scholarly journals Reasons to counterfeit: Supply, demand and distribution of counterfeit goods

Ekonomia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Aneliya Mussanova
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Marketing Tactics ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Equal Interest

This research empathizes with the opportunities that drive demand for counterfeit goods. Governments, organizations and rights holders struggle to regulate the distribution and consumption of counterfeit products, so that consumer awareness has emerged as to what goods people counterfeit, and most importantly, why people intentionally buy counterfeit items. This article illustrates the incentives that inspire buyers to purchase counterfeit products, tactics that brand owners use to fuel their interest. It involves the development of demand, marketing tactics, and the implementation of consumer approach strategies by brands. It also reveals the complicated logistics and transporting routes creating manufacturing and transit hubs for counterfeiting,; it also demonstrates the lack of government intervention as well as the desperate need for policy revision. This article shows counterfeiting is phenomenon that governments, organizations, and most importantly, consumers all have equal interest in fighting against.

scholarly journals THE BLACK MARKET IN CASE OF SOCIALISM AND THE MARKET OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Leyla Eldar Gyzy Mamedova ◽  
Valeriy Dmitrievich Polskiy
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Counterfeit Products

This article is devoted to a role of commodity and monetary deficit in formation and development of the black market in case of socialism and the market of counterfeit products in modern conditions. Comparison of the markets on the example of the elementary models and theoretical judgment of the place and a role of the market of counterfeit goods in market economy is carried out. Interaction of the market of standard goods and counterfeit products is revealed. Interaction of the market of standard goods and counterfeit products; the prospect of its development is revealed.

scholarly journals Legal policy of the European Union against counterfeiting in the conditions of Digital Single Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mark Vladimirovich Shugurov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Protecting Intellectual Property

The subject of this research is the legal policy of the European Union against counterfeiting in the conditions of functioning of the Digital Single Market. The goal is to determine the content and patterns of development of this policy from the perspective of combining traditional and innovative measures and initiatives aimed at prevention of trafficking of counterfeit goods in the digital environment. Special attention is given to the analysis of the key factors of formation formation of this policy, taking into account the implementation of the Strategy of the Digital Single Market. The author analyzes the dynamics of application of the organizational-legal mechanisms for combating counterfeiting, and the multi-stakeholder approach that lies beneath them. Separate section of the article is dedicated to establishment of the principles of using voluntary measures on prevention and suppression of the trafficking of counterfeit goods in the digital environment. The conclusion is made that the theoretical provisions indicating that the EU anti-counterfeit policy is aimed the development of supranational block of legal instruments related to the sphere of intellectual property law and customs regulation, and represents a system of comprehensive actions, each of which is implemented depending on the thematic agenda reflecting the strategic intentions for action. The author’s special contribution lies in determination of the patterns of transition towards the regime of responsibility of online platforms that allow posting the offers of counterfeit products. The novelty of this article consists in demonstrating the effective combination of non-legislative and legislative measures used on the supranational level for protecting intellectual property in the conditions of the development of digital environment.

scholarly journals COUNTERFEIT GOODS IN THE MARKETPLACE ON THE EXAMPLE OF WILDBERRIES: PROBLEM STATEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
A. V. Sal’nikova ◽  
Yu. A. Kudimova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Threat To Life

The article analyses the distribution of counterfeit products through marketplaces in Russia in the context of the rapid growth of e-commerce, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the analysis of statistical data of reports and reports of companies and organizations specializing in research of the counterfeit market in Russia, the paper concludes that marketplaces are one of the channels for the distribution of counterfeit goods. The consequences of selling counterfeit goods online have a negative impact on the state, which does not receive tax revenues to the budget, rights holders who lose their profits and reputation, as well as on consumers in the form of harm to health and threat to life. The study of the work of one of the popular marketplaces Wildberries allows us to speak about the lack of interest of the marketplace as an online trading platform in monitoring sellers (suppliers) of goods for violation of intellectual property rights. The authors of the article made a number of proposals to improve measures to counter the appearance and spread of counterfeit goods through marketplaces. The paper determines that the fight against counterfeiting should be carried out in a complex and only with the interested participation of the state, copyright holders, buyers and marketplaces. 

scholarly journals Trade in counterfeit goods in Serbia: Methodological approach and quantification

Industrija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Branko Radulović ◽  
Miljan Savić
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Counterfeit Products

The paper represents the first step in quantifying the categories of goods with the highest risk of being counterfeit during import into Serbia. Firstly, we present a methodology for quantifying the level of counterfeiting, its advantages, and its limitations. Secondly, we determine the product categories most likely to contain counterfeit products. Likewise, by using the OECD methodology, the GTRIC-p indicator for Serbia was formed, enabling comparison with OECD member countries. Based on the results, Serbia does not significantly differ from EU countries in terms of structure and product categories most at risk. The negative effects of imports of counterfeit products are borne mainly by the foreign intellectual property rights holders whose counterfeit products are imported into Serbia. In this context, despite the legal framework in place, incentives for its proper implementation are questionable.

How to Include Pirated Goods in the Market Boundaries for the Purposes of Antitrust Law?

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Anton Morozov ◽  
Andrey Shastitko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
The Right

In many cases of competition law enforcement counterfeit goods are not included within the product-market boundaries on an equal basis with the original product. However, existing literature highlights that illegal copies should be included in market boundaries, since from the consumer's viewpoint counterfeit is a substitute of an original good. In this article, we determine the conditions under which counterfeit products should be included either in market shares of original producers or when counterfeit manufacturers should be recognized as right holder competitors. We conclude that in case of strong network effects counterfeit product should be included in the market share of the right holder. On the contrary, when network effects are weak, pirates or counterfeit manufacturers should be considered as competitors of original product producers.

Consumers, Counterfeiters, and Luxury Goods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Gistri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
Counterfeit Products

Counterfeit goods are perceived to be a substantial threat to various industries, especially those in the luxury sector, and the globalisation of trade and communication has offered incomparable opportunities for criminals to engage in such illicit trade. Demand for counterfeit products/brands has grown immensely in terms of variety, market size, geographical dispersion, and sophistication. To contain the proliferation of counterfeits and the relative negative impact on society, a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour is needed. An updated literature review on counterfeiting from the demand side, particularly analysing determinants of consumers’ buying decisions and counterfeit product consumption habits, provides such an understanding. Considering that fake products have no context without the originals’ existence, contributions highlighted here adopt a joint perspective in analysing the phenomenon, especially in the consumption domain. An examination of the actual counterfeit supply chain rounds out our view.

COMPETENCE AND SUITABILITY OF THE SECURITY FUNCTION IN CONTROLLING ENTRY OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS THROUGH THE PORT OF MOMBASA, KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Hudson Mwalu ◽  
Panuel Mwaeke
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
The Government ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Theory Of Motivation

This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin is outside Kenya. This study sought to establish the competence and suitability of the security function in controlling entry of counterfeit products through the port of Mombasa. Despite the government putting measures to control entry of counterfeits. The existence of counterfeit goods in the market has led to Kenyans not to get value for money on purchase or end up using goods that might have negative health implications. The government has lost revenue by tax evasion or tax underpayments, money that can be used for infrastructure development in our country. This study examined influence of policy on increased control of counterfeit products at the port of Mombasa and how security personnel employ the policies in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study also assessed the knowledge on counterfeits of security personnel at the port of Mombasa and how this contributes to controlling counterfeiting. This study was anchored on two theories namely two factor theory of motivation and Vroom`s expectancy theory of motivation to describe the behavior of security personnel who are involved in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study utilized descriptive research design and the target population was a total of 248 security personnel drawn from different security agencies who are charged directly with detection and control of counterfeits at the port of Mombasa. This study applied probability sampling design by utilizing stratified random sampling techniques as well as purposive sampling to specifically select a sample size of 106 respondents from the study population. A semi structured questionnaire was the major data collection tools of this study. Gathered data was analyzed quantitatively, aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where averages were computed and findings presented using tables and charts. Findings and recommendations are expected to help reduce or completely curb counterfeits in Kenyan markets as well as provide basis for future research. In all, 57% of the respondent indicated that there was a link between the working conditions and the efficiency of the Security personnel. Working conditions, training, policies and deployment levels influences the efficiency of the security personnel to a level of 90.4 percent. The recommendations from the study are: the government and other relevant agencies should be involved in policy making. The oversight bodies, enforcement agencies and other regulatory agencies should work under one body and involve the National Intelligence and the Directorate of Criminal intelligence for surveillance.

scholarly journals Problems of Intellectual Piracy and Counterfeiting in the EAEU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
T.K. Kanatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
International Instruments

This article discusses the problematic issues of intellectual piracy and counterfeiting in the EEU countries. Analyzed international instruments, given the statistics in the context of the EEC according to the ECA, the FCS, the types of the main groups of counterfeit goods moved across the customs border, the issues of online trading of counterfeit products, given the statistics of the market size of counterfeit products. The legal characteristics of the concepts of «counterfeit», «intellectual piracy» from the point of view of legislation, doctrine and practice are given. In order to prevent offenses, special tables of «counterfeit indices» developed by the Russian Anti-Piracy Organization to help law enforcement agencies and copyright holders, which allows them to independently identify counterfeit copies without the involvement of experts, as well as the table of the Moscow Center for Independent Comprehensive Examination and Certification of Systems and Technologies, which proposed to use a system of criteria for protecting computer disks with computer programs from counterfeiting according to certain criteria, are considered. Purpose. To investigate current problematic issues of intellectual piracy and counterfeiting in the EAEU countries. Methodology: system-structural, concrete-sociological, historical-legal, social-legal, comparative-legal, statistical methods of work were used in writing the article. Results. Proposals and conclusions based on the analysis of international legislation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the EAEU countries that were in force at the moment. The relevance and practical significance of the article lies in the analysis of intellectual piracy and counterfeiting in the EAEU countries. The special significance of this study lies in the fact that the developed theoretical provisions of this work can be used in the future for further study and consideration of issues related to counterfeiting and intellectual piracy in the doctrine and legislation of the EAEU countries. With this research, the author invests a significant resource in the theoretical part of civil law. Novelty/originality/value: The article has a high scientific value, as it is one of the first attempts to consider topical issues of intellectual piracy and counterfeiting in the EAEU countries.

Examining the Relationship between Consumption of Counterfeit Apparel and Construction of Self-Identity: A Study of Pakistani Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Atif Bilal ◽  
Wisal Ahmad ◽  
Shumaila Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Apparel Manufacturers

 The production, sale, and purchase of counterfeit apparel are illegal and unethical and in most cases are secret activities. Despite a number of campaigns to discourage piracy of various merchandise, the fashion industry in Pakistan is unable to weed out this bug from the markets. This study intends to examine the association between the consumption of counterfeit goods and the construction of self-identity. The paper, drawing upon thirty-six detailed interviews with female participants who owned both branded apparel and their copies, argues that the purchase and consumption of counterfeit apparel provides real and symbolic benefits to consumers, which contributes to the creation of their identity and projection of their desired social self-image. Participants described three important benefits that can be enjoyed through the consumption of counterfeit apparel: to be efficient by utilizing limited resources to the fullest; to have fun by going through risk, enjoyment and adventure; and to mislead others by hiding the reality of their clothes. Research findings indicate that In addition, when consumers of counterfeit apparel successfully accomplish these goals, they are able to construct a confident self-identity through which they portray themselves as savvy consumers to others. The present study can enrich and update the existing body of knowledge regarding the consumption of counterfeit products. It can also enable apparel manufacturers to tap into the psyche and motivations of consumers who purchase counterfeit apparel and too can provide them with guidelines to attract and retain consumers.

scholarly journals Luxury brand consumption and counterfeiting: A case study of the Portuguese market

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Miguel Varela ◽  
Paula Lopes ◽  
Rita Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Counterfeit Products

This paper discusses the trade of counterfeit luxury brands, which has grown at an alarming rate and is becoming a pertinent topic. The objective of this study is to specify the factors that influence purchase intention of counterfeit products. A questionnaire was applied to a group of Portuguese consumers, wherein 43% male and 57% female, with an average age of 32.59 years (SD = 9.78). The middle class registered the highest number of responses (86%), followed by the upper class (11%). Most respondents had higher education (76%). This group agreed to declare that they purchase counterfeit luxury products. Qualtrics software was used to validate one hundred responses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.The results show that the three most popular counterfeit products are bags, clothes, and watches; the three brands that are most easily for sale are Louis Vuitton, Ray-Ban, and Nike; the main motivation associated with counterfeit goods is lower price (44%). The main sources are street vendors and online shopping. The intention to re-purchase a counterfeit product obtained low median results.The most desired counterfeit products are bags and clothes that are sold by street vendors (28%) or in the Internet (26%). The main factors that lead to the acquisition of counterfeit products are lower prices (44%) and product design (11%). 130 consumers declared the highest price satisfaction than a personal satisfaction from the purchase of counterfeit products. Portuguese consumers are also aware of ethical issues and agree with the enforcement of severe measures.

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