Antibacterial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus Species

Nano particles have an enormous impact on society. Selenium nanoparticles are used in various oxidative stresses. Capparis decidua is a plant which belongs to a family Capparidaceae. Capparis decidua is found in desert and semi desert areas and is used in Unani medicine and traditional system of medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using Capparis decidua. Antibacterial activity was studied by inhibition zone against E.coli and Lactobacillus using Agar well diffusion method which was characterized by a clear zone. Selenium nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua fruit showed good antibacterial activity against lactobacillus species and E.coli.

Green Synthesis of Flower-Shaped Copper Oxide and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles via Capparis decidua Leaf Extract for Synergic Adsorption-Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides

Green manufacturing of catalysts enables sustainable advanced oxidation processes and water treatment processes for removing trace contaminants such as pesticides. An environmentally friendly biosynthesis process produced high-surface-area CuO and NiO nanocatalysts using phytochemicals in the Capparis decidua leaf extract, which served as a reductant and influenced catalyst shape. Capparis decidua is a bushy shrub, widely distributed in dry and arid regions of Africa, Pakistan, India, Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, Saudi Arabia. The synthesized CuO and NiO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The produced nanoparticles were spherical and flower-like in shape and have a characteristic face-centered cubic structure of CuO and NiO. Biosynthesized catalysts were photoactive and degraded recalcitrant pesticide Lambda-cyhalothrin (L-CHT). Photocatalytic degradation of L-CHT was affected by the initial L-CHT concentration, solution pH levels between 5 and 9, and photocatalyst concentration. The L-CHT removal percentage attained by CuO photocatalyst (~99%) was higher than for NiO photocatalyst (~89%). The degradation of L-CHT follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the apparent rate constant (kapp) decreased from 0.033 min−1 for CuO to 0.0084 min−1 for NiO photocatalyst. The novel flower-shaped nanoparticles demonstrated high stability in water and recyclability for removing L-CHT pesticide contamination in water.

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle using Capparis decidua fruit extract and its Characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy And UV- Visible Spectroscopy

Capparis decidua is used in the traditional system of medicine used due to its medicinal properties. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized in a simple and rapid way by green synthesis method. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized using aqueous extract of Capparis decidua fruit. The aim of this present study is to synthesize and to analyse the characterization of selenium nanoparticle synthesized using Capparis decidua. Characterization of selenium nanoparticle was done using ultra-visible spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscope [TEM]. Initially, the wavelength obtained for synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranged from 300nm to 600nm. Then TEM was carried out to find the size and shape of the nanoparticle. The selenium nanoparticle was spherical in shape with size of 320nm. The present study concluded that the selenium nanoparticle prepared using Capparis decidua was ecofriendly and may serve and benefit the society because of its rich medicinal property with less side effects if further research is carried out.

Distribution des ligneux sur le tracé de la grande muraille verte : cas de batha et de wadi-fira Ouest au Tchad

Les déficits pluviométriques combinés à l’action anthropique ont entrainé une dégradation des ressources naturelles à partir desquelles les paysans tchadiens tirent leurs moyens de subsistance. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la composition floristique, la circonférence et la hauteur des peuplements ligneux dans deux sites de la Grande Muraille Verte du Tchad (Batha et Wadi-Fira Ouest). Pour cela, nous avons utilisé la méthode des relevés floristiques et des mesures dendrométriques pour caractériser lavégétation. Cette méthode nous a permis d’inventorier 15 espèces réparties en 11 genres et 6 familles. Les espèces les plus dominantes sont Balanites aegyptiaca (Delile), Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan et Capparis decidua Edgew (Forssk.). La répartition des individus selon la grosseur et la hauteur permettent d’établir la structure du peuplement ligneux. Ainsi, dans le Batha, le peuplement ligneux ainsi que les espèces dominantes (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana et Capparis decidua) est constitué de cinquante-deux virgule seize pour cent (52,16%) d’individus qui ont une circonférence comprise entre 10 et 50 cm. Au niveau de Wadi-Fira Ouest, le peuplement est dominé par des individus de circonférence comprise entre 20 et 60 cm. Le peuplement du Batha renferme des individus qui ont une hauteur comprise entre 1 et 14 m. Quatre-vingt-six virgule soixante-sept pour cent (86,67%) des espèces ont une hauteur inférieure ou égale à 7 m. Tandis que dans le Wadi-Fira Ouest, la hauteur des individus du peuplement varie de 0,9 à 12 m et quatrevingt-dix pour cent (90%) des individus ont une hauteur comprise entre 0,9 et 7 m. La strate ligneuse estdominée par des arbustes en grande partie. L’étude a permis de mettre en évidence que les facteurs d’ordre climatique et anthropique ont un impact sur l’environnement des sites.Mots clés : Ligneux, Circonférence, Hauteur, Batha, Wadi-Fira Ouest, Tchad

Comparative Study of the Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere Microbiomes of Cholistan Desert Plants

Microbial communities associated with the rhizosphere and roots of desert halophytes play an important role in plants’ growth and development. Very limited information has been available on the microbial diversity of arid environments of Pakistan. Hence in the current study, the microbial diversity of rhizosphere and root endosphere of desert halophytes, Zygophyllum simplex, Haloxylon salicoricum, Aerva javanica, and Capparis decidua was evaluated. The rhizosphere and root endosphere samples of desert halophytes collected from the three geographic sites of Cholistan desert, Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed by using 16S rRNA based Illumina sequencing. The results showed that Proteobacteria were more abundant in the rhizospheric soils while Actinobacteria were more dominant in the root endosphere of halophytes. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus were identified from all rhizospheric soils and roots across the three sites, with variable percentage. Bacillus, Kocuria, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, and Flavobacterium were commonly identified from the rhizosphere and root endosphere of halophytes across all the three sites. At the genus level, microbial diversity from Haloxylon showed the greatest variations between the rhizosphere and root endosphere from the site 2. This study revealed that microbial diversity analysis can be used to study how changes in abiotic factors such as soil moisture content and salinity affect the microbial communities associated with the rhizospheric soils and root endosphere of halophytes across the three sites. This study will also help in the discovery of potential inoculants for crops growing in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan.