). The highest HOMA-IR score was found among cases (2.4 ± 1.2). It was 2.4 ± 1.3 in hyperthyroidism, 2.3 ± 1.1 in hypothyroidism, and 2.4 ± 1.2 in controls, and the difference was insignificant (P-value = 0.859). IR was higher in the cases (58.1%) compared to the controls (52.6%) but again not statistically significant (P-value = 0.396). Among cases, IR was encountered in 61.9% and 50% of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with thyroid dysfunction have some level of IR that was not statistically significant when compared with controls.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Natalansyah Natalansyah ◽  
Wulandari Wulandari ◽  
Barto Mansyah

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates the number of DM increases in Indonesia from 9.1 million in 2014 to 14.1 million in 2035. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or a combination. Diabetes mellitus can cause clinical changes in diabetics. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship of stress levels with self-care on type 2 DM clients in BLUD Internal Medicine dr. Doris Sylvanus. This research method uses a cross-sectional study design, with a purposive sampling technique, the number of samples in this study were 35 respondents, collecting data using a Diabetes Self-Care Activity Summary questionnaire (SDSCA and Diabetes Disorders Scale (DSS) and analyzed using the chi-square test The results of this study indicate that of the 20 respondents who were severely stressed 18 respondents were not good in self-care and of the 15 respondents who increased mild stress 10 respondents were able to perform self-care well. = 0.001, where the p-value <α (α = 0 05) It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between stress levels and self-care where the higher the stress level, the lower the self-care treatment.


Author(s):  
Pradeep Tarikere Satyanarayana ◽  
Lokesh Kabbalu Chikkegowda

Background: Aging is a natural phenomenon and quality of life among elderly gets compromised. The biggest killers among old age are heart disease and stroke and greatest cause of morbidity are sensory abilities, Diabetes and depression. The life of elderly gets compromised when they start facing problems to fulfil basic requirements such as social relations; personal care, nutrition and accommodation added to old age health problems.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study from June to September 2017 and study duration was for 3 months. Sample size calculated was 201 and was rounded off to 230. Snowball sampling technique was used. Data regarding socio-demographic profile and morbidity status was collected using semi structured questionnaire. QOL was assessed using WHO QOL OLD Questionnaire after informed consent. All those aged above 60 years were included in the study and those who are chronically sick and beds ridden were excluded from the study. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS v22. Level of significance was defined with p value less than 0.05. Mean and standard deviation were calculated and to compare between various group Independent t test applied.Results: Among 231 study participants, 122 (48.8%) belonged to 60-65 years age group, 126 (54.5%) were females, 130 (56.3%) were illiterates and 119 (51.6%) were completely dependent financially on family members, 97 (41.9%) were Hypertensive. Statistically significant difference was found in AUT domain where non-hypertensives had higher scores. Male hypertensives comparatively had better scores; literate hypertensives had better scores compared to illiterate hypertensives in SAB, AUT, PPF, INT domains.Conclusions: Hypertension affects the quality of life and age, marital status, education also has some effect on the QOL in elderly stressing the importance of addressing the issues in regular clinics.


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