Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Vitamin C dan Amoksisilin sebagai Bahan Alternatif Intrakanal Medikamen terhadap Enterococcus faecalis secara In Vitro

Bacteria that are often found in cases of pulp necrosis and root canal treatment are Enterococcus faecalis. Elimination of microorganisms in the root canal can use intracanal medicament. The intracanal medicament can be used from antibiotics such as amoxicillin. The antibacterial power of amoxicillin can be increased by combination with vitamin C to prevent resistance. This research aimed to determine the zone of inhibition of vitamin C and amoxicillin against Enterococcus faecalis. The method used in this study is well diffusion method. Inhibition is shown through the clear zone around the wellbore at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours after incubation. The number of research samples is 16 consisted of 4 groups consisting of amoxicillin, vitamin C, a combination of vitamin C and amoxicillin, and 3 MIX MP. The data were tested by non-parametric statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The result showed that vitamin C and amoxicillin's antibacterial activity as alternative material intracanal medicament is equivalent to antibacterial 3 MIX MP.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Root Canal Irrigant Made from Coconut and Bromelain Extract against Biofilm Forming Pathogens– An In vitro Evaluation

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00909 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5222-5226

Author(s):

Jerry Jose ◽

Ajitha Palanivelu

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Measured Quantity ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Root Canal Irrigant

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite is shown to be a gold standard intracanal irrigant which has shown to have adequate antimicrobial properties and tissue dissolving properties. The toxicity of these irrigants are seen to be high towards various cells. Natural irrigants provide an alternative to show adequate antimicrobial activity and lesser cytotoxicity potential. The current study proposes a novel intracanal irrigant made from coconut and bromelain extract. Material and Methods: 10grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in deionized water followed by which 60ml of coconut oil was added to the warm water bath (40C). The final product was left to dry and crushed manually to powder. This powder was then taken in measured quantity to make a final product containing 20% of coconut and 4% of bromelain. The obtained irrigant was then evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method. Results: For the natural irrigant, the maximum zone of inhibition was seen highest at 22mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 25mm against Candida Albicans. For 3% sodium hypochlorite when compared against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 33mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 35mm against Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The study shows that the novel irrigant derived from coconut and bromelain extract has a good antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. It can be concluded that it has a potential application as a root canal irrigant for root canal disinfection.

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UJI SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP SEL FIBROBLAS BHK 21

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v7i1.2017.48-52 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Qurni Restiani ◽

Mandojo Rukmo ◽

Devi Eka Juniarti

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Optical Density ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Root Canal ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Root Canal Irrigants ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Alternative Material

Background: The leaves of neem (Azadirachta indicia) is one of herbal medicine that recommended as an alternative material of root canal irrigants. The active ingredients of neem leaves such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids has been proven to have antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The ideal properties of an alternative material of root canal irrigants is not only have antibacterial activity but also is not toxic to the tissues, but the toxicity of neem leaves remains unclear until now. Objective: The aims of this study to determine the toxicity effect of neem leaves extract in specific concentration. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory in vitro study of baby hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK-21). The neem leaves extract was made by maceration method using ethanol 96% and certain dilution performed to obtain various concentrations. Cytotoxicity test was conducted by MTT assay and the optical density was measured using ELISA reader at wavelength of 620 nm. Then, the optical density values were calculated using the formula for determining the number of survival fibroblasts after tested. Results: The percentage of survival fibroblast at concentration of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95, and 100% in sequence were 71.3%, 64, 2%, 62%, 60.2%, 40.1%, 36.3%, 36.7%, 29%, 28.4%, 27.5%, and 25.6% . Conclusion: The extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) has cytotoxic effects at concentration of 70% up to 100%.

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Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

RA Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.47191/rajar/v7i6.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Tulsa Devi ◽

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

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Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem, Triphala, Green Tea, and Combination of Neem with Triphala Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study

International Journal of Experimental Dental Science ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 65-67

Author(s):

Neha Saini ◽

Abhinav C Singhal ◽

Aditi S Jain ◽

Jayesh Tiwari ◽

Pratik Surana

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Green Tea ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Tea Extract

ABSTRACT Introduction The main objective of root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, and irrigation is an important step in reducing the bacterial load from the root canal system. However, irrigants currently used in the field of endodontics have their share of limitations, and the search for an ideal root canal irrigant continues. The use of herbal extracts as endodontic irrigants is today gaining popularity. Aims and objectives To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial potential of herbal extracts, such as neem (Azadirachta indica), triphala (Terminalia chebula), green tea (Camellia sinensis), and combination of neem and triphala as endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Freshly prepared extracts of neem, triphala, green tea, and 2% chlorhexidine were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency against E. faecalis using the agar well diffusion test. Agar plates were incubated at 370°C for 24 hours in an incubator. The diameter of bacterial inhibition zones around each well was recorded to the nearest size in mm. Results Higher mean zone of inhibition was recorded in chlorhexidine followed by neem extract and combination of neem and triphala than triphala and green tea extract respectively. The lowest mean zone of inhibition was found in green tea extract. Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that neem leaf extract shows comparable zones of inhibition with that of chlorhexidine and combination of neem and triphala. How to cite this article Singhal AC, Jain AS, Tiwari J, Surana P, Saini N. Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem, Triphala, Green Tea, and Combination of Neem with Triphala Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):65-67.

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Enhanced Antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua fruit mediated Selenium Nanoparticle against Enterococcus faecalis

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

Anushya P ◽

Preetha S ◽

Lavanya Prathap ◽

Jeevitha M

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Human Needs ◽

Selenium Nanoparticle ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Capparis Decidua ◽

Living Organisms

Nanotechnology has become one among the promising approaches for innovations which fulfil the human needs. Nanoparticles even have many applications in several fields like nanocomposites, medical imaging, nanobiocomposite filters, targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia of tumours. In which Selenium is an important micronutrient for living organisms. These nanoparticles are safe, eco friendly, inexpensive and nontoxic. Enterococcus faecalis is an emergent gram - positive opportunistic pathogen that is the causative agent of several nosocomial infections and surgical wound infections. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly necessary to find other alternative treatments than commonly utilized drugs. The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua fruit mediated selenium nanoparticles( cds-se Nps ) against Enterococcus faecalis. In this experimental study Se Nps were prepared by the reaction of 30mM sodium selenite solution and extracts of Capparis decidua. Antibacterial activity of SeNPs was assessed by using a disc diffusion method against Enterococcus faecalis. The SeNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometers. In the present study, the zone of inhibition shows 32mm, 35 mm, 37mm and 30 mm at concentration of 50 microliter, 100 microliter, 150 microliter and antibody respectively. The Capparis decidua fruit mediated SeNp showed a good antibacterial activity against the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

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Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1906 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 650-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jain Mathew ◽

Reshmi George ◽

Robin Theruvil ◽

Tobin C Padavil ◽

Lincy Tomy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Root Canals ◽

Root Canal Irrigants ◽

Simarouba Glauca

ABSTRACT Aim To determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method. Materials and methods Dried leaves of A. muricata and S. glauca were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Enterococcus faecalis was grown overnight in Trypticase soy agar plates. About 10 μL of each extract was placed on agar plates and incubated overnight. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours. About 1% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls. Results The leaf extract of A. muricata showed similar effectiveness as that of sodium hypochlorite, whereas the leaf extract of S. glauca showed only a slight reduction in growth of E. faecalis. Conclusion Leaf extract of A. muricata can be developed as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigants. Clinical significance Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canals. Root canal irrigants have a major role in complete disinfection of the root canals. Chemical root canal irrigants are more or less toxic to the oral environment. In this study, naturally derived leaf extracts of A. muricata and S. glauca are compared with sodium hypochlorite for its effectiveness against E. faecalis – the most common pathogen found in the root canals. How to cite this article Mathew J, George R, Theruvil R, Padavil TC, Tomy L, Kurian A. Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):650-653.

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Antibacterial effects of Pluchea indica Less leaf extract on E. faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro)

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p93-98 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Agni Febrina Pargaputri ◽

Elly Munadziroh ◽

Retno Indrawati

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Root Canal ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Activity Test ◽

Moderate Effect

Background: Enterococcus. faecalis (E. faecalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are the most common bacteria found in infected tooth root canal. Most of these bacteria often cause failure in endodontic treatments. Pluchea indica Less leaf is a species of plants that has several chemical properties. It consists of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, and essensial oils which have been reported as antibacterial agents. Because of its benefits, the extract of Pluchea indica Less leaves may be potentially developed as one of root canal sterilization dressing. Purpose: This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of Pluchea indica Less leaves extract against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria. Method: Dilution method was conducted first to show Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum. The antibacterial activity test on Pluchea indica Less leaves extract was performed on E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria using agar diffusion method. The Pluchea indica Less leaves extract used for antibacterial activity test was at a concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. Thirty-five petridiscs were used and divided into five groups based on the extract concentration. Result: The results showed strong and moderate antibacterial effects of the Pluchea indica Less leaves extract on E. faecalis at the concentrations of 100% and 50%, while on F. nucleatum only at the concentration of 100% with moderate effect. Conclusion: Pluchea indica Less leaves extract has antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria with strong-moderate effect.

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Antibacterial effectiveness in vitro of different formulations of calcium hydroxide paste

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720170002000013127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Israel Alexandre De Araujo SENA ◽

Isaac Jordão De Souza ARAÚJO ◽

Marquiony Marques Dos SANTOS ◽

Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcanti LIMA

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Inhibition Zones

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide paste against microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Methods: To evaluate antibacterial activity through the agar diffusion method, pastes of calcium hydroxide were made from its pro-analysis form, diffused into four separate vehicles: distilled water, camphorated p-monochlorophenol, propylene glycol and Otosporin®, testing the antimicrobial activity of these on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After the incubation period, the presence or otherwise of inhibition zones were observed and their sizes in three stages: 24h, 48h and 72h. With this data, the median between the four dishes was obtained and the consequent value was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical analysis, with post-tests of Mann-Whitney and Bonferroni correction, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Only pastes with camphorated p-monochlorophenol and Otosporin vehicles caused the formation of significant inhibition zones, with medians of 8.0 mm. Against the strains of Enterococcus faecalis, only pastes with the camphorated p-monochlorophenol vehicle resulted in the formation of significant inhibition zones, with a median of 3.0 mm. Conclusion : Otosporin and CMCP vehicles provide greater antimicrobial potential to calcium hydroxide against the studied bacteria. However, only the Ca(OH)2 and CMCP combination was effective against all the strains, and can thus be regarded as the paste formulation with the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness in this study.

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Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574220988182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030157422098818

Author(s):

Cheepurupalli Meher Vineesha ◽

D Praveen Kumar Varma ◽

P Arun Bhupathi ◽

CV Padma Priya ◽

M Anoosha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Disk Diffusion Method

Aim and Objectives: To compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various nanoparticles incorporated in orthodontic primer with that of conventional antimicrobial agents at different concentrations on Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) strain. Materials and Methods: Transbond XT Primer was mixed with 2.5% and 5% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.2% and 2.5% chlorhexidine, 1% and 3% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, 0.2% and 0.5% nanohydroxyapatite, and 0.2% and 0.5% silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite powders. Antibacterial activity against S. mutans for all the materials was evaluated by the disk diffusion method for periods of 48 (T1) and 72 (T2) hours. Results: There was a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents. The highest zone of inhibition against S. mutans was observed for silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite of 0.5% (11.03 mm) among all the nanoparticles, which was similar to the conventional antibacterial agents used in our study. Conclusions: • Among all the groups, BAC at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial activity, and the least activity was exhibited by 1% TiO2 nanoparticles. • Silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite at 0.5% expressed the greatest antibacterial activity among all the nanoparticles. • All the materials showed sustained antibacterial activity even after 72 hours.

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