scholarly journals Pozbawienie wolności w celu zbadania stanu psychicznego w prawie polskim

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Teresa Gardocka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Law

The subject of these considerations is the deprivation of freedom ordered to diag-nose the state of an individual’s/person’s mental health. Polish law provides for such a diagnostic deprivation of freedom in the event of a suspected offense with a simultaneous doubt as to the person’s sanity at the time of the committing the act (Code of Criminal Procedure), doubt as to mental illness beings a cause of behavior threatening one’s own life or health, or the lives of others (Act on the Protection of Mental Health) and the exist-ence of a mental illness as a reason for incapacitation (Code of Civil Procedure). These legal institutions differ as for constitutional justification (Article 31 point 3) of the Polish Constitution) and their permissible duration. These differences are the main subject of the analysis. Particularly doubtful seems the possibility of diagnostic deprivation of freedom provided for in the proceedings on incapacitation, as to its duration (it may last up to 3 months).

Prescriptive Power: Biologism, Biopsychiatry and Drug-centred Psychopharmacology

Somatechnics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 291-309
Author(s):  
Francis Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Biological Ontology ◽  
Health Discourse

This paper looks to make a contribution to the critical project of psychiatrist Joanna Moncrieff, by elucidating her account of ‘drug-centred’ psychiatry, and its relation to critical and cultural theory. Moncrieff's ‘drug-centred’ approach to psychiatry challenges the dominant view of mental illness, and psychopharmacology, as necessitating a strictly biological ontology. Against the mainstream view that mental illnesses have biological causes, and that medications like ‘anti-depressants’ target specific biological abnormalities, Moncrieff looks to connect pharmacotherapy for mental illness to human experience, and to issues of social justice and emancipation. However, Moncrieff's project is complicated by her framing of psychopharmacological politics in classical Marxist notions of ideology and false consciousness. Accordingly, she articulates a political project that would open up psychiatry to the subjugated knowledge of mental health sufferers, whilst also characterising those sufferers as beholden to ideology, and as being effectively without knowledge. Accordingly, in order to contribute to Moncrieff's project, and to help introduce her work to a broader humanities readership, this paper elucidates her account of ‘drug-centred psychiatry’, whilst also connecting her critique of biopsychiatry to notions of biologism, biopolitics, and bio-citizenship. This is done in order to re-describe the subject of mental health discourse, so as to better reveal their capacities and agency. As a result, this paper contends that, once reframed, Moncrieff's work helps us to see value in attending to human experience when considering pharmacotherapy for mental illness.

scholarly journals Burden of mental health disability in Kerala: A secondary time trend analysis from 2002 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Joseph ◽  
H Sankar ◽  
D Nambiar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Disorders

Abstract The fourth target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 advocates for the promotion of mental health and wellbeing. The Indian state of Kerala is recognized for its gains in health and development but has substantial burden of mental health ailments. Historical analysis is vital to understand the pattern of mental health morbidity. The current study focusses on comparable estimates available from three largescale population-based surveys in India to explore trends in prevalence of mental health disorders over the years and map resources and infrastructure available for mental health care in Kerala. We undertook a secondary analysis of national demographic surveys from 2002 to 2018 which reported information on mental health and availability of health infrastructure and human resources. Data were collated and descriptive analyses were conducted. We compared the national and state level estimates over the years to study the trend in the prevalence of mental health disability. The prevalence of mental retardation and intellectual disability in Kerala increased from 194 per hundred thousand persons in 2002 to 300 per hundred thousand persons in 2018, two times higher to the national average. The prevalence of mental illness increased from 272 per hundred thousand people to 400 per hundred thousand people in sixteen years. The prevalence was higher among males (statistical significance was not indicated) in mental illness and mental retardation. 2018 data showed that the public sector had 0.01 hospitals and 5.53 beds per hundred thousand persons available for mental health treatment. Results showed a substantial increase in mental health illness over the 16-year study period that has affected males and females, as well as all social classes of the state. The current health infrastructure and human resources in the public sector of the state are inadequate to meet the current burden of the problem and to ensure universal access to care for its population. Key messages The trend in prevalence of mental health disorders in the state is increasing across the years. There is a mismatch between the extend of the problem and resources available in public sector.

scholarly journals STAGE PERSONA, STAND-UP COMEDY AND MENTAL HEALTH: ‘PUTTING YOURSELF OUT THERE’

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
MATT HARGRAVE
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stand Up Comedy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the subject of stand-up and mental health through the prism of comic persona, generating new, non-diagnostic discourses around mental illness. The article focuses on British and Australian comedians whose material addresses conditions such as bipolar disorder (John Scott), depression and anxiety (Seymour Mace; Lauren Pattison; Felicity Ward), or feigns the staging of mental collapse (Stewart Lee). Based on the analysis of live events and one-on-one interviews, the essay considers the role that persona plays in mediating the relationship between the comedian and their material, arguing that shaping persona is key to developing practices framed within a poetics of vulnerability.

Disability and socio-economic impact of mental disorders in the state of Punjab, India: Findings from national mental health survey, 2015–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Chavan ◽  
Subhash Das ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Sonia Puri ◽  
Aravind BA Banavaram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Perceived Disability ◽  
Mental Health Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Individual

Background: Mental illness results in a plethora of distressing issues, has tremendous socio-economic impact and causes socio-occupational dysfunction in the individual as well as the caregivers. There is a felt need to explore the disability caused by mental illness and the associated socio-economic impact at the population level in a developing nation like India. Aims: To elucidate the disability and socio-economic impact associated with mental illness at the individual and household levels for the state of Punjab in India. Method: This was a multisite cross-sectional study carried out during 2015–2016 (as a part of the National Mental Health Survey of India) in three districts and one urban metro area of Punjab. The sample was selected using multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, with random selection based on Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) at different stages. A validated set of questions was used to assess the socio-economic impact of mental illness and the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to document self-perceived disability among individuals with mental morbidity. Median (IQR) and proportions were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative data, respectively Results: Subjects with any mental morbidity reported disability of varying severities across different domains of life; family life was affected the most (70.1%). One in every six persons reported that their mental illness interfered with their daily activities to a large extent. Economic burden was high and a typical family would spend about INR 1500/month (US$23) towards the treatment of its member with mental morbidity. Family members had to forego their work for at least 7 days in 3 months to take care of their relative with mental illness. Conclusion: Mental illness causes disability in the individual and has tremendous socio-economic impact on the family, incapacitating a family’s productivity to a large extent and thus affecting the society.

scholarly journals Mental Health Perceptions from Artwork

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Alexei Sammut ◽  
Paulann Grech ◽  
Michael Galea ◽  
Margaret Mangion ◽  
Josianne Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Mental Health Awareness ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Art Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between artwork and mental health has been the subject of various research endeavours. Whilst artwork has been long used as a means of emotional expression, it is also a method of raising mental health awareness. In this study, an art collection was presented to depict the challenges faced by many individuals living with a mental illness. Through a series of open-ended questions, twenty-nine participants were requested to give a title to each piece and to describe the perceived message and emotions related to each painting. The thematic analysis process of the participants’ descriptions led to the identification of three themes, namely those of Darkness, Solitude and Recovery. Whilst congruence was often observed between the participants themselves and between the viewers and the artist, discrepancies were also noted. Artwork can be an important medium in addressing stigma and in guiding reflections on mental health topics.

scholarly journals Mental illness attitudes and knowledge in non-specialist medical doctors working in state and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumna Minty ◽  
Mahomed Y.H. Moosa ◽  
Fatima Y. Jeenah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge

Background: An increasing number of South Africans utilise primary healthcare services (either in the state or private sector) for mental health concerns; hence, there is a need to objectively assess these doctors’ attitudes and knowledge of mental illness.Aim: To investigate aspects of knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness of a group of private and state-employed non-specialist medical doctors.Method: Doctors in the state sector who were working at a primary healthcare level and who were not working towards, or did not hold, a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Doctors in the private sector who were working as general practitioners and who did not hold a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A link to the study questionnaire, information about the study, details of the researcher and matters pertaining to informed consent were emailed to potential participants.Results: Of the 140 practitioners who responded to the survey, 51.4% (n = 72) worked in the state sector, 41.4% (n = 58) worked in the private sector and 7.1% (n = 10) worked in both the state and private sectors (χ21 = 45.31, p 0.010). The majority ( 50%) of participants in all three groups had a positive attitude towards mental illness (χ22 = 1.52, p = 0.468). Although there were no significant associations between attitude and socio-demographic characteristics (p 0.05), male SS doctors reported feeling less comfortable when dealing with mentally ill patients (p = 0.015); SS doctors who did not have family contact with mental illness were less likely to feel that mentally ill patients did not pose a risk to others (p = 0.007), and PS doctors under the age of 35 years were more likely to feel adequately trained to treat mental illness (p = 0.026). The majority ( 50%) of participants in all three groups had an adequate level of knowledge of mental illness (modal scores = 10). There were no significant associations between knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics (p 0.05).Conclusion: Despite the findings of a positive attitude and adequate knowledge of mental illness amongst the participants of this study, it is recommended that more targeted interventions are established to further improve mental health awareness and knowledge of doctors at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study.

scholarly journals Attitudes, knowledge, and opinions regarding mental health among undergraduate nursing students

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia da Silva Santos ◽  
Marcos Hirata Soares ◽  
Andreia Goncalves Pestana Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Chi Squared

A cross-sectional study involving 235 subjects was conducted in 2011 to compare the opinions of nursing students regarding mental illness and related care practices at two institutions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Following approval by the ethics committee, data collection was initiated using an instrument containing questions regarding the importance of personal characteristics, knowledge of mental health, and the Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI) scale. Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman correlation at , were performed using SPSSv.15. The students exhibited significantly different characteristics only for Benevolence. Regarding the importance of knowledge about mental health, in comparison with students from the State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL), students at the State University of Maringa (Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM) considered psychological aspects more comprehensively than technical knowledge. We conclude that there are differences between students at these institutions in terms of knowledge and the factor Benevolence. Further studies are necessary to identify the underlying causes of such differences.

Learning disability, autism and the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-167
Author(s):  
Fionnuala Williams ◽  
Mike Warwick ◽  
Colin McKay ◽  
Callum Macleod ◽  
Moira Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scottish Government

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the use of Part VI of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (CPSA) for people with Learning Disability (LD) and/or Autism. This is in the context of a recent review commissioned by the Scottish Government into whether the provisions in the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 (MHA) meet the needs of these groups which would also affect associated legislation such as CPSA. Design/methodology/approach All CPSA orders active on the 3 January 2018 were identified and analysed for a number of variables including diagnoses, detention length, level of hospital security and medication use. Findings Of the 580 people on CPSA orders, 69 (11.9%) had LD and 27 (4.7%) had possible/definite Autism. Most people with LD (56.5%) did not have a mental illness or personality disorder. Most (81.2%) had mild LD. There were two patients whose only diagnosis was Autism. Mean duration of detention was longer for those with LD than for those without. Most patients with LD alone were prescribed medication (61.5%) and, if in hospital, were managed in low secure units (59%). Originality/value The results indicate that people with LD or Autism are differently affected by the application of the CPSA from other people with mental disorders, and that this is potentially discriminatory, if it is not objectively justified . It supports the stance from the recent review that to reduce the potential for discrimination, substantial changes to MHA and CPSA should be considered in the wider review of the MHA in Scotland.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING THE MENTAL STRESS OF MALAY STUDENTS WHO EXPERIENCING HYSTERIA PHENOMENON USING KRAEPELIN TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Nagarubini Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
The State ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Subject

Hysteria is a symptom of emotional distress and mental illness that is prevalent among teenage girls. It happens a lot in schools during class. Hysteria frequently starts with one student and then spreads to other pupils, sometimes as many as 20-50 at a time. Its strange symptoms include uncontrollable screaming, struggle, crying for no apparent cause, speaking incoherently, and body paralysis. Many elements that create hysteria have been recognized in previous studies on the subject by psychologists, psychiatrists, and physicians from an alternative Islamic perspective. Hysteria can be influenced by cultural elements as well as personal values and beliefs. Psychologists feel that the patient's mental stress is the main cause of hysteria. One way for these patients to express themselves is through hysteria. Hysteria, according to psychiatrists, can be caused by intense emotional stress resulting from long-standing, unsolved, and unspoken emotional issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the mental stress of Malay students thus involved in hysteria by using the Kraepelin test. The Uchida-Kraepelin (U-K) test is a simple mathematic that requires intense concentration and effort and has been used as a tool to induce mental stress. This test used to identify mental stress among Malay students who attacked by hysteria. Hysteria is a social problem, which always occurs among school students in Malaysia. 10 hard hysteria students from four different schools were selected for this research. Mental stress status was assessed using the Kraepelin test. The state of mental speed reflects the state after they involved in hysteria. 10 students between the ages of 13 and17 from four different schools participated.

scholarly journals Legal institutions securing socially recognised rightsof the subjects participating in legal transactions, based on the example of legitimate expectative

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Joanna Bocianowska
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
General System ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Law System ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Polish Law

The article “Legal Institutions Securing Socially Recognised Rights of the Subjects Participating in Legal Transactions, Based on the Example of Legitimate Expectative” sheds light on the concept of legitimate expectative as a separate right. It gives arguments in favor of qualifying this type of right as legitimate since it protects legally important issues connected with the transactions undertaken by the participants of the market. The article also draws attention to the decisions of the international tribunals and the European legislatives that grant the position of the legitimate expectative in the general system of law. Coined by the German doctrine of law under the names: Anwartschaft, Wartenrecht and Zwischenrecht, the notion of expectative becomes widely recognised in other European countries, also in Poland, which is highlighted in the text. The protection of the said right in the Polish law system is mainly guaranteed by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, in the described in the article decisions of 1989, 1993 and 1996. The topic of the article is not only the analysis of the said right of expectative but it also aims at a more general issue which is the creation of the new rights in very traditional civil law systems, especially in the Polish one. The summary of the analysis shown in the article leads to the conclusion that new rights and regulations are necessary, and the source of them should stem from the needs of the society, not the needs of the state.

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